Articles tagged with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
A study led by Yuntao Wu reveals how HIV triggers a cell process that activates cofilin, allowing the virus to cross the cell membrane. This fundamental understanding may lead to the development of new therapeutic tools to block viral interaction.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes have discovered a gene, Apobec3, that controls the production of antibodies neutralizing retroviruses, including HIV. This finding may lead to the development of an HIV vaccine by eliciting neutralizing antibodies.
Iowa State University researcher Robert Jernigan's study reveals proteins have controlled motions, contradicting traditional biochemist views. The research, published in journal Structure, shows that protein motions are restricted and part of the function of the proteins.
Researchers discovered ABC-transporters expressed on vascular endothelial cells, which decrease the intracellular concentrations of anti-HIV drugs like saquinavir and zidovudine. Inhibiting these transporters with verapamil or MK-571 increases drug retention, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy to improve HAART efficacy.
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine found that a component of intestinal bacteria helps HIV penetrate the blood-brain barrier, increasing the risk of cognitive disorders. The discovery could lead to new strategies for preventing HIV from entering the brain and causing serious complications.
A novel approach to treating HIV/AIDS uses customized dendritic cells to stimulate immune response, showing potential for innovative therapeutic approach
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found a rare case of an individual with HIV who remains symptom-free without treatment, attributed to the strength of their immune system. The study's findings offer hope for vaccine development and understanding of how immune cells can effectively halt disease progression.
A study of married Indian women found that those who experienced physical and sexual violence from their husbands had an increased risk of HIV infection. The prevalence of HIV among abused women was approximately four times higher than non-abused women, highlighting the importance of addressing intimate partner violence in preventing H...
Researchers found that 76% of studies on pediatric adherence to ART in low-income countries reported more than 75% adherence, compared to lower rates in high-income countries. The study's findings suggest that children in these countries can maintain comparable or better adherence to ART as those in high-income countries.
Researchers at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center are launching a study to investigate the impact of mistrust in medical care on Latino HIV patients' mortality rates. The study aims to understand cultural and social factors contributing to this disparity.
A new study has identified younger, recently diagnosed men and those who binge drink and use substances like methamphetamine as high-risk groups for HIV transmission. These findings suggest the need for more targeted prevention programs to address the rising rates of HIV diagnoses among these men.
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine conducted a double-blind clinical trial to assess the impact of smoked medical cannabis on neuropathic pain in HIV patients. The study showed that reported pain relief was greater with cannabis than with a placebo.
A study by Emory University researchers found that black girls who abused alcohol had low condom usage rates, even after participating in HIV interventions. The study suggests that addressing alcohol use is crucial to developing effective HIV interventions for this demographic.
Robert Siliciano, an HIV expert, says that current antiretroviral drug combinations can suppress the ability of HIV to replicate, with some combos reducing copies to less than one in a billion. However, progress is still needed to identify and eliminate viral reservoirs that persist in the body.
Researchers found that girls who participated in the HORIZONS intervention were less likely to contract a STD and more likely to consistently use condoms during sex. The study suggests that gender-tailored and culturally-congruent interventions can reduce bacterial STD infections and enhance HIV-preventive behaviors.
To reduce HIV transmission, radical behavioral change is necessary, involving a range of strategies including increasing HIV knowledge, decreasing risky behaviors, and providing access to treatment. The authors emphasize the need for sustainable commitment and proper resources to implement these prevention strategies.
Most countries are not effectively targeting their HIV resources, and new strategies must be implemented to improve prevention interventions. The limited data available indicate that many countries are focusing their prevention resources where the epidemics are concentrated, leading to low coverage rates for effective interventions.
Researchers argue that structural approaches can significantly reduce HIV risk and vulnerability, particularly in addressing gender inequality and economic dependence. Examples of successful initiatives include needle exchange programmes and empowering sex workers to take control of their own health.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine found that the HIV drug nevirapine persists in the breast milk and blood of infected mothers for at least two weeks, putting them and their babies at risk for developing drug-resistant strains. The study suggests that better combination antiretroviral treatment could prevent this risk.
Researchers recommend using prophylactic antiretroviral (ARV) drugs to reduce infectiousness among HIV-positive individuals. Male circumcision is also shown to significantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission. Providing contraception for HIV-positive women can further prevent mother-to-baby transmission and unintended pregnancies.
The Lancet Series on HIV Prevention calls for confident and unified leadership to overcome barriers to effective HIV prevention. The authors urge investment in operational research, HIV vaccine development, and capacity building for national authorities to deliver universal access.
A study found that a rectal tenofovir gel can prevent the transmission of an AIDS-like virus in macaques. The gel was applied before exposure and protected most animals from infection. However, more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness in humans.
A study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases found that the common HIV infectivity rate of 1 transmission per 1000 contacts is inaccurate and significantly underestimates actual transmission rates. The study estimated varying degrees of risk, including a 300-fold difference between different types of contact.
A study of HIV-infected crack users found that nearly half reported unprotected sex in the last six months, highlighting a pressing need for targeted interventions. The five-year HOPE study aims to improve engagement in care and prevention services, particularly for female users.
A new study suggests that male circumcision can overcome cultural and safety concerns, increasing penile sensitivity and reducing risky behaviors. Implementing circumcision programs in eastern and southern Africa could prevent an estimated two million HIV infections over the next decade.
A study found that low-dose growth hormone treatment reduced visceral adipose tissue and improved blood pressure in HIV-infected patients with abdominal obesity. However, it also increased glucose levels during glucose tolerance testing, highlighting the need for caution when using growth hormone therapy in this population.
A study of 3,116 patients with and without a history of injection drug use found similar survival rates after 4-5 years of receiving HAART. The results challenge the prevailing notion that IDUs may not derive full benefits from HAART due to social instability.
A study of 883 treatment-naïve HIV patients found that atazanavir/ritonavir once daily was as effective as lopinavir/ritonavir twice daily in reducing viral load and increasing CD4 cells. The once-daily regimen had less gastrointestinal toxicity but a higher rate of hyperbilirubinemia, supporting its use as a first-line treatment option.
A special supplement in the AIDS journal offers concrete recommendations for addressing social and economic issues fueling HIV, including building a diverse group of leaders and integrating treatment programs. The edition outlines actionable goals and calls for accountability to combat the epidemic more efficiently.
A recent study published in the peer-reviewed journal AIDS found a significant association between bacterial vaginosis and an increased risk of HIV infection. The analysis of over 30,700 women from around the world showed that women with BV were more likely to acquire HIV than those without it.
A McGill University study reveals that previously ignored parts of the HIV genome play a key role in developing drug resistance. The research explains how these hidden mutations affect the virus, providing new insights into HIV treatment.
A new study published in The Lancet warns that HIV transmission could quadruple in certain populations if people with HIV follow potentially misleading advice. Mathematical modeling predicts that HIV transmission would be four times higher in serodiscordant couples who abandon condom use.
Researchers found that combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) increased life expectancy for HIV patients by more than 13 years. The study, published in The Lancet, analyzed data from 43,355 HIV-positive participants and found a nearly 40% drop in AIDS deaths.
Researchers at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center have disproven the long-held belief that hepatitis C virus slows immune system recovery after HIV treatment. The study found no difference in CD4 cell restoration between co-infected and mono-infected patients, suggesting other factors are at play.
The presence of an impurity called ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) in Roche's Viracept HIV medication did not increase patients' risk of developing cancer, according to new research confirmed by the European Committee for Human Medicinal Products (CHMP).
Studies show a significant increase in life expectancy among HIV-positive individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), with total life expectancy rising from 56.1 years to 69.4 years between 1996-99 and 2003-05. However, patients treated late in the course of their infection have worse life expectancy.
A regimen of extended-dose nevirapine reduced the risk of infants contracting HIV via breastfeeding by 20% at six months of age. The study found a significant reduction in HIV transmission at six weeks of age, but access to safe replacement feeding remains crucial.
The HIV/AIDS epidemic affects nearly 2 million people in Latin America and the Caribbean, with most transmission through unprotected sex. The region faces unique challenges due to socio-economic disparities, homophobia, and lack of access to healthcare and education.
A recent study estimates that if couples stop using condoms, HIV incidence could easily quadruple over 10 years. The risk of transmission from effectively treated patients is low but non-zero, and transmission risks are higher in male homosexual partnerships.
TB is a threat throughout the course of HIV disease, and addressing it is crucial for saving patient lives and curbing the global TB burden. The authors propose several strategic approaches, including intensified case finding, treating individuals with active TB, and implementing infection control measures.
Researchers propose integrating TB prevention and treatment into HIV care to address the major cause of mortality among HIV patients. The authors recommend intensified TB case finding, preventive isoniazid therapy for non-TB infected HIV patients, and earlier provision of antiretroviral therapy.
Social taboos and stigma surrounding homosexuality make it difficult to control the HIV epidemic among Pakistani men who have sex with men. Outreach programs need to target subpopulations and address specific challenges such as promoting safe sex and reducing stigma around condoms.
A novel computational model illustrates how HIV evades the human immune system through 'escape mutants', which can lead to AIDS progression. The study suggests a new vaccine design approach by reducing viral replicative capacity.
A genetic variation that protects against malaria increases susceptibility to HIV by up to 40%, yet also prolongs survival by approximately two years. This finding highlights the complex relationship between genetics and HIV/AIDS, with implications for targeted prevention strategies.
A gene variant found only in people of African ancestry increases the risk of becoming infected with HIV-1, but those who carry it may live up to two years longer after infection. The variant affects a protein on red blood cells that is also involved in protecting against malaria.
Researchers at UT Medical School have pinpointed the Achilles heel of HIV in the envelope protein gp120, a region essential for viral attachment to host cells. Engineered antibodies with enzymatic activity, or abzymes, can attack this weak spot, offering new hope for therapeutic intervention and prevention.
Exhausted B cells hinder HIV-infected individuals' ability to clear the virus from their bodies. Researchers found that these cells produce low-quality antibodies, making it challenging to develop an effective vaccine.
A study published in the journal Addiction found that sexual behavior counseling during drug addiction treatment can decrease risky sexual behavior and HIV transmission in Russian substance-dependent individuals. The PREVENT program, a behavioral intervention, was effective in increasing safe sex among participants.
A new study led by NYU Dentistry shows that weak HIV viruses can replicate and contribute to AIDS development through cooperative interaction with stronger viruses. This mechanism enables some viruses to reproduce faster and evade immune responses.
A team of researchers has developed a new infant formula that captures the HIV virus, preventing its transmission through breastfeeding. The formula contains a special strain of probiotic lactobacilli that can survive in hot climates and provides long-lasting protection.
Access to antiretroviral therapy has been associated with substantial reductions in HIV incidence. Expanded access can reduce AIDS-related illness and deaths, making it a viable prevention strategy.
A study found that 55-93% of new HIV infections among adults in urban Zambia and Rwanda occur within marital or cohabiting couples, with potential for increased transmission if non-cohabiting partners use condoms. Interventions targeting couples could avert 36-60% of heterosexually transmitted infections.
Researchers recommend HIV screening for most adults aged 55 to 75 due to its cost-effectiveness and potential to prolong life. The study found that screening in this age group could add half a year to the life of an HIV-positive patient under 65 and four months for those over 65.
Researchers found a faster disease course and increased HIV entry in patients with the apoE4 allele. The study suggests apoE4 may have clinical applicability in treating both Alzheimer's and HIV diseases.
Research highlights the association between diabetes and hearing loss, as well as the potential health benefits of moderate coffee consumption. A new study also examines the cost-effectiveness of HIV screening in patients over 55 years old, finding it a viable option for this age group.
Women were more likely than men to approach gender-matched brochures and retain information from them. The study found significant gender differences in exposure to the intervention, including women reading more brochures and retaining more information.
Global gay communities are experiencing a decline in physical infrastructure and attendance at events. The rise of online dating and achievement of civil rights contribute to this shift.
A randomized trial found that extending antiretroviral regimens can significantly reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission. Infants receiving extended prophylaxis had lower rates of HIV infection compared to those receiving standard care.
The Healthcare Foundation of NJ awards Rutgers College of Nursing faculty member Rachel Jones a one-year $154,400 grant to create a series of 12 soap opera-style videos reducing HIV risk among young urban women. The new video series is based on real stories told by women in focus groups.
The UN's strategy on dealing with HIV and illicit drugs needs a complete overhaul, according to a Comment published in The Lancet. The authors argue that the International Narcotics Control Board undermines recognition of HIV prevention measures for those who use drugs.