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Science News for May 8, 2014


Extinct kitten-sized hunter discovered

A Case Western Reserve University student and his mentor have discovered an ancient kitten-sized predator that lived in Bolivia about 13 million years ago. The animal would have been about the size of a marten and probably filled the same ecological niche as larger sparassodonts.

SourceCase Western Reserve University·JournalJournal of Vertebrate Paleontology·DateMay 8, 2014

Few women at high-risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer receive genetic counseling

A recent study published in the Journal of Community Genetics found that only one in twenty-two high-risk women received BRCA genetic counseling. Despite having a diverse population, no significant differences were associated with factors like age, race, or family size. The researchers urge providers and patients to be more aware of th...

SourceVirginia Commonwealth University·JournalJournal of Community Genetics·DateMay 8, 2014

Study helps explain why MS is more common in women

Researchers found that females susceptible to MS produce higher levels of the blood vessel receptor protein S1PR2 than males, leading to the inflammation that causes MS. The study's findings have implications for developing new treatments, including a drug that disables S1PR2.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·DateMay 8, 2014

Low-carbohydrate diet reduced inflammation

A low-carbohydrate diet was found to significantly reduce inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes, whereas a traditional low-fat diet showed no similar effect. After six months, the low-carb group exhibited reduced levels of inflammatory markers and improved glucose control.

SourceLinköping University·JournalAnnals of Medicine·DateMay 8, 2014

What doesn't kill you may make you live longer

Researchers at McGill University found that free radicals stimulate a molecular mechanism that increases cell defenses and promotes longevity. The study used the roundworm C. elegans as a model organism and found that elevating free radical generation induced a substantially longer life.

SourceMcGill University·JournalCell·DateMay 8, 2014

Hurricanes Katrina and Rita may have caused up to half of recorded stillbirths in worst hit areas

Research published in the Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health found that hurricanes Katrina and Rita may have been responsible for up to half of all recorded stillbirths in the worst hit areas. The study suggested that the true fetal death toll may even be higher due to the displacement of people from devastated areas.

SourceBMJ Group·JournalJournal of Epidemiology and Community Health·DateMay 8, 2014

Small mutation changes brain freeze to hot foot

Researchers identified a single-letter change in DNA that turns cold-sensitive TRP ion channels into heat-activated ones, offering potential for more specific pain relievers with less severe side effects. The study could lead to the development of analgesic compounds to treat chronic pain by targeting temperature-sensitive molecules.

SourceDuke University·JournalNeuron·DateMay 8, 2014

Breakthrough made at Max F. Perutz Laboratories

Researchers at the Max F. Perutz Laboratories have developed a method for generating specific and inheritable mutations in the marine bristle worm Platynereis, enabling detailed in vivo functional analyses and advancing research in neurobiology, chronobiology, evolutionary developmental biology, and marine biology.

SourceUniversity of Vienna·JournalGenetics·DateMay 8, 2014

Antibiotic resistance genes are essentially everywhere

Researchers discovered antibiotic resistance genes in all 71 environments tested, including soil, oceans, and human feces. The most common types of resistance uncovered were efflux pumps and genes conferring resistance to vancomycin, tetracycline, or beta-lactam antibiotics.

SourceCell Press·JournalCurrent Biology·DateMay 8, 2014

Lethal parasite evolved from pond scum

A genomic investigation by University of British Columbia researchers has revealed that a lethal parasite infecting a wide range of insects originated from pond scum. The parasite, Helicosporidium, has shed its green past on its evolutionary journey, losing almost all its genes except those required for photosynthesis.

SourceUniversity of British Columbia·JournalPLOS Genetics·DateMay 8, 2014

Single cell genome sequencing of malaria parasites

Researchers have created a novel method for isolating and genome sequencing individual malaria parasite cells, allowing for a better understanding of the complex interactions between parasites and their hosts. This breakthrough could lead to more effective drug design and vaccine development, tackling the major global killer malaria.

SourceCold Spring Harbor Laboratory·JournalGenome Research·DateMay 8, 2014

JCI online ahead of print table of contents for May 8, 2014

A new study reveals that leptin acts directly on neurons in the preoptic region of the hypothalamus to regulate peripheral levels of leutinizing hormone, essential for reproduction. The study demonstrates that leptin communicates the status of peripheral energy stores to GnRH-releasing neurons via the preoptic hypothalamus.

SourceJCI Journals·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·DateMay 8, 2014

Implantable device to beat high blood pressure

Researchers have developed an implantable device that successfully reduced blood pressure in rats by 40% without major side effects. The device targets the vagal nerve to stimulate baroreceptors, controlling short-term blood pressure fluctuations.

SourceIOP Publishing·JournalJournal of Neural Engineering·DateMay 8, 2014

Universal neuromuscular training an inexpensive, effective way to reduce

Researchers found that universal neuromuscular training for high school and college-age athletes significantly reduced ACL injuries by 63%. The study also showed that implementing such a program would save an average of $275 per player, per season in injury-related costs, making it a cost-effective preventative measure.

SourceAmerican Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons·JournalJournal of Bone and Joint Surgery·DateMay 8, 2014

Collaboration between psychologists and physicians important to improving primary health care

A partnership between psychologists and physicians can produce a comprehensive, integrated personal care plan that includes attention to mental and medical disorders. The collaboration can help improve diagnosis, address substance abuse issues, and incorporate health behavior change, leading to better primary health care outcomes.

SourceAmerican Psychological Association·JournalAmerican Psychologist·DateMay 8, 2014

Partisan media driving a wedge between citizens, study finds

A recent study by Ohio State University found that viewing partisan news from both conservative and liberal viewpoints does not increase acceptance of citizens on the other side of the political fence. Instead, it amplifies polarization, making people more critical of opposing views and less accepting of those who hold them.

SourceOhio State University·JournalHuman Communication Research·DateMay 8, 2014

Anti-aging factor offers brain boost too

Researchers found that a variant of the KLOTHO gene not only has anti-aging effects but also enhances brain function by increasing klotho levels. The improvements occur regardless of age, with beneficial effects observed in aging mice as well as young animals.

SourceCell Press·JournalCell Reports·DateMay 8, 2014

One in 25 middle school children binge drinking

A new study from the University of Toronto found that one in 25 middle school children in Canada binge drink, with those having three or more chronic conditions facing twice the risk. Youth with mood disorders are also three times as likely to binge drink, highlighting the need for targeted prevention strategies.

SourceUniversity of Toronto·JournalISRN Public Health·DateMay 8, 2014

Fueling aviation with hardwoods

A multi-university team has developed a technology to transform lignocellulosic biomass into a jet fuel surrogate via catalytic chemistry. The proposed approach could potentially produce aviation fuels at a cost of $2.88 per gallon, making it a promising alternative to traditional petroleum-derived fuels.

SourceSyracuse University·JournalEnergy & Environmental Science·DateMay 8, 2014

Mummy-making wasps discovered in Ecuador

Twenty-four new species of Aleiodes wasps were discovered in the cloud forests of Ecuador, mummifying caterpillars in an unusual way. These small organisms have a significant impact on forest ecology by controlling plant-feeding caterpillar populations, helping to sustain biodiversity.

SourcePensoft Publishers·JournalZooKeys·DateMay 8, 2014

Researching an endangered relationship

New Jersey Institute of Technology researchers are investigating how climate change may disrupt the vital relationship between bees and plants, which could lead to poor crop pollination and lower yields. The study, supported by a $150,000 grant from the National Science Foundation, aims to understand how temperature changes may affect ...

GaitTrack app makes cellphone a medical monitor for heart and lung patients

Researchers developed GaitTrack app that uses eight motion parameters to analyze a person's walking pattern, providing valuable insights into cardiopulmonary, muscular, and neurological health. The app has shown promising results in monitoring chronic lung disease patients, predicting lung function with high accuracy.

SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·JournalTelemedicine and e-Health·DateMay 8, 2014