Articles tagged with Cancer Genetics
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center identified four genetic variants associated with increased risk of death in non-small cell lung cancer patients. These variants also indicate a greater risk of death if treatment plans include surgery without chemotherapy compared to those with chemotherapy following surgery.
Researchers at Michigan State University found that genetic background affects the outcomes of interactions between genetic mutations about 75 percent of the time. This discovery has huge implications for understanding how genes interact with each other, and may help explain why some people respond differently to treatments.
Researchers used single-cell RNA sequencing to track the genetic development of a human and mouse embryo at an unprecedented level of accuracy. The technique could lead to earlier and more accurate diagnoses of genetic diseases, even when the embryo consists of only eight cells.
Scientists have identified a novel gene, mda-9/syntenin, as a potential therapeutic target for bladder cancer. The study showed that the gene helps regulate bladder cancer growth and metastasis, making it a promising target for detecting and monitoring the disease.
A groundbreaking study reveals that nearly 340 genes on the X chromosome contribute to sperm production, surprising scientists who once viewed it as a stable and unchanging chromosome. The research, published in Nature Genetics, uses advanced sequencing methods to assemble the first accurate reference sequence of the human X chromosome.
Researchers are studying the evolution and biology of human pregnancy, genetic factors contributing to preterm birth, and racial disparities in preterm birth rates. The study aims to identify potential targets for further research and address environmental factors such as drinking or smoking.
Research by UCLA mathematician Marcus Roper reveals that fungus cells use a dynamic movement of nuclei to keep them well mixed, benefiting the organism's infectiousness. The flow is propelled by pressure gradients across the colony, optimizing nuclear mixing for maximum advantage.
A new study found that DNA abnormalities, specifically clonal mosaic events, are more common in people with type 2 diabetes than the general population. This increase in CMEs may partly explain why individuals with type 2 diabetes have a higher risk of blood cancers like lymphoma and leukaemia.
Researchers at IDIBELL and ICO aim to study pathogenicity of variants in DNA repair genes MSH2 and MSH6. The funding will improve molecular diagnostics of Lynch syndrome, enabling better risk assessment and prevention measures.
Researchers at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center have developed a new method to rapidly identify genetic changes in small protein fragments unique to melanoma cancer cells. The approach harnesses tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, which have been shown to reduce cancerous lesions and improve outcomes.
Researchers from NYU-Poly and NYU have received a grant to study histone modification, a key process in gene regulation. The study aims to understand the precise mechanisms of histone acetyltransferases (HATs), which are associated with diseases like cancer and diabetes.
Researchers found that 30% of people with colorectal cancer did not act on genetic screening results, missing the diagnosis of Lynch syndrome. This study assesses the impact of routine screening for Lynch syndrome and highlights the importance of individuals taking action on test results.
A genetic rogue element known as chimeric transcript LCT13 is linked to the silencing of a tumor suppressor gene TFPI-2, promoting cancer invasion and metastasis. The study suggests that 'junk DNA' can interfere with normal cell function, providing new insights into cancer progression.
A new measure of genetic diversity within tumors has been found to predict treatment outcomes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Higher levels of genetic heterogeneity were associated with shorter overall survival, and the relationship was seen across different risk groups.
A new paper in Science pushes back against recent recommendations from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, arguing that returning genetic incidental findings without patient consent violates basic human rights. The authors urge patients' autonomy to remain firmly in place as science advances.
Scientists at Texas Biomedical Research Institute have identified four genes (TENC1, ERBB3, ACVR1B, and DGKA) that influence levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. This discovery could lead to the development of new drugs to reduce heart disease risk in humans.
Researchers at Walter and Eliza Hall Institute discover that p53 protein can prevent cancer formation even without regulating cell death or division after DNA damage. The study sheds new light on the complex functions of p53, which was previously believed to have a straightforward role in preventing cancer.
A study found genetic loci associated with H pylori seroprevalence through genome-wide association studies and meta-analysis. Genetic testing for H pylori susceptibility outside of research projects is premature due to the current approach's limitations.
A novel high-throughput screening method has identified agents that can block EZH2 methyltransferase, a key enzyme in tumor development. This approach uses AlphaLisa technology to detect methylation and accelerates the identification of small molecule inhibitors for cancer treatment.
A major international study has found that sequence differences in a gene crucial to chromosome integrity predispose individuals to certain cancers. The study, published in Nature Genetics, identified variations in the TERT gene as influencing telomere length and breast and ovarian cancer risk.
Researchers identified three BRCA1 gene variants as pathogenic, increasing breast and ovarian cancer risk. These findings will improve genetic counseling and allow for personalized cancer assessment.
Researchers at Columbia University developed a new computational model that uses gene signatures to predict breast cancer survival with high accuracy. The model, which won a crowd-sourced challenge, has the potential to improve diagnostic and prognostic products for multiple types of cancer.
Researchers at the University of Alberta have identified genes responsible for DNA repair and cell division in cancer cells, which can be targeted by caffeine. The study used fruit flies with a mutant gene to find new ways to exploit caffeine's lethal effects on cancer cells.
Researchers have identified a novel surface marker called Cd1d to isolate mammary gland stem cells with unprecedented purity. This breakthrough allows for high-degree profiling of normal and cancer stem cells, potentially leading to the development of new breast cancer drug targets.
Scientists at LSU Health Sciences Center have discovered the inner workings of E6AP enzyme, controlling functions in nerve cells and viral replication. This finding provides potential strategies for designing drugs to block E6AP function in HPV and Hepatitis C viruses.
The study reveals that varying genetic information copies affect cell tolerance to cancer medication and antibiotics. This discovery may help explain differences in organism responses to environmental changes and certain medications' side effects on sperm and eggs.
Researchers have identified a set of misregulated genes common to tobacco-related cancers, which are associated with poor patient outcomes in lung and bladder cancers. These genes relate to the regulation of the cell cycle and could serve as a new prognostic tool to predict survival rates for patients with tobacco-related cancers.
Researchers identified BRCA2 gene mutation as first genetic factor for prostate cancer prognosis, associated with advanced disease and higher mortality rates. The study suggests a need for new treatment strategies for patients carrying these mutations.
Beneforté broccoli consistently produces 2-3 times the amount of glucoraphanin as other varieties without affecting yield or nutrient levels. Genetic analysis identified a single gene responsible for increased glucoraphanin production, which channels more sulphur from the soil into this compound.
A novel protein governing metastasis and chemoresistance in pediatric osteosarcoma has been discovered using K9 osteosarcoma samples. The IGF2BP1 protein's overexpression is linked to aggressive disease progression, offering a potential target for treatment.
Researchers have identified a protein called E2F3 that activates the IGF2 gene in normal development and cancer, shedding light on the genetic underpinnings of common cancers. This discovery may help understand the complex genetic choreography responsible for normal growth and diseases.
A new study links Lynch syndrome to a higher lifetime risk of prostate cancer and earlier age of onset, suggesting regular screening for men with the condition. The research estimates that men with Lynch syndrome have a 30% lifetime risk of developing prostate cancer, compared to 18% in the general population.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic Cancer Center identified the HNF1B gene as a contributor to ovarian cancer susceptibility through large-scale analysis of over 16,000 women. Variations in this gene are associated with different ovarian cancer subtypes and DNA methylation patterns.
Researchers have discovered five new genetic regions associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer, found in over 40,000 women. These findings may lead to the development of new screening and prevention strategies for high-risk individuals.
Three Ludwig scientists - Webster K. Cavenee, Bert Vogelstein, and Robert A. Weinberg - were named Fellows in the inaugural class of the AACR Academy for their pioneering work in cancer research. The recognition honors their contributions to enhancing cancer understanding and accelerating new treatments.
A new study has identified genetic alterations in the RGS pathway as key factors linked to bladder cancer risk, recurrence, disease progression, and patient survival. The research found that specific variants were associated with increased or decreased risks, providing potential molecular markers for screening and treatment.
The study found that many young black women with BRCA mutations do not receive genetic counseling or testing, despite meeting national guidelines. This may represent a missed clinical opportunity to reduce breast cancer incidence and mortality.
Researchers characterized how the functionality of genetically engineered T cells administered therapeutically to patients with melanoma changed over time. A new population of T cells emerged at around one month that exhibited tumor-killing characteristics through epitope spreading, suggesting a potential cause for the transient response.
A genetic score based on PCa risk-associated SNPs improves predictive performance of existing clinical variables, especially for patients with low PSA levels. The study identified 25 SNPs significantly associated with PCa risk and found that the genetic score was an independent predictor of biopsy outcomes.
A new protein Smad7 has been found to protect against and heal mouth sores commonly associated with cancer treatment. The protein was administered genetically or topically to mouse models, resulting in dramatic resistance to oral mucositis development.
Researchers recommend exploring genetic testing to identify people at high risk for preventable diseases, with the technology becoming increasingly accessible and affordable. A carefully selected panel of genetic tests could avert disastrous health consequences in individuals at high risk.
Researchers developed a genetic mouse model of an incurable human cancer and demonstrated that blocking the CXCR4 receptor molecule can inhibit tumor development. The study revealed a potential target for therapy of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, which are rare but highly aggressive and resistant to treatment.
Researchers have discovered a connection between a genetic variant in the FTO gene and an increased risk of developing melanoma. The study, published in Nature Genetics, suggests that this gene plays a role in various diseases beyond obesity and BMI.
A study published in The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry found that a lifelong diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids can inhibit the growth of breast cancer tumours. Mice producing omega-3s developed only two-thirds as many tumours and had 30-per-cent smaller tumours compared to control mice.
A study found that genetic variation within a single tree allows it to produce branches with leaves resistant to herbivory, while others are more susceptible. The variations in genes related to terpene production influence the leaves' edibility.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute used next-generation gene-sequencing technology to chart changes in CLL tissue samples from 149 patients. The study provides a strobe-like look at the genetic past, present, and future of CLL tumors, shedding light on why CLL often recurs after treatment.
Researchers at UC Davis have identified the essential role of Rnf212 protein in chromosome crossovers, a process vital for sexual reproduction. The study found that Rnf212 defines where crossovers occur, potentially reducing fertility and leading to chromosomal diseases.
Researchers developed a new mouse model to study clear cell sarcoma (CCS), a rare and aggressive soft tissue cancer. The model can potentially speed the development of drugs targeting genes required for CCS formation.
A study published in BMC Medicine found that newborns of obese fathers have lower DNA methylation levels of the IGF2 gene, which codes for a growth factor important during fetal development. This can lead to increased cancer risk later in life.
USC researchers create genetically engineered mice with CD1d molecules similar to humans to trigger natural killer T cells and potentially develop effective immunotherapies. The discovery aims to improve the efficacy of existing drugs and vaccines against human diseases.
A study by CNIO researchers discovered that caloric restriction increases telomere length in adult mice, leading to a lower incidence of cancer and age-related illnesses. The study also found that mice on reduced diets lived up to 20% longer than those with normal diets.
This special issue of Evolutionary Applications delves into the evolutionary principles underlying cancer, including natural selection, mutation, and genetic drift. Key findings highlight the diversity of cancer types and how environmental factors, such as tobacco availability, contribute to our vulnerability.
Researchers discovered that interfering with Hexokinase-2 reduces medulloblastoma's aggressiveness and allows long-term survival in mice. The enzyme plays a key role in aerobic glycolysis, a process also used by rapidly dividing cells, including cancer cells.
The first series of debates on cancer development explores two major theories: Somatic Mutation Theory and Tissue Organization Field Theory. Researchers propose focusing on explaining paradoxes to advance cancer research.
Researchers found three distinct subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, each more aggressive than the next, with varying levels of abnormal DNA methylation. This study suggests that epigenomic abnormalities play a significant role in cancer development and progression.
A new study reveals snippets of information in dark matter that can alter the way a gene is assembled. This discovery opens doors to studying the dark matter of genes and further understanding how mutations or polymorphisms affect gene functions.
A new study by researchers from the Mayo Clinic and Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group found that genetic differences in liver enzyme CYP2D6 play a key role in tamoxifen's effectiveness. Women with altered CYP2D6 enzyme activity had higher rates of breast cancer recurrence and death, while those with normal enzyme activi...
Researchers found that Xbp1s regulates liver metabolic switch after eating, while low iron accelerates H. pylori-induced gastric cancer. Additionally, p62 is crucial for brown fat thermogenesis, and dendritic cells play a protective role in atherosclerosis.
Researchers at U of T discovered a major source of evolutionary differences among species by analyzing hundreds of thousands of genetic messages in equivalent organs across 10 different vertebrate species. Alternative splicing has dramatically changed the structure and complexity of genetic messages during vertebrate evolution.
A preclinical study using a molecularly targeted treatment has successfully shrunk large majority of neurofibromas in mice with Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1). The treatment, PD0325901, blocked MEK protein signaling, reducing tumor growth and feeding blood vessels.