Articles tagged with Cancer Genetics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study found that multigene testing is more likely to identify disease-associated genetic variants than BRCA-only testing, but may reveal mutations of uncertain clinical significance. The shift reflects a growing acceptance of multigene panel tests as a more clinically useful option for patients and their relatives.
Researchers developed a computer algorithm called ALPACA to analyze gene networks in diseased cells, providing clues for cancer treatment. The approach could lead to novel strategies for preventing or curing disease, particularly for cancers that fail to respond to current treatments.
The MRC Human Genetics Unit at the University of Edinburgh has received £53 million in funding to study human genetics. The unit will investigate genetic variations and their impact on diseases, including those affecting childhood development and cancer.
A Cedars-Sinai study found that prolonged air pollution exposure in the Los Angeles Basin triggers inflammation and cancer-related gene expression in rat brains, particularly due to nickel content. The research highlights the need for reducing ambient air pollution levels.
The Global ROS1 Initiative is a patient-researcher collaboration that aims to accelerate research on ROS1 cancer. Members have contributed tumor samples and participated in epidemiological surveys, providing valuable insights into the disease.
Researchers have systematically mapped connections between 625 breast and ovarian cancer genes and nearly every FDA-approved chemotherapy for these cancers. The map reveals new genetic factors that determine the response of tumor cells to common classes of chemotherapy treatment.
Researchers from the Wellcome Sanger Institute used single-cell technology and organoids to study colorectal cancer cells, discovering that each cell is genetically unique and has many more mutations than normal cells. The study may allow for targeted prevention or treatment of cancer.
Researchers identified various resistance mechanisms in ALK+ and ROS1+ lung cancers, including kinase mutations and non-genetic changes. A second study demonstrates the ability to detect these changes in patient blood samples using ctDNA tests, potentially easing early detection of treatment failure.
A meta-analysis by Case Western Reserve University researcher Nathan Berger reveals that obesity increases risk of 13 different cancers in young adults, with certain cancers now reported in people under 50. Obesity can alter cellular mechanisms promoting cancer and increase cancer rates as it rises among younger demographics.
Two genes, JAK3/STAT5 and HOXA9, have been found to cooperate in triggering leukemia development. This cooperation leads to more rapid and aggressive disease progression. The discovery provides a basis for targeted therapies, not only for acute lymphoblastic leukemia but also for other leukemias.
A new study found that nearly half of women with breast cancer who should undergo genetic testing did not receive it. Genetic counselors were underutilized, with only half of those in the high-risk group receiving counseling before surgery.
Researchers identified genetic patterns in primary and matched metastatic cancers, finding that cells often break away as a collection rather than spreading as a single cell. This insight may lead to better treatments or approaches to prevent its spread at the onset.
A phase 1/2 trial of larotrectinib found that three-quarters of patients with advanced cancers responded to the treatment, which targets a specific genetic mutation. The therapy has shown promise in treating pediatric patients with TRK-positive cancer, including infantile fibrosarcoma, and offers a potential cure for some cases.
Research suggests that an aging immune system may be a stronger reason for age-related cancer risk increase than previously thought. The study found a strong correlation between declining T cell production and increasing cancer incidence in both men and women.
Researchers found a transient, shape-shifting mechanism in DNA that influences the frequency of spontaneous mutations, which can drive evolution and diseases like cancer. The study reveals that specific DNA sequences affect the rates of these errors.
The organization raised $2.4 million to fund groundbreaking science at the Salk Institute, Rady Children's Hospital, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute. This funding supports collaborative, translational research with a focus on clinical trials.
Researchers develop a genetic model that eliminates c-Raf kinase, causing tumor regression with low toxicity; validation opens new possibilities for therapies against KRAS-driven cancers. Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
Researchers have created the world's first monkey clones using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), a technique that made Dolly the sheep. The cloned monkeys, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, are genetically identical long-tailed macaques born recently at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Neuroscience in Shanghai.
Women with MSH6 and PMS2 gene variants have a 2-fold or 3-fold increased risk of developing breast cancer. The study suggests more intensive screening for these women may be beneficial.
Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center discovered that specific genetic events drive distinct immune cell compositions in primary prostate tumors, dictating tumor progression and response to therapy. Profiling patients' tumors based on this new information could lead to more successful clinical trials and tailored therapies.
Recent advances in gene therapy have led to successful treatments for patients with serious medical conditions. Emerging genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, hold promise for broader and more effective gene therapy approaches.
A new genetic risk model predicts age of onset for aggressive prostate cancer, guiding screening decisions. Men with high scores are at almost three-fold greater risk of developing aggressive disease.
Researchers at Columbia University Medical Center discovered that a gene fusion can cause cancer by increasing mitochondrial activity and fueling cell growth. Drugs targeting this pathway can prevent tumor growth in human cancer cells and mice with brain cancer.
A high-protein diet can protect against colorectal cancer in those with inflammatory bowel disease, while a low-protein diet may be beneficial for those with a genetic predisposition. Researchers suggest tailoring treatments based on the amount of protein in the diet.
Smokers with targetable genetic alterations in their lung cancer benefit equally from targeted therapies as non-smokers. Targeted treatments improve survival by 1.5 years, regardless of smoking status.
A study from Michigan Medicine found that 20% of young colon cancer patients have an inherited genetic abnormality, highlighting the need for broader genetic testing. The research suggests that even without family history, these alterations can impact care and family members.
A landmark clinical trial has shown impressive results for a CAR-T cancer treatment in refractory large B-cell lymphoma patients, achieving complete remission in 42% of cases. However, severe side effects including cytokine release syndrome and neurologic problems were also observed, affecting up to 95% of patients.
A recent study found a genetic relationship between hCMV reactivation and GVHD, suggesting personalized antiviral treatments could reduce complications in stem cell transplant patients. Researchers sequenced the DNA of 77 donors and recipients, identifying similarities between hCMV peptides and those expressed in GVHD-affected tissue.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University discovered how losing a gene leads to large-scale genetic changes that make cancer more aggressive and resistant to treatment. The study shows promise for personalized therapy using liquid biopsies to track RB status in prostate cancer patients.
A new study identifies six genetic changes linked to Hodgkin lymphoma, a cancer of the immune system. The research offers important clues for understanding both lymphoma and autoimmune diseases.
A study in Malaysia assesses the effectiveness of mainstreaming genetic counselling for ovarian cancer patients. Preliminary results show that most patients are satisfied with their experience, regardless of whether they receive counselling by a trained clinician or a genetic counsellor.
A study published in Journal of Cancer Survivorship found that motivation to provide samples for genetic tests depends on oncologist engagement or religion, rather than race. Women with better access to healthcare and a greater sense of well-being were more likely to participate in genetic research.
Researchers at UT Austin developed an ancient enzyme that detects full range of RNAs with high accuracy, improving cancer diagnosis. The enzyme, TGIRTs, can be used to monitor disease progression and response to treatment.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a method to compress and decompress DNA, enabling the efficient transfer of large amounts of genetic information into cells. This innovation has potential applications in synthetic biology, biotechnology, and cancer research, improving diagnosis accuracy and treatment outcomes.
Researchers from the University of Leeds found two genetic variants in non-invasive bladder cancer tumours, which could lead to more personalized therapy. The study also revealed that women are more likely to have a defect in a specific tumour suppressor gene, opening up new avenues for research.
Researchers discovered low genetic diversity in domestic ferrets globally, making them more susceptible to diseases and disorders. The study highlights the importance of incorporating genetically diverse ferrets from other countries into breeding programs to minimize inbreeding and reduce the risk of disease transmission.
A nationwide population-based study found that death rates from lupus remain high compared to the general population, with significant disparities observed among older persons, females, blacks, and Hispanics. The study suggests that targeted research and public health programs may help address these disparities.
Children considered at risk for retinoblastoma should receive genetic counseling and testing as soon as possible to detect the disease early. The new guidelines aim to improve care for these children by focusing on those at highest risk while reducing unnecessary examinations.
Researchers at Alliance for Cancer Gene Therapy (ACGT) have received $1.3 million in critical funding to study immunotherapy and virotherapy for three deadly forms of cancer: glioblastoma, sarcoma, and ovarian cancer. The grants will support clinical trials to test innovative treatments using gene therapy.
A major study of genetic information found that education leads to a longer life, with almost a year added for each year spent studying beyond school. Lifestyle choices such as quitting smoking, studying longer, and being open to new experiences also contribute to a longer lifespan.
A study published in Gastroenterology identifies the gene mutation responsible for fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, a rare form of liver cancer mainly affecting children and young people. The researchers used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to introduce the mutation into mice, resulting in 12 out of 15 developing tumors.
The study found that the world's 'better' countries, with greater access to healthcare, experience much higher rates of cancer incidence than the world's 'worse off' countries. The rate of most cancers in the top 10 best countries was greater than in the 10 worst countries.
Researchers have identified a new genetic marker, BRF1, associated with up to 1.4% of hereditary colon cancer cases. The finding allows for personalized follow-up programs and potential prevention of early onset cancer in mutation carriers.
Researchers at CRI discover lactate acts as a fuel source for growing tumors, contradicting the nearly century-old Warburg effect. The finding has significant implications for therapies and imaging techniques for lung cancer.
A recent study has identified 150 genetic drivers of diffuse large B cell lymphoma, a common form of blood cancer. The research, led by Duke Cancer Institute scientists, found correlations between specific genes and treatment responses, opening up new avenues for targeted therapies.
The approved gene therapy Kymriah offers hope for children and young adults with relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, its high cost and limited accessibility pose significant challenges for policy-makers and patients alike.
A Russian scientist has proposed a model to predict cancer development by analyzing the relationship between age and morbidity. The model uses the Erlang probability distribution to estimate the number of key carcinogenic events for each cancer type.
Researchers have identified networks of genes related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that may also be involved in cancer, potentially leading to new treatment options. The study used a computational technique to account for gene interactions, revealing genes that could affect similar pathways.
Researchers identified a new genetic syndrome caused by biallelic mutations in the FANCM gene, leading to early cancer formations and chemotherapy toxicity. Patients with this syndrome did not develop Fanconi anaemia, but had a higher risk of breast cancer and chromosomal fragility.
Researchers discover genetic alteration directly involved in at least 10% of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases. The Capicua gene acts as a tumour suppressor and is linked to resistance to certain treatments.
Researchers found that tiny protein CYREN inhibits fast but error-prone NHEJ pathway and enables slower HR pathway, offering potential tool against cancer. CYREN's discovery clarifies longstanding mystery about DNA repair pathways.
Researchers have developed a method to accurately measure tiny changes in molecular interactions, which can predict cognitive impairment and diagnose mental illness. The technique uses optical tweezers to gauge the effects of gene mutations, offering a new approach to understanding complex diseases.
A study published in Nature Research's Scientific Reports reveals that the novel protein SATB2 can cause normal cells to become malignant, grow and spread like cancer stem cells. Silencing SATB2 suppresses cell growth and cancer stem cell characteristics, suggesting a potential new target for therapy.
A study has characterized all of the circular DNA in the worm <em>C. elegans</em> and three human cell types, revealing different sets of circles in different cell varieties. The researchers used a 50-year-old lab technique called density gradient centrifugation to separate and purify the circular DNA.
A study found that vitamin C activated the enzyme TET2 in mice with genetic mutations that reduce its function, leading to the death of leukemia stem cells. High-dose vitamin C treatment was also shown to suppress the growth of cancer stem cells from human patients implanted in mice.
Researchers developed a DNA sequencing-based method to detect early stage cancers by analyzing circulating tumor DNA in blood plasma. The approach, called TEC-Seq, identified cancer driver genes in over 90% of patients with colorectal, ovarian, lung, and breast cancers.
Researchers have identified a genetic rearrangement involving the NF2 gene that causes meningiomas in long-term childhood cancer survivors. The study suggests that cranial-spinal radiation increases the risk of developing aggressive and recurring brain tumors.
A new evolutionary theory of cancer suggests that cells with dangerous mutations exist all the time but are commonly outcompeted by healthy cells in healthy tissues. However, when the tissue microenvironment is damaged, these pre-cancer cells can thrive and establish themselves in the body.
John J. Mulvihill, MD, receives the ASHG Mentorship Award for his sustained pattern of exemplary mentorship at various academic ranks. He has founded successful genetics training programs and mentored trainees across fields and career stages.
The FDA advisory committee voted unanimously to recommend approval of Novartis' CAR-T therapy Tisagenlecleucel, demonstrating impressive results in hard-to-treat leukemia patients. ACGT's funding played a crucial role in advancing the pioneering treatment.