Mechanism explains complex brain wiring
Research reveals how neurons create and integrate with each other, shedding light on neurological diseases like autism. The study identifies Dscam1 protein variations as key to forming complex neural networks.
Science News for June 11, 2014
Study IDs 'master' protein in pulmonary fibrosis
A study has identified chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1) as the master regulator of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a devastating lung disease. CHI3L1 plays a dual role in promoting tissue repair and reducing cell death, but its chronic elevation contributes to excessive scarring and tissue dysfunction.
Gigantic explosion buried in dust: ALMA probes environment around gamma ray bursts
Researchers used ALMA to detect molecular gas in two galaxies rocked by gamma ray bursts, finding it concentrated towards the galaxy centers. The gas was scarce near the explosions, which occurred in dusty environments with little gas present, suggesting intense star formation before the GRBs.
Benaroya Research Institute scientists identify drivers of rheumatoid arthritis
Researchers at Benaroya Research Institute used cutting-edge tetramer technology to find T cells driving rheumatoid arthritis. The study demonstrates that these cells have unique markers and change over time in patients with RA.
SourceBenaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason·JournalArthritis & Rheumatology·DateJun 11, 2014
Obesity gene linked to hormonal changes that favor energy surplus
A new study from Uppsala University found that elderly carriers of the FTO gene have higher ghrelin levels and lower leptin levels, making them more prone to weight gain. The study suggests that this genetic variant may facilitate weight gain by shifting the endocrine balance towards hunger hormone ghrelin.
A NASA view of Tropical Cyclone Nanauk in the Arabian Sea
Tropical Cyclone Nanauk strengthened over a 24-hour period, showing a well-rounded tropical cyclone with good circulation. The storm is expected to continue strengthening before encountering higher wind shear and dry air.
New strategies to combat MRSA in hospitals
The new guidelines provide a roadmap for prioritizing and implementing strategies to prevent healthcare-associated MRSA transmission and infection. Key highlights include conducting an MRSA risk assessment, implementing an MRSA monitoring program, and ensuring compliance with hand hygiene and contact precautions.
SourceSociety for Healthcare Epidemiology of America·JournalInfection Control and Hospital Epidemiology·DateJun 11, 2014
Peer pressure is weaker for kids to quit smoking
A study of adolescent friendship networks and smoking use over time found that friends exert influence on both starting and quitting smoking, but the influence to start is stronger. Nonsmoking friends are unlikely to provide resources needed to help their smoking peers quit, making peer pressure a significant barrier to cessation.
Energy demands of raising a pup push sea otter moms to the limit
Researchers found that the daily energy demands of a female sea otter increase by 17% after giving birth to a pup and can be nearly twice what they are when she doesn't have a pup. The study reveals why female sea otters often appear in poor condition at the end of lactation period.
DNA-linked nanoparticles form switchable 'thin films' on a liquid surface
Researchers created a single layer of nanoparticles on a liquid surface where properties can be easily switched. The DNA-coated nanoparticles' interactions and reorganization at the lipid interface affect their properties.
SourceDOE/Brookhaven National Laboratory·JournalJournal of the American Chemical Society·DateJun 11, 2014
Tendon stimulation the key to repair in 'tennis elbow'
Ultrasound-guided injections of growth factors-containing platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been shown to be no more effective than saline injections in treating recently developed epicondylitis, also known as tennis elbow. However, pain scores decreased significantly over the course of the trial.
The 'microbial garden' taking the shine off glaciers
Researchers discovered a 'microbial garden' of life forms thriving on the Mittivakkat Glacier, reducing its surface reflectivity. This finding has significant implications for climate change models and the search for life on distant worlds.
The solar wind breaks through the Earth's magnetic field
Researchers at the Swedish Institute of Space Physics studied solar wind interactions with the Earth's magnetic field. They found that asymmetrical reconnection can occur when two regions of plasma have different characteristics.
Recession 'linked with' over 10,000 suicides across Europe and North America
Research by University of Oxford links recession to significant rise in suicides across EU, Canada, and USA between 2008-2010. The study suggests that job loss, home repossession, and debt are major risk factors leading to suicide during economic downturns.
Dormant viruses re-emerge in patients with lingering sepsis, signaling immune suppression
A study by Washington University School of Medicine links prolonged sepsis episodes to the reactivation of dormant viruses in the body. The research suggests that drugs to rev up the immune system could be incorporated into treatment for prolonged sepsis, potentially saving lives.
Climate change beats biodiversity as a press, scientific, and funding priority
A study published in BioScience examines the decline of biodiversity reporting in favor of climate change coverage. Funding priorities also shift towards climate change, with World Bank and US National Science Foundation investments increasing substantially since 2006.
Study confirms how the body regulates high levels of CO2 in the blood
Researchers confirm the role of Phox2b-expressing neurons in detecting and modulating CO2 levels. The study reveals a small region of the brain maintains homeostasis by detecting adequate CO2 levels, which may help prevent sudden death cases.
SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalExperimental Physiology·DateJun 11, 2014
Harvard study finds substance abuse & mental health problems in MSM interfere with HIV medication adherence
A Harvard study found that men who have sex with men (MSM) with mental health and substance abuse problems struggle to adhere to their HIV medication regimens. The research highlights the importance of addressing these issues to improve treatment outcomes and reduce viral transmission.
White bread helps boost some of the gut's 'good' microbes
A study published in ACS' Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry found that white bread promotes the growth of Lactobacillus, a group of beneficial gut bacteria. The researchers also discovered that considering the whole diet, not just individual ingredients, is critical for maintaining a good balance of gut microbes.
CPAP superior to supplemental oxygen for BP reduction in obstructive sleep apnea
A new study published in The New England Journal of Medicine found that CPAP therapy significantly lowers blood pressure compared to nocturnal supplemental oxygen or education control treatment. This effect is particularly notable at night, when sleep apnea often prevents the expected fall in blood pressure.
Mining data archives yields haul of 'red nuggets'
A team of astronomers led by Ivana Damjanov has found a treasure trove of compact, densely packed 'red nugget' galaxies in online archives. These galaxies are abundant in the middle-aged universe, providing new constraints on theoretical models of galaxy formation and evolution.
New fossil find pinpoints the origin of jaws in vertebrates
The discovery of fossilized fish specimens from the Cambrian period sheds new light on the evolution of vertebrates. The fossils show pairs of exceptionally well-preserved arches near the front of their body, which led to the evolution of jaws in vertebrates.
How fire ant architects connect to build balls
Fire ants form complex networks of connections between their bodies and limbs, aligning their bodies perpendicularly and pushing against each other to reduce density. The ants actively control spacing and orientation within self-assemblages, using their legs to grip neighbours and increase buoyancy.
How Earth avoided global warming, last time around
A team of French scientists has proposed a model explaining the sudden drop in atmospheric CO2 levels 300 million years ago, when a massive mountain range formed in Pangea. The formation of these mountains led to physical erosion and rock weathering, removing CO2 from the atmosphere and preventing severe greenhouse effects.
NSF funds effort to market UT Arlington arsenic analyzer
A team of researchers at UT Arlington has developed an affordable and environmentally friendly field analyzer for detecting arsenic levels in water. The device can detect sub-part per billion levels of arsenic without using toxic chemicals, addressing a major public health concern worldwide.
First articles published in new Journal of Medical Imaging
The Journal of Medical Imaging has launched with freely accessible articles on new research in cancer diagnosis, image quality assessment, and other topics. The journal covers fundamental and translational research in medical imaging, spanning physics, tomographic reconstruction algorithms, computer-aided diagnosis, and more.
SourceSPIE--International Society for Optics and Photonics·JournalJournal of Medical Imaging·DateJun 11, 2014
A key step toward a safer strep vaccine
A recent study has identified a molecular pathway that could lead to a safer and more effective strep vaccine. The research discovered the genes responsible for producing a molecule that defines Group A Streptococcus, which causes over 700 million infections worldwide each year.
New patient empowerment and educational initiatives unveiled at EULAR 2014
New patient empowerment initiatives unveiled at EULAR 2014 aim to reduce treatment costs, improve patient experience and increase patient involvement in treatment decisions. These initiatives include self-monitoring, online learning resources, patient decision aids and video guides.
MU researcher receives $330,000 NSF grant to study African languages
A University of Missouri researcher has received a four-year grant from the National Science Foundation to investigate the complexity of four distinct Luyia varieties in western Kenya. The study aims to document their linguistic properties and promote the value of these languages among their speakers.
The Lancet: UK failing to reduce child and youth deaths as quickly as other wealthy countries
Despite initial progress in reducing child mortality, the UK has fallen behind other wealthy countries over the past four decades. The country's poor performance in addressing non-communicable diseases, particularly among young people, is a major concern, with an estimated 446 excess deaths from NCDs by 2008.
Tree ant family tree reveals ant swimming evolution
Tropical ants have developed swimming abilities to navigate flooded forests, with over 50% of species exhibiting this trait. The ants' swimming techniques, such as using one leg to propel themselves forward and the other for stability, were analyzed in a study published in The Journal of Experimental Biology.
More than just food for koalas -- eucalyptus -- a global tree for fuel and fiber
Researchers have sequenced the Eucalyptus grandis genome to identify genes influencing biomass production and cell wall composition. The study reveals insights into the tree's evolutionary history and adaptation, offering opportunities for accelerating breeding cycles and minimizing environmental impacts.
Health of Hispanic moms and babies a growing concern, new report says
A new report from the March of Dimes reveals that Hispanic women are more likely to have a baby with a neural tube birth defect and nearly a quarter of all preterm births in the US are Hispanic. Thalia, a global ambassador for the organization, is urging Hispanic women to be informed about pregnancy and baby health.
Map of universe questioned; dwarf galaxies don't fit standard model
A new study questions the accepted model of galaxy formation, suggesting that dwarf galaxies may have formed from another galaxy through a tidal interaction. The research criticizes three recent papers that found satellite galaxies to support the standard model, instead finding 'serious issues' with their methods.
SourceRochester Institute of Technology·JournalMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society·DateJun 11, 2014
Diet higher in protein may be linked to lower risk of stroke
A meta-analysis found that people with higher protein diets, especially from fish, may have a lower risk of stroke. The study analyzed data from seven studies involving over 254,000 participants and found that moderate protein intake was associated with a 20% lower risk of stroke.
Going inside an ant raft
Ants use mandibles and legs to create waterproof rafts with strong internal connections. The CT scan reveals that ants can connect with up to 14 neighbors, creating a porous and buoyant structure.
Motherhood is no picnic for sea otter moms
A recent study found that sea otter females must provide 930 MJ of energy to raise a pup to independence, equivalent to 96% increase in daily metabolic rate. This extreme exertion may contribute to poor condition and high mortality rates among sea otter mothers.
Nearby satellite galaxies don't fit standard model
Recent study finds satellite dwarf galaxies in the Milky Way and Andromeda do not behave as predicted by the standard model of galaxy formation. The galaxies are instead found in huge disks, moving in the same direction, like planets in our solar system. This mismatch raises concerns about the accuracy of the standard model of cosmology.
SourceCase Western Reserve University·JournalMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society·DateJun 11, 2014
Sun emits 3 X-class flares in 2 days
The sun experienced three X-class flares in two days, with the third flare peaking at 5:06 a.m. EDT on June 11, 2014. The solar activity was captured by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory and originated from an active region on the sun.
Why aren't product designers considering activity trackers for older adults?
Researchers found usability problems with popular activity trackers among older adult users, including low color contrast, small fonts, and inaccurate step count tracking. The study suggests that companies should market their products directly to this demographic to improve health management.
Gauging local illicit drug use in real time could help police fight abuse
Scientists have developed a new method to analyze sewage and track levels of illicit drug use in local communities in real time. This study found cocaine and byproducts from opioids and hallucinogenic drugs in 93% of untreated wastewater samples.
TB dogma upended: Even uninfected cells trigger immune defenses
Researchers found that even uninfected cells can trigger immune defenses against TB by transferring immune-stimulating proteins from infected dendritic cells. This discovery could lead to more effective vaccines, including the BCG vaccine for TB, which works on a similar principle.
SourceNYU Langone Health / NYU Grossman School of Medicine·JournalCell Host & Microbe·DateJun 11, 2014
It's the last bite that keeps you coming back for more
Research by Emily Garbinsky and colleagues reveals that memories for the last bites of a food drive decisions about when to eat it again. Smaller portion sizes lead to faster repeat consumption. The findings have implications for companies and consumers, suggesting strategies like thinking back to initial bites could encourage re-purch...
American Heart Association conference highlights solutions for reducing sodium intake
The American Heart Association conference highlighted the potential of SODA-LO Salt Microspheres to reduce sodium intake in food products. The ingredient, developed by Tate & Lyle, can lower sodium content by 25-50% in foods such as bread and salty snacks.
New tumor-targeting agent images and treats wide variety of cancers
A new class of tumor-targeting agents can seek out and find dozens of solid tumors, even illuminating brain cancer stem cells that resist current treatments. The agents deliver two types of payloads directly to cancer cells, resulting in direct imaging or treatment.
Weather app puts kids in the pilot seat
A team of OU students created Storm Evader, an iPad app teaching elementary and middle school students about weather patterns by navigating a plane during severe weather events. The app encourages problem-solving and research-based decision-making, appealing to both kids and adults.
Breakthrough study sheds new light on best medication for children with seizures
A recent clinical trial published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that lorazepam and diazepam are equally effective in treating seizures in children. The study, led by Dr. Prashant V. Mahajan, compared outcomes in 273 seizure patients and found no significant differences between the two medications.
SourceWayne State University - Office of the Vice President for Research·JournalJAMA·DateJun 11, 2014
New data clarify relationship between diet and disease activity
New studies have found that daily intake of monounsaturated fatty acids is an independent predictor of remission in patients with RA, while excessive cholesterol levels increase cartilage damage in OA. The Mediterranean diet has been shown to reduce inflammatory activity and improve function in RA patients.
Famine fear won't sway minds on GM crops
A study found that consumers were no more likely to support genetically modified crops for disease resistance when presented with stories of the Irish Potato Famine. Preconceived views about the risks and benefits of agricultural genetic engineering played a significant role in shaping consumer opinions. The research suggests that gene...
Peer influence leads teens to start, stop smoking -- but effect is stronger for starting
Adolescents are more influential in getting friends to start smoking than helping them quit. Nonsmoking friends lack resources to aid quitting efforts, making self-quitting methods less successful.
SourceAmerican Sociological Association·JournalJournal of Health and Social Behavior·DateJun 11, 2014
Improvements in MRIs, other image-detection applications on the horizon
Researchers are developing new terahertz detectors based on carbon nanotubes that can detect light in the terahertz frequency range without cooling. This technology has promising applications in medicine, including cancer screening, and security screenings, as well as food inspection.
Spanish flu-like virus with pandemic potential could emerge in bird populations
Researchers have discovered a bird flu virus with pandemic potential, closely related to the 1918 Spanish flu. The virus, composed of eight gene segments, can cause flu-like symptoms in ferrets and has the potential to spread efficiently among humans if it acquires key mutations.
Sports teams may lose out from having 'too much talent'
Research led by INSEAD Professor Roderick Swaab found that too many individuals with top talent can undermine players' willingness to coordinate, compromising effective teamwork and overall team performance. In contrast, most people believe that piling on more top talent is the key to team success.
Making new species without sex
Scientists at Max Planck Institute have successfully generated new plant species through grafting, allowing for the transfer of entire genetic material between two species. The resulting plants exhibit improved growth rates and increased fitness compared to their parent species.
Poor cardiovascular health linked to memory, learning deficits
A study found that people with poor cardiovascular health are more likely to experience cognitive decline, including learning and memory problems. Researchers analyzed data from 17,761 individuals aged 45 and older, finding that those with the lowest cardiovascular health scores had impaired cognitive function.
Contextuality puts the 'magic' in quantum computing
A new paper reveals that contextuality is key to unlocking quantum computers' exponential computational power. Researchers use contextuality to design better algorithms and build more reliable quantum systems.
Fungal protein found to cross blood-brain barrier
A fungal protein has been found to cross the blood-brain barrier, allowing it to infect the brain and cause deadly meningitis. This discovery opens up new avenues for treating brain infections and cancers by targeting the protein or using it as a drug delivery system.
Having authoritarian parents increases the risk of drug use in adolescents
A study by the European Institute of Studies on Prevention found that authoritarian parents increase the risk of drug use in adolescents. The research analyzed six European countries and discovered that both authoritative and indulgent parental styles equally protect against substance use.
SourceSpanish Foundation for Science and Technology·JournalDrug and Alcohol Dependence·DateJun 11, 2014
Dormant viruses re-emerge in patients with lingering sepsis
A new study reveals that late-stage sepsis triggers the reactivation of dormant viruses in the body, leading to secondary infections. Researchers found that 43% of sepsis patients had multiple viruses detected in their blood or urine.
Forest loss starves fish
Research reveals that debris from forests supplements the diets of microscopic zooplankton and fish that feed on them, leading to larger and stronger fish. The study found that areas with more forest cover have fatter fish, while those with less forest cover have smaller and weaker fish.
Elucidating optimal biological tissue shape during growth
Researchers found biological tissues exhibit optimal shape at finite time before decreasing, approaching a disk or sphere for large tissues. The study models cell alignment and forces to explain tissue elongation.
Foaling mares are totally relaxed -- no stress
Foaling mares in horses show minimal stress response during labor, contrary to human mothers. The study, published in Theriogenology, suggests that the parasympathetic nervous system plays a dominant role in regulating foaling, allowing for a state of relaxation and calmness.
Expert CLABSI guidance adds real world implementation strategies
The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America releases practical recommendations to help acute care hospitals prioritize prevention efforts and reduce central-line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). The guidance includes evidence-based strategies such as engaging healthcare personnel, educating staff, and standardizing c...
SourceSociety for Healthcare Epidemiology of America·JournalInfection Control and Hospital Epidemiology·DateJun 11, 2014
Study of white sharks in the northwest Atlantic offers optimistic outlook for recovery
A new study provides an updated picture of white shark distribution and abundance patterns in the western North Atlantic Ocean, showing signs of population recovery. The analysis of over 200 years of records suggests that white sharks are more common along coastal waters than offshore areas.
New paper amplifies hypothesis on human language's deep origins
Researchers propose that human language evolved by integrating finite-state components from birdsong and primate communication systems. This 'integration hypothesis' suggests that the melodic part of human language comes from birdsong and the pragmatic parts from primates, with these elements combining around 100,000 years ago.
Cristina now a hurricane, NASA's TRMM satellite sees heavy rainfall within
Heavy rainfall was observed in Tropical Storm Cristina by NASA's TRMM satellite before intensification into a hurricane. The storm is expected to strengthen further with ideal environmental conditions.
Guarding against 'Carmageddon' cyberattacks
Researchers at Vanderbilt University are developing tools to identify and counter cyber attacks on smart transportation systems, which could mitigate the impact of a potential 'Carmageddon' attack. The goal is to create algorithms that can automatically detect intrusions and take effective steps to counteract them.
New study finds Internet not responsible for dying newspapers
A recent study by University of Chicago Booth School of Business Professor Matthew Gentzkow challenges the notion that the internet is responsible for the decline of newspapers. The research highlights three false premises in assumptions about journalism and finds that online ad rates are often compared incorrectly.
SourceUniversity of Chicago Booth School of Business·JournalAmerican Economic Review·DateJun 11, 2014
Romosozumab signif increases bone mineral density and bone content compared with teriparatide
A phase II study shows romosozumab significantly increases bone mineral density and bone content in the spine and hip compared to teriparatide and placebo. Romosozumab stimulates bone formation and decreases resorption by inhibiting sclerostin, a promising new treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Higher disease activity scores in obese RA patients
A recent EULAR study found that obese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have higher disease activity scores than non-obese patients, irrespective of their disease stage. This suggests that treatment to target protocols may result in obese patients being treated more aggressively than non-obese patients.
Gigantic explosions buried in dust
Scientists have used ALMA to detect radio emission from molecular gas in two dark LGRB hosts, revealing a dust-rich environment with low molecular gas levels. This supports the hypothesis that dust absorbs afterglow radiation, causing dark gamma-ray bursts.
Infant nutrition and development of type 1 diabetes
A large-scale study of over 2,100 infants found that delaying exposure to complex foreign proteins in cow's milk does not reduce the risk of developing type 1 diabetes. The study, led by Professor Mikael Knip, explored whether an early dietary modification could affect the disease process.
Company man or family man? Fatherhood and identity in the office
A study by Beth Humberd and colleagues found that working fathers juggle four primary images of themselves as fathers, influenced by work demands and interactions with colleagues. The findings suggest that employers must acknowledge the changing role of men in fatherhood and support their caregiving responsibilities.
UTMB surgeon receives global award in burn care
Dr. Herndon has made significant contributions to burn care, including discoveries related to metabolic responses and increased caloric needs after burns. He is recognized as one of the elite surgeons globally, with numerous publications and a prestigious award from the International Burn Foundation.
A common hypertension treatment may reduce PTSD symptoms
Researchers at Emory University discovered that individuals diagnosed with PTSD treated with ARBs or ACE inhibitors exhibited fewer PTSD-like symptoms. The study found that the medication losartan enhanced fear memory extinction, a process disrupted in individuals with PTSD.
Biosimilar CT-P13 matches infliximab in improving ankylosing spondylitis disease activity
New data show that biosimilar CT-P13 achieves statistically similar improvements in disease activity, disability, and mobility in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis compared to its original reference product infliximab. The results demonstrate comparable efficacy and safety for CT-P13 as an alternative treatment option.
Infant immune systems learn fast, but have short memories
A new Cornell University study reveals that infants' immune systems respond quickly to infection but struggle to create long-lasting immunity, leaving them vulnerable to illnesses. Researchers hope to design more effective vaccines and therapeutic interventions using this knowledge.
Study identifies risk factors for hospital readmissions
Researchers at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center identified risk factors for hospital readmission in stroke patients, including prior diagnoses of congestive heart failure and cancer. The study found that stroke severity and number of hospitalizations within the year prior to admission were also significant predictors of readmission.
Toward 24-7 glucose monitoring to help manage diabetes
Scientists have developed a new glucose-sensing protein to help prevent complications associated with dropping or spiking blood-sugar levels in diabetes. The protein, engineered to be stable and detect glucose levels within the range present in people with diabetes, could enable continuous monitoring.
What's the best way for toddlers to acquire verb meaning?
Researchers at Northwestern University discovered that toddlers can successfully learn novel verbs after hearing them only twice, as long as the verb is 'packaged' in a complete sentence. The study showed that presenting verbs in sentences with familiar nouns supports toddlers' abilities to apply the new words in novel contexts.
Genome could unlock eucalyptus potential for paper, fuel and fiber
Scientists have completed the eucalyptus genome sequence, revealing insights into plant growth rate, wood hardness, and flowering. This breakthrough enables researchers to enhance or suppress traits in the tree for improved biomass yield and stress tolerance.
Study shows Deepwater Horizon crude oil impairs swimming performance of juvenile mahi-mahi
A new study led by the University of Miami Rosenstiel School found that Deepwater Horizon crude oil exposure harms mahi-mahi swimming capabilities, affecting survival and foraging abilities. The study revealed a 22-37% decrease in swimming velocity among juvenile fish exposed to oil.
SourceUniversity of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science·JournalEnvironmental Science & Technology·DateJun 11, 2014
Viewing deeper into the quantum world
Researchers at ICFO have demonstrated a nonlinear interferometer that can measure tiny magnetization with improved sensitivity. This breakthrough confirms theoretical predictions and paves the way for more accurate quantum measurements.
One-third of psoriatic arthritis patients are not receiving optimal dosing of adalimumab
A study found that nearly three-quarters of PsA patients were on doses lower than recommended for infliximab, while a third of those on adalimumab had trough concentrations below the optimal level. Despite this, low dosing showed reasonable efficacy in both treatments.
Canadian physicians lack knowledge and confidence about breastfeeding
A national research project found Canadian physicians' breastfeeding knowledge was suboptimal, with deficits in techniques, latch, and recommendations. Factors associated with higher knowledge and confidence included being female, between 30-50 years old, and having personal breastfeeding experience.
SourceChildren's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute·JournalJournal of Human Lactation·DateJun 11, 2014
Coordinated intervention reduced prevalence of drug-resistant CRE in long-term care
A nationwide effort in Israel reduced CRE cases by improving infection control standards and using a coordinated intervention focused on long-term care facilities. The study found a direct correlation between hospitals with high infection control scores and lower CRE carriage risk, resulting in a 25% decrease in carrier prevalence.
SourceSociety for Healthcare Epidemiology of America·JournalInfection Control and Hospital Epidemiology·DateJun 11, 2014
Does dad matter? New study looks at his environmental exposure in reproductive success
A new three-year study led by environmental health scientist Richard Pilsner examines the possible influence of paternal phthalate exposure on sperm quality and embryo development. The research aims to determine if a father's environmental health contributes to reproductive success and how this is transmitted to offspring.
Are Quebecers irrationally opposed to shale gas?
A University of Montreal study reveals that Quebecers' opposition to shale gas is driven by a strong sense of egalitarianism, which skews their perception of the issue. Egalitarians are more likely to perceive risks related to hydraulic fracturing methods, while individualists focus on benefits.
Researchers uncover common heart drug's link to diabetes
Researchers discovered a specific immune response triggered by statins that impairs insulin function, increasing the risk of diabetes. Combining statins with another medication may suppress this side effect, offering potential new targets for minimizing adverse effects.
Racism in healthcare linked to poor mental health
A VicHealth-funded survey found that nearly all Aboriginal Australians experienced racism in the past year, with racism in healthcare settings linked to high psychological distress. The study highlights the need for urgent action to address racism in healthcare and promote better mental health outcomes for Indigenous Australians.
EULAR driving research and innovation in rheumatic and RMDs in Europe
EULAR has achieved recognition for Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases from the European Commission's Horizon 2020 initiative. The organization also launched the Foundation for Research in Rheumatology, FOREUM, which has awarded grant funding to four osteoarthritis projects.
Content kingmaker -- quality or webpage position?
A study by USC researchers found that webpage position significantly impacts collective judgments about content, leading to biased recommendations. Ordering content by recency of recommendation reduces these biases, allowing for more accurate assessments of user interest.
Findings may advance iron-rich, cadmium-free crops
A Cornell-led study describes an important role of a protein called OPT3 in maintaining balance of essential micronutrient iron in plants. The research found that OPT3 transports iron and regulates its concentration to partition cadmium away from edible plant parts.
Insights into the geometry of genetic coding
Researchers from RIKEN and the University of Tokyo identified a surprising mechanism for accurate protein synthesis through crystallographic studies. The enzyme alanyl-tRNA synthetase precisely identifies proper tRNA molecules using a geometric feature, allowing cells to accurately translate genetic code into essential proteins.
China today: Culprit, victim or last best hope for a global ecological civilisation?
China faces both criticisms and accolades for its environmental record, being both the largest polluter and the country leading in cleaning up pollution. Dr. Joachim H. Spangenberg suggests three fields of action to help China reduce its climate footprint and accumulated debt within a decade.
SourcePensoft Publishers·JournalBIORISK – Biodiversity and Ecosystem Risk Assessment·DateJun 11, 2014
Targeted mass killings can be prevented
Experts disagree with comments on mass shootings, stating that there is a critical difference between prediction and prevention. Misconceptions about mass murder behavior are linked to ongoing research efforts and public education, while pre-incident behaviors and warning signs can be misread or overlooked.
MRI brain scans detect people with early Parkinson's
Researchers at the University of Oxford have developed a simple and quick MRI technique that can detect people with early-stage Parkinson's disease with 85% accuracy. The new approach uses resting-state fMRI to analyze brain connectivity in the basal ganglia, identifying those who are at risk before symptoms appear.
Newly discovered paddle prints show how ancient sea reptiles swam
Researchers from the University of Bristol and China studied trackways formed on an ancient seabed to determine how nothosaurs, marine reptiles that lived during the age of dinosaurs, propelled themselves through water. The evidence suggests that these creatures moved over the seafloor by rowing their forelimbs in unison.
PTSD, major depressive episode appears to increase risk of preterm birth
A study of 2,654 pregnant women found that PTSD and a major depressive episode were associated with a four-fold increased risk of preterm birth. The risk appears independent of antidepressant or benzodiazepine medication use.
MGH/Ragon Institute study finds how protein blocks HIV life cycle in elite controllers
Researchers at MGH and Ragon Institute identified how p21, a tumor suppressor protein, blocks HIV reverse transcription in CD4 T cells. This mechanism contributes to the natural control of HIV infection in elite controllers without drug treatment.
Guidelines needed for creating germ cells in vitro, Cornell, JAX scientists state
Researchers propose benchmarks to substantiate successful in vitro development of germline cells in mouse models. They emphasize the need for rigorous scientific standards due to the critical role of germ cells in reproduction.
Zebrafish model helps identify compound that reverses a lethal form of cardiomyopathy
A zebrafish model has identified a drug compound that appears to reverse arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), a hereditary disease leading to sudden death in young people. The findings provide a key first step in developing new therapies for this condition, for which there is currently no preventive treatment.
Lawrence Livermore Lab awarded $5.6 million to develop next-generation neural devices
The Lawrence Livermore Laboratory will develop an implantable neural interface to record and stimulate neurons in the brain for treating neuropsychiatric disorders such as PTSD and TBI. The device is part of DARPA's SUBNETS program and aims to provide a revolutionary treatment option for patients suffering from these conditions.
Gum disease bacteria selectively disarm immune system, Penn study finds
Researchers discover periodontal bacteria selectively disarm immune system, promoting dysbiosis and bone loss. The study reveals a two-pronged mechanism involving protein receptors C5aR and TLR2, which protects 'bystander' gum bacteria from clearance.
Researchers find weird magic ingredient for quantum computing
A new study from the University of Waterloo's Institute for Quantum Computing reveals that contextuality is a necessary resource for achieving the advantages of quantum computation. Researchers have confirmed theoretically that contextuality is required for building a universal quantum computer.
Weight loss critical to reducing cardiovascular risk in obese OSA patients
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine reveals that weight loss is the single most important factor for improving cardiovascular health in obese obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Weight loss alone significantly reduced inflammation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure.
SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateJun 11, 2014
Researchers identify regulation process of protein linked to bipolar disorder
A study published in Science Signaling reveals that calcium channels in resting neurons activate the breakdown of Sp4, a transcription factor regulating gene expression. The research suggests that misregulation of Sp4 may contribute to the development of bipolar disorder.
A somatic embryogenesis system to propagate pine hybrids able to tolerate water stress
Researchers at Neiker-Tecnalia and SCION have successfully developed a somatic embryogenesis system to propagate pine hybrids that can withstand water stress. This method enables the rapid production of high-quality trees with improved tolerance to drought conditions, making them ideal for reforestation in dry climates.
Frailty can help predict complications, death in older trauma patients
A two-year study found that frailty using the Frailty Index can predict in-hospital complications and mortality in older trauma patients. The study enrolled 250 patients aged 65 and above, with 44% meeting the frailty criteria.
Migrating north may trigger immediate health declines among Mexicans
A Princeton University study reveals that recent Mexican migrants are more likely to experience rapid changes in health, both good and bad, than other groups. The study found that the health of recent migrants was about 60% more likely to worsen within a one- or two-year period.
First biomarkers found to predict severe osteoarthritis
A study identifies three microRNAs as biomarkers for predicting severe osteoarthritis, allowing for early detection and preventative measures. The findings could significantly reduce the socio-economic burden of the disease.
Manipulating and detecting ultrahigh frequency sound waves
Researchers have demonstrated a technique for producing acoustic phonons at 10 GHz, promising unprecedented resolution for acoustic imaging. The team used nanostructures to generate and detect the phonons, which can be used to 'see' subsurface structures in nanoscale systems.
New guidance on how and when to stop immunosuppressants in lupus patients
Lupus patients can successfully stop immunosuppressant therapy without triggering a flare by slowing down the tapering process and checking for positive serology. The study found that within two years, about 70% of clinically stable patients were able to stop their medication.
Chemical sensor on a chip
A new type of sensor has been developed at the Vienna University of Technology using miniaturized laser technology, allowing for the analysis of liquids and gases. The sensor can measure the composition of liquids with an accuracy of 0.06%, opening up potential applications in chemical, biological, and medical analytics.
Leukemia drug found to stimulate immunity against many cancer types
A class of leukemia drug has been found to stimulate immunity against multiple cancer types. Inhibiting the p110δ enzyme helps boost the body's immune system to kill tumor cells.
Study finds cognitive performance can be improved in teens months, years after traumatic brain injury
A new study published in Frontiers in Neurology found that eight-session gist-reasoning training can significantly improve higher-order thinking and other key frontal lobe functions in chronic recovery stages. Participants showed improved abstraction of meanings, executive functions, and memory for facts.
Genes found in nature yield 1918-like virus with pandemic potential
A team of researchers has identified eight genes from influenza viruses isolated from wild ducks that possess genetic similarities to the 1918 pandemic flu virus. The new study shows that these gene pools have the potential to cause a severe pandemic in the future if combined with other viral components.