Articles tagged with Cancer Genetics
Researchers at Imperial College London have created a genetically engineered version of a cell called an invariant natural killer T-cell (iNKT) that shows potential as a new treatment for cancer. The CAR19-iNKT eliminated all cancer cells in 60% of mice and had 90% long-term survival rates.
Researchers are investigating how a gene that regulates estrogen and neurotransmitter levels could be tied to cognitive decline in patients undergoing chemotherapy. The study aims to understand the underlying factors of treatment-related cognitive dysfunction, also known as chemo brain.
A new study from UT Southwestern Medical Center found that nearly 25% of genetic test results were reclassified due to evolving scientific knowledge. This reclassification can significantly impact patients' understanding of their cancer risk and treatment options.
Current guidelines on anticoagulation therapy for atrial fibrillation may be insufficient due to varying stroke rates among studies, suggesting a need for individualized risk assessments. A case report also highlights the successful treatment of multiple cancers with pembrolizumab in a patient with Lynch syndrome
A research team at the University of Turku discovered a link between HOXB13 and CIP2A genes and aggressiveness of prostate cancer. The simultaneous expression of these two gene variants predisposes men to get prostate cancer earlier in life and stimulates tumor formation.
Researchers identified BAP1-regulated target genes and mechanisms linking ferroptosis to tumor suppression in various cancers. Treatment with ROS inducer resulted in increased ferroptosis-related cell death in BAP1 cancer cells, suggesting a potential new area of therapy research.
A study found that common mutations drive the spread of cancer in individual patients, suggesting a key understanding of how cancers metastasize. The research also identified passenger mutations that are less likely to play a critical role in cancer development.
Researchers found a genetic variation associated with thymic output in humans, which can affect immune responses. This discovery may help explain differences in immune responses between healthy individuals and has implications for precision medicine and vaccine development.
Researchers have identified key genetic changes that occur during colorectal cancer development, including 'chromosomal catastrophes' that lead to tumour growth and diversity
Researchers discovered a link between ANO7 gene mutations and aggressive prostate cancer risk and severity, suggesting improved diagnosis and treatment options. The study found specific genetic mutations that correlated with increased disease risk and poorer survival rates.
Salk Institute researchers found that restricting food intake to a 10-hour window can protect against obesity and metabolic diseases. By controlling the animals' feeding and fasting cycles, they can override their genetically programmed sickness.
Researchers at the GW Cancer Center will develop a model to study the COMPASS complex in pancreatic cancer and possible targeted therapies. The goal is to identify molecular vulnerabilities and treat patients based on their likelihood to respond to tailored treatments.
The team found that telomeres are regulated by proteins, including Taz1, which tether internal regions to the telomeres. This process ensures faithful duplication of genetic material. Better understanding of this mechanism may inform research into maintaining genetic information and preventing diseases.
A study from the Francis Crick Institute found that chemicals produced by vegetables like kale and broccoli can prevent colon cancer in mice. The research discovered that these compounds activate a protein called AhR, which helps protect against inflammatory responses to gut bacteria.
Researchers have developed high-tech tools to identify the genetic cause of early childhood seizures, a rare disease that can lead to intellectual impairment and early death. The new approach uses computational tools to analyze genetic data and pinpoint changes in the genome responsible for disease development.
Researchers found distinct genetic mutations in appendix cancer that predict survival rates and may impact therapy choices. The study identified specific genes, such as TP53 and GNAS, as biomarkers for high-risk patients.
A new study has identified specific genes, including BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, and RAD51D, that are associated with an increased risk for triple-negative breast cancer. The study suggests potential revisions to guidelines for genetic testing and may lead to better prevention strategies.
A Mayo Clinic research team has identified specific genes associated with an increased risk for developing triple-negative breast cancer. Alternations in BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2 and RAD51D genes were linked to a high risk for this subtype of breast cancer, while mutations in BRIP1 and RAD51C genes showed a moderate risk.
Yale Cancer Center scientists have found that rare inherited cancer syndromes are driven by a breakdown in how cells repair their DNA. They suggest using PARP inhibitors to treat these conditions.
A study at Queen Mary University of London has identified genetic mutations that occur early in the development of bowel cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These mutations could form the basis of a simple diagnostic test for predicting who is at high risk of developing IBD-associated colorectal cancer.
Scientists have discovered genetic mutations in healthy people's blood that can reveal their high risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) years before they develop the disease. The study found that blood tests can identify these changes, which could lead to earlier detection and monitoring of people at risk.
A new study found that a deadlier subtype of metastatic prostate cancer, called t-SCNC, constitutes about 17% of resistant cases. Researchers suggest that targeted drugs already in clinical trials could be effective in treating this subtype.
The study reveals the Spp42 protein plays a crucial role in regulating spliceosome components, essential for transforming genetic information into functional proteins. This understanding may lead to new drugs targeting the spliceosome function to treat diseases such as cancer and leukemia.
A new $2.2 million federal grant will fund research into genetic factors regulating ovarian reserve, which can impact fertility and reproductive lifespan. The study aims to identify gene variants contributing to ovarian reserve, offering new diagnosis and treatment avenues for fertility problems.
Researchers have discovered 63 new genetic variations associated with higher risk of prostate cancer, enabling early and regular screening for men at increased risk. The findings represent the largest increase in genetic markers since their first identification in 2006.
Researchers have discovered how p53 stops the development of lymphoma and potentially other cancers by targeting specific DNA repair genes. This new information could help doctors identify patients at risk and develop safer treatments.
Researchers identified 63 new genetic markers associated with prostate cancer risk in a global DNA analysis of over 140,000 men. The findings suggest that one percent of at-risk men are six times more likely to develop prostate cancer, highlighting the potential for genetic screening and prevention strategies.
Summit will provide unprecedented computing power for research in energy, advanced materials and artificial intelligence, enabling scientific discoveries that were previously impractical or impossible. Summit will be capable of more than three billion mixed precision calculations per second, or 3.3 exaops.
Researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University have discovered a mechanism that protects glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) stem cells from programmed cell death. The study found that protective autophagy is regulated by the gene MDA-9/Syntenin, and inhibiting this process can lead to cancer cell death.
A new study suggests that regular exercise can reduce the influence of genes on obesity for women over age 70. The research found that physical activity weakened the genetic associations with body mass index, providing hope for older adults to overcome their weight destiny through healthy habits.
A recent study from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that rates of inherited mutations in genes other than BRCA1/2 are twice as high in breast cancer patients with a second primary cancer. The study also investigated polygenic risk scores, which were not strongly linked to an increased risk of cancer.
A randomized, controlled trial found that 77% of patients who received remote phone or video counseling sessions underwent genetic testing, compared to just six percent in the usual care group. The study also highlights the importance of addressing disparities in genetic testing and knowledge among community practice patients.
The researchers aim to make breakthroughs in understanding bacterial cell growth, hematologic malignancies, brain perceptions and behaviors, and neuron-glia communication. Each will receive $8 million over a seven-year term to pursue their fundamental questions.
A landmark paper sets out a unified theory for the cause of childhood leukaemia, revealing it may be preventable with treatments to prime the immune system in infancy. The disease is triggered by exposure to infection in children who experienced clean childhoods, highlighting the paradox of progress in modern societies.
A quartet of NFCR scientists publishes papers on possible bases for brain cancer treatments and insight into somatic mutations, advancing understanding of glioblastoma multiforme and its resistance to anti-angiogenesis drugs. The findings also identify a potential therapeutic strategy using MDA-9/Syntenin.
Researchers aim to identify genetic markers that can predict tumor response to radiation therapy, leading to more personalized treatment approaches. The goal is to improve treatment responses, reduce toxicity, and enhance quality of life for cancer survivors.
Researchers have identified a control switch that regulates genetic signals during embryonic development, which could help prevent birth defects and cancers. The study found that externally driven fluctuations in gene signaling are suppressed by the Notch pathway, a potential target for modulating genetic signals.
A study found that multigene testing is more likely to identify disease-associated genetic variants than BRCA-only testing, but may reveal mutations of uncertain clinical significance. The shift reflects a growing acceptance of multigene panel tests as a more clinically useful option for patients and their relatives.
Researchers developed a computer algorithm called ALPACA to analyze gene networks in diseased cells, providing clues for cancer treatment. The approach could lead to novel strategies for preventing or curing disease, particularly for cancers that fail to respond to current treatments.
The MRC Human Genetics Unit at the University of Edinburgh has received £53 million in funding to study human genetics. The unit will investigate genetic variations and their impact on diseases, including those affecting childhood development and cancer.
A Cedars-Sinai study found that prolonged air pollution exposure in the Los Angeles Basin triggers inflammation and cancer-related gene expression in rat brains, particularly due to nickel content. The research highlights the need for reducing ambient air pollution levels.
The Global ROS1 Initiative is a patient-researcher collaboration that aims to accelerate research on ROS1 cancer. Members have contributed tumor samples and participated in epidemiological surveys, providing valuable insights into the disease.
Researchers have systematically mapped connections between 625 breast and ovarian cancer genes and nearly every FDA-approved chemotherapy for these cancers. The map reveals new genetic factors that determine the response of tumor cells to common classes of chemotherapy treatment.
Researchers from the Wellcome Sanger Institute used single-cell technology and organoids to study colorectal cancer cells, discovering that each cell is genetically unique and has many more mutations than normal cells. The study may allow for targeted prevention or treatment of cancer.
Researchers identified various resistance mechanisms in ALK+ and ROS1+ lung cancers, including kinase mutations and non-genetic changes. A second study demonstrates the ability to detect these changes in patient blood samples using ctDNA tests, potentially easing early detection of treatment failure.
A meta-analysis by Case Western Reserve University researcher Nathan Berger reveals that obesity increases risk of 13 different cancers in young adults, with certain cancers now reported in people under 50. Obesity can alter cellular mechanisms promoting cancer and increase cancer rates as it rises among younger demographics.
Two genes, JAK3/STAT5 and HOXA9, have been found to cooperate in triggering leukemia development. This cooperation leads to more rapid and aggressive disease progression. The discovery provides a basis for targeted therapies, not only for acute lymphoblastic leukemia but also for other leukemias.
A new study found that nearly half of women with breast cancer who should undergo genetic testing did not receive it. Genetic counselors were underutilized, with only half of those in the high-risk group receiving counseling before surgery.
Researchers identified genetic patterns in primary and matched metastatic cancers, finding that cells often break away as a collection rather than spreading as a single cell. This insight may lead to better treatments or approaches to prevent its spread at the onset.
A phase 1/2 trial of larotrectinib found that three-quarters of patients with advanced cancers responded to the treatment, which targets a specific genetic mutation. The therapy has shown promise in treating pediatric patients with TRK-positive cancer, including infantile fibrosarcoma, and offers a potential cure for some cases.
Research suggests that an aging immune system may be a stronger reason for age-related cancer risk increase than previously thought. The study found a strong correlation between declining T cell production and increasing cancer incidence in both men and women.
Researchers found a transient, shape-shifting mechanism in DNA that influences the frequency of spontaneous mutations, which can drive evolution and diseases like cancer. The study reveals that specific DNA sequences affect the rates of these errors.
The organization raised $2.4 million to fund groundbreaking science at the Salk Institute, Rady Children's Hospital, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute. This funding supports collaborative, translational research with a focus on clinical trials.
Researchers develop a genetic model that eliminates c-Raf kinase, causing tumor regression with low toxicity; validation opens new possibilities for therapies against KRAS-driven cancers. Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
Researchers have created the world's first monkey clones using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), a technique that made Dolly the sheep. The cloned monkeys, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, are genetically identical long-tailed macaques born recently at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Neuroscience in Shanghai.
Women with MSH6 and PMS2 gene variants have a 2-fold or 3-fold increased risk of developing breast cancer. The study suggests more intensive screening for these women may be beneficial.
Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center discovered that specific genetic events drive distinct immune cell compositions in primary prostate tumors, dictating tumor progression and response to therapy. Profiling patients' tumors based on this new information could lead to more successful clinical trials and tailored therapies.
Recent advances in gene therapy have led to successful treatments for patients with serious medical conditions. Emerging genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, hold promise for broader and more effective gene therapy approaches.
A new genetic risk model predicts age of onset for aggressive prostate cancer, guiding screening decisions. Men with high scores are at almost three-fold greater risk of developing aggressive disease.
Researchers at Columbia University Medical Center discovered that a gene fusion can cause cancer by increasing mitochondrial activity and fueling cell growth. Drugs targeting this pathway can prevent tumor growth in human cancer cells and mice with brain cancer.