Articles tagged with Viral Infections
Dhanasekaran has received the Raymond W. Sarber Award for his research on avian pneumovirus and Newcastle disease virus, which could lead to the development of recombinant vaccines against these diseases. His work aims to improve health and economic well-being in humans and animals.
The US is likely to see an increase in West Nile virus cases in California this year, thanks to a combination of mosquito population, agricultural methods, and bird migration patterns. The state's diverse geography and climate will also contribute to the spread of the disease.
The NIAID-developed DNA vaccine significantly reduced SARS virus levels in infected mice, with antibodies alone responsible for the dramatic reduction. This breakthrough demonstrates the effectiveness of a novel vaccine approach against SARS, paving the way for future human clinical trials.
Researchers at University of Wisconsin-Madison have discovered a potent way to shut down viruses by introducing harmless molecules that mimic the virus's growth machinery, outperforming traditional antiviral strategies in inhibiting viral growth and creating drug-resistant strains.
A study suggests that viral infections like RSV can increase the expression of Toll-4 receptors on airway cells, leading to a heightened response to endotoxin exposure and potentially causing asthma exacerbations. This increased sensitivity could also make airways more responsive to other environmental exposures.
The article discusses the ongoing threat of rabies in Africa and Asia, where dog rabies epidemics hinder control efforts. Mary Warrell highlights the importance of addressing this issue through improved surveillance and vaccination methods.
UCSD School of Medicine researchers have identified a mechanism leading to life-threatening infections, where PKR protein causes macrophages to die, allowing bacteria to spread. The discovery may help develop inhibitors for PKR, controlling nasty infections and reducing flu-related deaths.
A study of 299 smokers found that nicotine nasal spray and skin patch both led to similar abstinence rates after six months. However, certain groups achieved higher success rates with one form over the other based on their ethnic background, weight and nicotine dependence level.
Researchers at NIAID have found that mouse immune systems produce antibodies capable of single-handedly neutralizing the SARS virus. This discovery confirms that vaccines triggering antibodies to the SARS virus are on the right track, and could lead to a faster development of effective vaccines or antiviral drugs.
Researchers found evidence of human herpesvirus 6 in tissues of 25 out of 35 children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis, a rare condition affecting bones and multiple organ systems. The study suggests the virus interacts with an underlying predisposition to the disease, potentially leading to new treatments and diagnostic tests.
Researchers have identified a dual strategy used by viruses to subvert the immune system, involving the targeting of hematopoietic progenitors and inhibition of dendritic cell maturation. This study sheds light on the mechanisms of viral immunosuppression, enabling better understanding of immune evasion tactics.
In 2003, US blood banks screened nearly 6 million donations for West Nile virus, identifying over 1,000 infected units and removing them from the supply. The screenings reduced the risk of transmission associated with blood transfusions, highlighting the effectiveness of proactive measures in preventing disease spread.
A blood test measuring procalcitonin levels can guide antibiotic treatment for lower respiratory tract infections, reducing unnecessary use and promoting more targeted therapy. The study found that withholding antibiotics based on procalcitonin thresholds did not compromise health outcomes in patients with viral infections.
Researchers found that younger children and smaller children have a lower risk of infection due to higher T lymphocyte counts, while low dendritic cell numbers correlate with increased risk. A closer cord blood match also reduces the risk of infection.
Researchers at Immerge have identified that human-tropic PERV is acquired during life, rather than being present in the germ-line DNA of mini-swine. The study found no viruses in the germ-line DNA that could infect human cells, paving the way for safer xenotransplantation procedures.
The researchers solved the structure of the hemagglutinin protein, a crucial component in understanding the 1918 flu outbreak. The study reveals that the virus likely originated from birds and its unique surface proteins made it particularly deadly to young adults.
Scientists at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have identified a human monoclonal antibody that blocks SARS virus infection by neutralizing its entry into cultured cells. The antibody, isolated from a collection of 27 billion antibodies, shows promise in animal tests and could be developed for clinical trials to prevent and treat the disease.
A study by Singapore investigators found that SARS infection occurred in healthcare workers with normal chest X-rays, even those not directly exposed to patients. The researchers detected SARS antibodies in 8 out of 112 exposed workers, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe.
Researchers at NIST and University of Maryland discovered a molecular mechanism involving RNA structure changes that may play a role in HIV-1 viral assembly. This finding could lead to the development of new antiviral drugs by targeting these structural changes.
A recent avian influenza outbreak in Vietnam underscores the importance of veterinary science and animal husbandry in preventing human pandemics. The article emphasizes that animal experts must receive adequate funding and resources to combat emerging diseases.
The Ebola virus has unleashed several lethal epidemics in Central Africa, leading to haemorrhagic fever and high mortality rates. The virus is transmitted by direct contact with infected animals or their carcasses, resulting in a rapid decline in great ape populations.
Researchers discovered that a viral infection can redirect the immune response away from pancreatic beta cells, reducing autoaggressive CD8 T cells. This approach could lead to new treatments for type 1 diabetes by utilizing proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines produced during viral infections.
A study of 100 patients with abnormally high liver enzymes found that 57 had HCV RNA in their liver biopsies, suggesting occult infection. HCV RNA was also detected in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from 40% of patients, potentially allowing for easier detection and monitoring.
Researchers at MCG are studying Campylobacter jejuni to understand its effects on the human body. They aim to develop a vaccine and improve prevention methods for this bacterial infection, which causes bloody diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain in millions of Americans each year.
Researchers have determined the 7.6-angstrom scale structure of a reovirus, visualizing its molecular composition and internal workings. The discovery may help understand how the virus manufactures genetic weapons to infect cells, potentially leading to new treatments and applications.
A new drug, rNAPC2, has shown promising results in treating Ebola by slowing coagulopathy and death in primates. The treatment targets the disease process rather than replicating the virus, offering a potential breakthrough in combating the deadly disease.
The first human trial of a DNA Ebola vaccine opened at the NIH Clinical Center in Bethesda. Twenty-seven volunteers will receive either the investigational vaccine or a placebo injection over two months and be followed for one year.
A new investigational vaccine to prevent hepatitis C has been tested in humans for the first time, offering a promising breakthrough against the deadly virus. The study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of three different strengths of the Chiron Corporation's vaccine.
Researchers developed a hardware platform called FPX that scans for malware signatures in parallel, allowing it to scan every byte of network traffic at an unprecedented rate. This technology can quarantine viruses and worms within sub-networks, protecting thousands of users with just a few devices.
Researchers at the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases have developed a hantavirus vaccine that elicited a potent neutralizing antibody response in rhesus macaques. The vaccine, which uses a naked DNA approach, also provided protection against hamster infection when administered after exposure.
The study reveals that retroviral protein p12 stimulates the growth and proliferation of immune cells known as T lymphocytes by producing interleukin 2 (IL-2). This finding supports the view that HTLV-1 virus replicates mainly by causing infected cells to divide and proliferate.
Researchers at Imperial College London have developed a novel flu treatment that can eliminate symptoms by targeting the overactive immune response. The treatment, which works by selectively reducing the response of active T white blood cells, has shown promising results in mice and may offer new hope for pandemic prevention.
The Blanke Lab will conduct fundamental research about anthrax and methods to neutralize its impact, with a goal of generating novel therapeutics and vaccines. This project is part of the Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, bringing together leading researchers from various disciplines.
A new HPV vaccine targeting high-risk types could prevent up to 84% of cervical cancer cases. Testing a cocktail of these virus types could provide sufficient guidance for clinical decisions and future screening programmes.
The NIAID has launched a clinical trial to test an immunoglobulin product containing antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV) in treating severe WNV encephalitis. The study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of this treatment in preventing death or neurologic disability.
Studies with yeast prions show that small mutations can cause transmission barriers, potentially explaining species barriers for mammalian prions. The findings suggest a new approach to treating disorders like Alzheimer's by influencing toxic protein folding.
The Mayo Clinic Proceedings has released an early review of West Nile virus to aid clinicians and the public. The review, written by Priya Sampathkumar, M.D., provides the most current information on the disease's epidemiology, virology, transmission, management, and prevention in humans and animals.
Researchers at Purdue University have captured the clearest image yet of the T4 virus's docking bay, a complex structure that allows it to infect its host. This breakthrough could lead to new strategies for stopping viral infections and developing novel antibiotics.
A live but weakened virus is being tested as a potential West Nile virus vaccine, with promising results showing high levels of protective antibodies in monkeys. The vaccine has been shown to be effective in preventing the disease-causing virus while triggering a strong immune response.
The rat vector hypothesis suggests that rats may have spread SARS in the Amoy Gardens apartment block. Epidemiological case-control studies could be undertaken to identify behavioural risk factors and possible mechanisms for rat-to-man infections. This hypothesis is a strong possibility that needs to be further explored.
A study in Japan found that consuming raw Japanese deer meat may transmit Hepatitis E virus (HEV), a rare liver disease. The infected deer meat tested positive for HEV RNA, suggesting an animal route of transmission. This discovery adds the Sika deer to the list of foods with a risk of transmitting HEV.
A recent CDC study reveals that elderly individuals are at a higher risk of severe complications from dengue infection, including hospitalization and hemorrhagic fever. Clinicians must conduct thorough clinical examinations to avoid delayed diagnosis and treatment, which can lead to further complications.
A novel coronavirus has been confirmed as the primary causal agent of SARS, according to a study. The virus was found to infect the lower respiratory tract, leading to severe lung damage and disease symptoms. The discovery was made through laboratory studies of patients and experimental infections in macaques.
Researchers discovered Trif, a critical transducer protein in the innate immune system, which mediates signals from both bacterial and viral infections. The protein's role sparks inflammation, making it an attractive target for drugs designed to combat runaway inflammation characteristic of infectious diseases.
New lab results show no recombination of porcine and human retroviruses, reducing the risk of PERV transmission to humans. This finding supports Immerge's progress toward clinical xenotransplantation research.
Researchers found that the ThinPrep Pap test was more likely to detect abnormal cervical cells in women taking oral contraceptives than those not on birth control. In reality, most healthy cells looked like HPV-infected cells due to changes caused by the testing method, highlighting the need for further analysis and potential re-testing.
A study of 23 West Nile patients reveals early symptoms include rash, low back pain, and limb pain, progressing to muscle weakness and respiratory failure in severe cases. The disease can cause significant disability and death if left untreated, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers found that fibroleukin is a prothrombinase that contributes to the development of thrombosis in viral hepatitis. The study suggests a potential link between fibroleukin and the progression of viral hepatitis, highlighting the importance of further investigation into this area.
A study published in JCI finds that PlGF-1 prevents oxygen-induced retinal vascular degeneration in retinopathy of prematurity, suggesting a potential therapeutic agent for the condition. Additionally, researchers identify Fgl2/fibroleukin as a critical prothrombinase involved in the pathophysiology of viral hepatitis.
Research found that alcohol consumption increases hepatitis C virus replication by upregulating nuclear factor kappa B, a key cellular regulator of immune pathways. Alcohol also inhibits the anti-HCV effect of interferon-alpha therapy. Treatment with naltrexone abolishes alcohol actions.
A new study found that alcohol consumption increases the activity of a protein that causes the hepatitis C virus to replicate, leading to liver disease. The study also discovered that alcohol interferes with antiviral treatment, such as interferon-alpha, which is currently the only licensed treatment for the infection.
A new study reveals the global spread of a virulent dengue virus strain responsible for severe disease outbreaks in Latin America and Africa. The research uses viral genetics to demonstrate the virus's movement from Asia and Africa to the Americas, shedding light on its emergence and transmission.
The NIAID is distributing the GeneChip SARS Array at no cost to qualified researchers worldwide, providing a powerful tool to better understand the SARS coronavirus and its spread. The array will help scientists achieve objectives such as constructing a family tree of SARS coronaviruses and tracing the virus's evolution.
Sandra McLachlan and her team reveal that cleavage of the TSHR A subunit can induce or amplify the immune response to the TSHR, resulting in autoantibodies that stimulate thyroid hormones. This finding increases understanding of why autoantibodies arise specifically to the TSHR, leading to Graves hyperthyroidism.
Researchers at Frankfurt University Medical School have assessed the antiviral potential of five drugs against the SARS coronavirus. Glycyrrhizin, an antiviral agent proven to treat HIV-1 and hepatitis C, is the most active compound in inhibiting replication, with increased nitric oxide synthesis contributing to its effectiveness.
Researchers analyzed data from the World Health Organization and found that countries with quicker control measures had lower fatality rates and slower epidemics. The study suggests that better control measures, such as rapid hospitalization and isolation of cases, are more effective than differences in infectivity or virulence.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have partially uncovered the stages in the elimination of viral infections and cancer cells by the human immune system. The study found that natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells use different mechanisms to kill target cells, with significant differences in their roles and receptor usage.
Researchers have developed a new lentiviral vaccine that can induce robust immune responses in mice, offering a promising candidate for cancer therapy. Additionally, studies suggest that newborns may have a mature and functional immune response to infections, raising questions about neonatal vaccination strategies.
A recent study suggests that a commonly used drug to prevent Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-associated tumors in child liver transplant patients may not be effective. The trial, which enrolled nearly 90 children, found no statistically significant difference between those who received the active drug and those who received a placebo.
A novel flu vaccine developed by The Wistar Institute has generated a strong antibody response in mice, offering hope for a more stable and effective vaccine. The vaccine targets a stable region of the virus, potentially providing long-term protection against flu strains.