Articles tagged with Viral Infections
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A study found that chronic CMV infection is associated with frailty in older women, particularly those with high levels of inflammatory markers. The research highlights the importance of understanding the causes of frailty and developing potential treatments to improve outcomes for aging populations.
A recent analysis found that U.S. adults could save up to $8.8 billion per year by using generic drugs instead of brand-name drugs. Additionally, a study on Gulf War veterans revealed four more common health conditions among those who served in the conflict compared to non-deployed individuals.
Researchers found that cranberry juice inhibited the attachment of intestinal viruses to red blood cells and infected host cells. The study suggests a potential antiviral effect of cranberry juice on selected intestinal animal viral disease-producing agents, but human trials are needed to confirm its benefits.
A virus can adapt the host's gene silencing machinery to evade the immune response by using microRNAs to silence a key protein target. This finding bolsters evidence that microRNAs play important roles in infected cells, challenging the long-held notion of their sole role as an antiviral defense mechanism.
Researchers found that Varroa mites reduce bee immunity by suppressing the production of chemicals that sterilize honey, allowing bacteria to increase. This combination with deformed wing virus is causing two-week death collapses in hives across the US.
Researchers at UQ's IMB have discovered a new pathway for particle and nutrient uptake into cells, which is vitally important for cellular survival. This finding presents unexplored avenues for developing new drugs to fight certain viral infections and opening up possibilities for drug delivery or gene therapy.
A new study found that peginterferon-alfa-2b with ribavirin was well-tolerated and yielded a sustained viral response in 59% of children with chronic hepatitis C. Patients infected via needle or with normal liver enzyme levels responded better to treatment.
Researchers identified 18 genes that predict which patients will respond to Hepatitis C treatment, offering a potential simple blood test for early diagnosis. The study found that these genes are key to the body's ability to eliminate the virus.
Researchers at Yale University have identified a molecule that detects parasitic infections in humans, shedding light on how the body recognizes parasites. The discovery of Toxoplasma profilin and TLR11 provides crucial information for developing novel strategies to combat parasitic infections.
Researchers have developed an infection-fighting antibody that successfully cures disease in mice infected with West Nile virus, even when the virus had entered their brains. The monoclonal antibody was several hundred times more potent than natural antibodies and completely protected mice against death.
Scientists have discovered a humanized monoclonal antibody that can boost survival rates of infected mice to 90% or higher. The antibody, produced by Macrogenics Inc., has potential utility against other infectious diseases and could help develop new treatments for related viruses like dengue fever.
Researchers at UTMB developed a method called PMCA to produce infectious prions in test tubes, causing TSE symptoms in healthy hamsters. The breakthrough confirms the prion hypothesis and opens doors for new surveillance techniques and blood tests for mad cow disease.
Three marine phages, sequenced from cyanobacteria in low-nutrient oceans, exhibit genes adapted for infecting photosynthetic bacteria. These genes may help the host maintain photosynthesis during infection, and could influence phage ecology and range.
Researchers find specific shapes of amyloid fibrils, not amino acid sequences, determine prion infectivity across species. This breakthrough offers insights into the mechanisms behind prion diseases and potential transmission between previously separate animals.
A new vaccine targeting HPV types 16 and 18, responsible for 70% of cervical cancers and 90% of genital warts, has shown significant effectiveness in reducing persistent infection and disease. The vaccine was 100% effective against precancerous lesions and genital warts associated with these four HPV types.
Researchers found that 12.9% of wild chimpanzees carry Ebola virus antibodies, indicating regular contact with the animal reservoir and non-fatal infections. Dogs also carry the virus, with high antibody prevalence near epidemic foci, suggesting they could become a potential source of infection for humans.
A recent study found that obesity in mice significantly impairs their immune response to influenza infection, leading to a 40% mortality rate compared to lean mice. The research suggests that humans with obesity may also be at increased risk for severe outcomes from influenza.
Researchers found that short-term stress in mice enhanced their immune reaction to influenza, leading to faster and more successful recovery. This discovery has broad implications for vaccine development, suggesting new strategies could be developed to boost immunity against influenza and potentially other diseases.
A study of 127 young women found that those who developed physically later were more likely to contract HPV, chlamydia, and bacterial vaginosis. Younger, more sexually mature teens had lower infection rates due to higher estrogen levels.
Researchers explore non-surgical options for treating cervical disease, including chemoprevention and HPV vaccines, which delay or prevent cancer development. These methods allow for monitoring of infected tissues through colposcopy, providing a safer alternative to surgery.
Researchers developed plant-derived antibodies that protect against anthrax infection, providing immediate protection and a safe alternative to traditional vaccination methods. The plant-produced antibodies can be used before or after exposure and are stable for long periods, making them an attractive solution for stockpiling.
Researchers at NYU studied the body's response to viral encephalitis and found that neurons are sensitive to protective effects of type I interferons. Interferons induce pathways to fight the virus' spread but can be ineffective in certain stages, leaving infected neurons vulnerable.
Phage nucleic acid transport poses a fascinating biophysical problem. Researchers used fluorescently labeled phage DNA to investigate the dynamics of DNA ejection from single phages, demonstrating that release is not an all-or-none process but rather a complex and stepwise process.
Researchers discovered a retrovirus in the chimp and gorilla genome that didn't appear in human DNA. The virus, which affected ape species between three to four million years ago, may have driven evolutionary changes in chimps and gorillas.
Researchers have successfully replicated the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a laboratory setting using a new in vitro model system. The system allows for the study of HCV therapeutics and the entire virus life cycle, including replication, assembly, and release from host cells.
Researchers found significantly higher risks of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma among HCV patients in Sweden. The risk increases with the duration of HCV infection, suggesting that long-lasting infection may contribute to cancer development.
A nested case-control study found that higher HBV viral loads were associated with increased liver cancer risk in Taiwanese men. Genotype C was also linked to a five-fold increased risk of HCC, with effects exacerbated by high viral load levels.
A study found that rats infected with E. coli as newborns had impaired memory in adult life when exposed to an immune challenge. The researchers suggested that this may be due to altered cytokine production and changes in brain architecture, potentially linking early-life infections to later disease susceptibility.
Researchers developed a novel antiviral treatment using RNA interference to inhibit respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in mice. The treatment, administered as a nasal drop or spray, successfully suppressed the virus's NS1 protein, preserving the host's natural antiviral defense.
A new coronavirus has been found in children with symptoms of Kawasaki disease, a condition that also affects the lungs. The virus was detected in 73% of Kawasaki patients but only 5% of healthy children.
A recent study by Indiana University School of Medicine found that nearly all sexually active adolescent females aged 14-17 were infected with the human papillomavirus. The researchers also discovered that many of these participants had multiple HPV types, which are associated with an increased risk for cervical cancer.
A recent study explores the issue of antibiotic misuse, finding that more than half of patients in the US are taking unnecessary antibiotics for colds and flu. The study aims to educate providers and patients on proper use of antibiotics, highlighting the risks of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Research suggests a common viral lineage among viruses infecting hosts from all three domains of life, based on structural similarities in their coats. The study found that these similarities may point to sites of enzymatic activity that could be targeted with anti-viral drugs.
Researchers have successfully grown the mouse norovirus MNV-1 in cells from mice with defective immune systems. This breakthrough enables scientists to study the virus and may lead to the development of a vaccine target, as it has already revealed an essential part of the capsid protein crucial for disease-causing ability.
Researchers have found that certain antipsychotic drugs can prevent brain cells from becoming infected with the JC virus, which causes PML. The discovery opens up new avenues for therapy and may lead to effective treatments or prevention methods.
Scientists found that myostatin, a protein limiting muscle growth, is overproduced during PRRSV infection, resulting in reduced skeletal muscle growth and weight gain. This could be a substantial cost for pig producers.
Jefferson scientists discovered that certain parts of the silver-haired bat rabies virus, specifically its glycoprotein cover, enable it to infect the brain rapidly. The researchers found that this type of rabies is capable of evading the immune system more effectively than other strains, making it a key factor in viral pathogenesis.
A recent study published in Hepatology found that occult HBV infection is prevalent in adult hemodialysis patients, with a rate four to five times higher than standard HBsAg testing. The majority of infections were associated with low viral loads and the sG145R-mutant.
The SARS outbreak highlighted the importance of preparedness and response in hospitals. Quarantine strategies proved ineffective as most cases were acquired in hospital settings. In contrast, Taiwan successfully replaced quarantine with better preparedness for future pandemics.
A team of researchers has identified three genetic suppressors of RNA silencing in plants, which are crucial for combating citrus tristeza virus (CTV) infections. These viral suppressors can be targeted by genetically engineering virus-resistant citrus trees, offering a promising approach to disease control and reducing economic losses.
A study of nearly 400 African-American patients found that weight-based REBETOL dosing with PEG-INTRON improved viral clearance and reduced relapse rates compared to a flat dose. The treatment showed promise in improving outcomes for this patient population, which has historically had lower response rates to hepatitis C therapy.
Research in British Columbia found a seventeen-fold higher risk of diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma in HCV-infected patients. The study confirmed the viral-cancer link, previously suspected in studies from other regions with higher hepatitis C prevalence.
Researchers discover that adding a single gene from the 1918 virus to a benign strain of influenza can transform it into a highly virulent form. This finding supports the idea that the 1918 Spanish flu virus was inherently more dangerous and provides insight into its transmission among humans.
Research suggests that early life stress can alter the developing immune system, making it more vulnerable to diseases like multiple sclerosis. Infant mice subjected to maternal separation showed increased virus levels and impaired recovery from infection compared to non-separated mice.
Harvard University scientists have developed nanowire detectors that can identify single viruses using specific receptors, offering a highly sensitive solution for diagnostics and biosafety. The technology has the potential to detect viral infections at early stages and distinguish between different strains and variants.
Researchers at the Center for Internet Epidemiology and Defenses will measure and analyze live Internet epidemics to develop robust defense mechanisms. They plan to construct large-scale monitoring instruments to provide early warning of incipient outbreaks and craft practical solutions to counteract new outbreaks.
A population-based case-control study found no association between SV40 exposure and increased risk of NHL. SV40 seropositivity was detected in 7-10% of patients and less than 2% of controls, indicating a possible cross-reactivity with related human polyomaviruses.
A study of Japanese children with influenza treated with oseltamivir found nearly 20% produced mutant drug-resistant viruses within four days. The study highlights the risk of rapid emergence of resistant flu viruses, threatening a line of defense against deadly diseases.
Researchers at Purdue University have created a movie of the T4 virus infection process, revealing conformational changes in the baseplate that enable scientists to visualize the infection process. This improved understanding could lead to deeper insights into viral behavior and potential gene therapy techniques for human patients.
Eleven organ transplant recipients were hospitalized with West Nile virus encephalitis, developing neurological damage and some surviving despite significant problems. The study highlights the risk of WNV infection in immunosuppressed individuals receiving long-term immune system-suppressing drugs.
Researchers found that preschoolers exposed to common childhood infections are less likely to develop Hodgkin's lymphoma in adulthood. This contradicts previous studies linking high socioeconomic status and delayed infection with the Epstein-Barr virus to increased disease risk.
Scientists at UCSF created a large fragment of the normal prion protein, which they then folded into an abnormal shape to induce infection. The study demonstrates that misfolding a particular segment of the normal prion protein is sufficient to transform it into infectious prions. This finding provides new insights into spontaneous pri...
Researchers at NIH/National Institute on Aging created synthetic prions that caused neurological disease in mice, distinct from other strains of prions. The study sheds light on the conversion process leading to dementing diseases like Creutzfeldt-Jakob and Alzheimer's.
Neglected diseases, such as onchocerciasis and Chagas' disease, can be controlled with cost-effective interventions. Investing in these efforts could bring long-lasting benefits and reduce morbidity, particularly for children, if done efficiently from Global Fund resources.
A University of Toronto study found that West Nile virus encephalitis is a common neurological manifestation in hospitalized patients, often leading to severe neuromuscular dysfunction. The study's authors recommend electrodiagnostic testing for unexplained weakness and critically ill patients to rule out acute flaccid paralysis syndrome.
Researchers have discovered that Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) plays a crucial role in coordinating the immune response to viral infections. In this study, Dr. Marco Colonna and colleagues found that TLR9 recognizes viruses in immune cells and activates natural killer cell responses.
Researchers found that lung transplant patients who develop community-acquired respiratory viral infections are at twice the risk of developing bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Additionally, a study identified unique tumor signatures that can predict lung cancer death within 12 months with an accuracy rate of 87%.
The NIAID is conducting a clinical trial to test the safety and effectiveness of Omr-IgG-am, an antibody-based product derived from Israeli donors, in treating West Nile virus infection. The study aims to provide preliminary data on the treatment's effectiveness against encephalitis, a brain inflammation caused by WNV infection.
A call has been made to invest in preventing 'neglected diseases' such as onchocerciasis and Chagas' disease, which can be controlled or eliminated with proven interventions. Investing a fraction of the annual requirements of the Global Fund could bring long-lasting benefits for millions of people.
Researchers have identified a potential molecular target to halt the spread of human papillomavirus (HPV), a common cause of cervical cancer. By targeting specific RNA molecules that produce proteins driving cellular proliferation, HPV-infected cells may be eradicated, offering new treatment options.