Articles tagged with Cancer Genetics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study from MSK highlights the fertility concerns of young adult and adolescent cancer survivors, with nearly half reporting uncertainty about their reproductive health. The researchers emphasize the need for more comprehensive fertility-related information and support services in survivorship care.
When cells are exposed to mitochondrial damage, AMPK sends an emergency alert instructing them to break apart into tiny fragments. This process helps recycle damaged pieces and promotes mitochondrial health.
Leonard I. Zon, MD, has made outstanding contributions to the field of cancer genetics with his work on stem cell biology and zebrafish research. His discoveries have led to the development of novel therapeutics for leukemia and melanoma, which are now being evaluated in clinical trials.
Researchers have discovered that the DNA-binding protein Foxd3 acts as a genetic traffic signal, holding stem cells in readiness for transformation during early embryonic development. This discovery sheds light on how development works and has important implications for understanding developmental and adult diseases.
The study found an excess familial risk for almost all types of cancer, including breast and prostate cancer, as well as more rare forms like testicular cancer and melanoma. Researchers estimated that having a twin sibling diagnosed with cancer increases the other twin's risk of developing any type of cancer.
A study of 200,000 twin individuals found an increased cancer risk among those whose co-twin was diagnosed with cancer. The risks varied by type and were higher for monozygotic twins.
A team has identified a second genetically distinct transmissible cancer in Tasmanian devils, which causes facial tumours indistinguishable from the previously discovered cancer. The discovery raises questions about the rarity of transmissible cancers and the vulnerability of Tasmanian devils to developing this type of disease.
A study published in PLOS Genetics found that members of four unrelated US families shared an identical BAP1 gene mutation, which increases cancer risk. The researchers traced the ancestral connection back to a couple who immigrated from Germany in the early 1700s.
Researchers discovered a BAP1 mutation in four unrelated US families, suggesting a possible link between the gene and various cancers. The study's findings have important implications for cancer prevention and early detection, particularly for melanomas.
Research from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that pre- and post-test counseling for genetic mutations increases knowledge and decreases anxiety in BRCA-negative patients. After testing, most women reported declines in general anxiety and improvements in genetic knowledge.
Researchers found that different regions of a single tumor shared varying levels of genetic mutations, ranging from 67% to 93%. This variation could make it harder for targeted therapies to work effectively. The study's findings have significant implications for treatment recommendations and patient care.
A new study has shown that human embryonic stem cells are fit for use in patients, paving the way for clinical trials of cell therapies. The research also establishes a cost-effective approach for monitoring the quality of stem cell-based products and emerging cell therapies.
A recent study found that 8.5% of children with cancer have genetic mutations increasing their risk, highlighting the need for improved counseling and family testing. The study's author, Dr. John M. Maris, emphasizes the importance of understanding how other genes interact with these mutations to cause cancer in children.
Researchers have discovered a new genetic cause of childhood kidney cancer, Wilms tumour, linked to mutations in the REST gene. The study found that REST mutations occur in about 10% of familial cases and can be detected through simple blood tests, providing valuable information for families affected by the disease.
A new study of over 25,000 men has identified four new genetic variants associated with an increased risk of testicular cancer. Testing for these variants combined with existing knowledge has revealed that men in the top one per cent of genetic risk have a ten-fold elevated risk of developing testicular cancer.
Researchers discovered a protein called Zmiz1 that sticks to the Notch gene, triggering its cancer function. Deleting Zmiz1 from Notch eliminates the cancer effect while preserving normal health functions.
A new five-gene signature, MG5, identifies high-risk children with aggressive forms of the disease, suggesting personalized treatment options. The test has been validated in samples from 68 patients and could lead to improved survival rates and reduced side effects.
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia identified a signaling network involving three cancer-causing genes that drive high-risk neuroblastoma. The study found that variants in the LIN28B gene generate abnormal signals that regulate RAN and AURKA proteins, leading to uncontrolled cell growth.
Scientists engineered stem cells with PTPN11 mutations to recreate JMML, clarifying early events in its development and providing new targets for drug design. This 'leukemia in a dish' model can help improve treatment options for patients with this rare blood cancer.
Researchers found that fatty liver disease and scarring have a significant genetic component, with heritability rates of around 50%. The study used twin analysis to show that monozygotic twins were more likely to share similar levels of fat content and liver stiffness.
A national study by University of South Florida researchers and Aetna found that only 36.8% of women received genetic counseling before BRCA testing, with Obstetrician/Gynecologists having the lowest rates. Women who received counseling demonstrated greater knowledge and satisfaction.
A recent study has discovered five new genetic variants associated with brain cancer, including one that increases the risk of glioblastoma by nearly a quarter. These findings provide important clues for developing new treatments against the disease and offer hope for personalized medicine in the future.
A study of 1,000 breast cancer patients found genetic differences between primary tumours and recurring cancers. The research identified potential targets for new therapies, including JAK inhibitors, to prevent cancer recurrence.
Researchers have identified a specific location in the enhancer that, when cut, leads to increased production of fetal hemoglobin. This breakthrough may pave the way for developing gene editing approaches for treating sickle cell disease and related hemoglobin disorders.
A new study reveals that nearly half of testicular cancer risk comes from inherited genetic faults, significantly higher than in most other cancer types. The research suggests testing for specific genetic variants could help identify patients at substantially increased risk and potentially lead to prevention methods.
The new 2015 WHO Classification of Lung Tumors provides standard criteria for pathology diagnosis and clinical practice. The updated classification focuses on histologic subtyping and classification according to predominant subtype, leading to multiple new discoveries in lung adenocarcinoma.
A University of Colorado Cancer Center study identified a specific ratio of MET to centromere 7 that defines patients with MET-driven lung cancer susceptible to crizotinib treatment. This threshold has been associated with responses approaching 70 percent in clinical trials.
The new Northwestern University Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence will use nucleic-acid-based nanoconstructs called Spherical Nucleic Acids (SNAs) to discover new aspects of cancer biology and create effective cancer treatment options. SNAs are nontoxic to humans, offering a versatile tool in medicine.
A recent study by H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center researchers found a significantly higher frequency of BRCA mutations in young black women with breast cancer, particularly among those under 50. This discovery may contribute to the disparity in aggressive breast cancer rates among black women compared to non-Hispanic white women.
A new genetic test identified nine key genes that can predict which myeloma patients are at risk of developing aggressive disease, leading to the development of personalized treatment plans. The test shows promise in identifying patients who may benefit from intensive treatment and improving survival rates.
A study found that multigene panel testing identified harmful mutations in moderate-risk genes and Lynch syndrome genes among 3.8% of women negative for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. The test also recommended additional disease-specific screening and prevention measures for mutation-positive cases.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center have identified a novel genetic biomarker responsible for the progression of breast and prostate cancers. This discovery may aid clinicians in identifying patients who will respond better to common chemotherapy drugs that target aggressive forms of cancer.
Worcester Polytechnic Institute researcher Amity Manning is awarded $747,000 from the National Institutes of Health to explore molecular mechanisms driving genetic instability in cancer cells. The goal is to turn the genetic tables against cancer by understanding how specific molecules affect DNA packaging and organization.
Scientists at MD Anderson Cancer Center discovered the critical role of fumarase enzyme in DNA repair, revealing a key mechanism for reversing genetic damage leading to cancer and therapy resistance. The study's findings have potential implications for developing new cancer treatments by inhibiting DNA-PKs and fumarase.
A new model suggests that evolutionary pressures from healthy tissue keep cells with cancerous mutations in check. The study proposes that the ecosystem of a healthy tissue landscape allows healthy cells to outcompete those with cancerous mutations, but when this balance changes due to aging or stressors, cancer cells can thrive.
Researchers found that 35% of patients with early-onset colorectal cancer (diagnosed before age 35) have a genetic disease, highlighting the need for genetic counseling to identify high-risk family members. Gene panel testing is recommended to uncover underlying mutations, allowing for preventive measures and earlier screening.
Researchers have uncovered how key proteins can switch on RAD51, allowing it to repair cancer-causing DNA damage in cells. Women with faulty RAD51 and BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are at higher risk of developing these cancers.
A portable 'paper machine' uses DNA analysis and detection to diagnose infectious diseases, genetic conditions, and cancer in resource-limited areas. The device costs less than $2 total and can detect as few as five cells of E. coli using ultraviolet light and a smartphone camera.
Scientists have identified key genetic mutations leading to skin cancer progression, similar to those found in human cancers. By analyzing genetic abnormalities in premalignant and fully malignant tumors, researchers found that larger chromosomal copy number alterations were responsible for tumor formation, rather than point mutations.
A study found an inverse association between the risk of endometrial cancer in women with Lynch syndrome and later age of first menstrual cycle, increased parity, and hormonal contraceptive use. Women with the genetic condition may be counseled like the general population regarding hormonal influences on endometrial cancer risk.
A study by Singapore researchers established that gene p73 has both promotional and suppressive functions in tumor growth. The findings suggest that p73 is stabilized and activated under hypoxic conditions, promoting efficient blood vessel formation that supports tumor development.
Researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center have identified a potential non-invasive diagnostic tool for early pancreatic cancer detection. Glypican-1-enriched circulating exosomes were found to be present in small amounts of serum from patients with pancreatic cancer, showing high specificity and sensitivity. Early detection of pancreati...
A nationwide study in Taiwan found a strong association between Parkinson's disease and most types of cancer, including malignant brain tumors and gastrointestinal tract cancers. However, breast, ovarian, and thyroid cancers showed no significant link to PD.
A special issue of Future Oncology explores the role of biomarkers and next-generation sequencing in advancing cancer research and treatment. The issue highlights the potential of these technologies to provide a more precise picture of cancer and identify effective treatments.
A decade-long investigation by Wayne State University and Children's Hospital of Michigan researchers identified a key gene mutation that can trigger acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The mutation affects ETV6, a gene that regulates growth rates in bone marrow, leading to an increased risk of blood cancer.
Researchers have discovered a gene mutation associated with an aggressive form of brain cancer called anaplastic oligodendroglioma. The study found that errors in the TCF12 gene render the protein less able to bind to DNA, leading to reduced activity of other key genes, including CHD1.
The Pew Charitable Trusts and Alexander and Margaret Stewart Trust announced five early-career cancer researchers as Pew-Stewart Scholars. They will receive flexible funding to pursue innovative work aimed at advancing progress toward a cure for cancer.
Research by Thomas Werner and colleagues sheds light on pesticide resistance in Asian fruit flies and links it to cancer-causing genes, providing new insights into human health.
A University of Colorado Cancer Center study found significant genetic differences between colorectal cancer tumors in young and old patients. The study identified altered gene signaling pathways, including PPAR and IGF1R, which may be involved in the development of younger CRC tumors.
The myRisk Hereditary Cancer test assesses 25 genes for mutations associated with eight hereditary cancers. Recent studies have found that the test identifies 100.8% more mutations than BRCA1/2 testing alone, including increased mutations in breast and ovarian cancer patients.
Researchers at the University of Louisville have successfully treated stage IIIb to IV melanoma patients with a modified cold sore virus, resulting in improved survival rates. The therapy, talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), stimulates the immune system to fight cancer cells and has been shown to extend patient survival by 20 months.
While advances in technology have made multigene testing useful in predicting breast cancer risk, clinicians need awareness of its limitations. Recent studies suggest that low-cost genetic testing solutions may cause undue anxiety and stress due to lack of information about many genetic variants.
Researchers found that women who adhered to a Mediterranean diet most closely lowered their risk of womb cancer by more than half. The diet's components included eating lots of vegetables, fruits and nuts, pulses, cereals and potatoes, fish, monounsaturated fats, and moderate alcohol intake.
A genetically engineered herpes virus has been shown to halt the progression of skin cancer by killing cancer cells and sparking an immune system response against tumours. The trial involved 436 patients and showed a durable treatment response in 16.3% of patients, with responses extending past three years.
Researchers found that adding genetic information to a smoker's clinical risk profile results in improved lung cancer screening adherence, with higher-risk individuals more likely to adhere to follow-up CT scans. The study suggests that gene-based risk assessment can improve screening compliance and reduce the need for reclassification.
Researchers have developed a strategy for creating customized cancer vaccines based on the unique genetic blueprint of each tumor. By identifying relevant mutations and using synthetic RNA vaccines, they have shown promising results in animal models, paving the way for targeted treatment of various types of cancer.
Researchers found that inactivating Lhx2 in mature neurons can reprogram them to process different senses, expanding one region at the expense of another. This discovery provides proof of brain plasticity and may lead to new therapeutic approaches for treating human disorders such as autism.
Researchers have developed a new method to assess cancer risk from certain common environmental pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The study found that analyzing the genetic responses of skin cells exposed to these pollutants can predict their potential to cause cancer.
A recent study found that almost half of patients opted out of comprehensive cancer gene screening due to concerns about uncertainty and potential distress. Pre-test counseling significantly reduced anxiety in these patients, but highlighted the need for individualized guidance before genetic testing.
A study by Manchester researchers has identified genetic subtypes in high-risk endometrial cancer patients, allowing for more targeted treatments. The classification of these subtypes can predict patient relapse and identify specific mutations that can be targeted with anti-cancer drugs.