Articles tagged with Cancer Genomics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The Cancer Genome Atlas reports findings on the MGMT gene, which makes brain cancer cells more responsive to treatment but also leads to mutations in other genes essential for DNA repair. These mutations contribute to cancer recurrence and resistance to treatment.
The study identifies frequently mutated genes, including ERBB2 and NF1, which were previously underestimated in their role in glioblastoma. The analysis also provides a wide view of how cell pathways are altered during the initiation and growth of glioblastoma, offering insights into strategies to diagnose and treat the disease.
A team of researchers has conducted a comprehensive analysis of genomic variation in glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. The study's findings highlight the importance of integrating genomic and epigenomic measurements to better understand cancer genetics.
Researchers found a gene enhancer, HACNS1, that may have contributed to the evolution of the human opposable thumb and adaptations for walking on two legs. The discovery provides significant insights into genetic differences between humans and chimpanzees.
A new study identifies three groups of cancers distinguished by early developmental signatures, shedding light on their gene expression patterns. This research provides a reference framework for interpreting smaller-scale functional studies and has implications for understanding human disease from a 'macrobiological' approach.
IGV integrates multiple types of genomic data, allowing for rapid analysis and visualization. The tool provides flexible zooming and panning across all resolution scales.
The University of Alabama at Birmingham has joined a national consortium working to improve treatment and survival for patients with glioma, a type of malignant brain tumor. The Ivy Genomics-Based Medicine Project will use advanced molecular profiling and testing to identify personalized treatments for patients.
The Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation has awarded fellowships to 14 promising young scientists conducting innovative cancer research projects. The three-year award provides independent funding to support their work in basic and translational cancer research.
Researchers at A*STAR have discovered a novel approach to kill colon cancer cells using a genetic regulator called DACT3. The team developed a pharmacological strategy to restore DACT3 expression, leading to effective inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and massive death of colon cancer cells.
A new study combines clinical characteristics with genomic profiles to predict breast cancer prognosis and guide treatment. By matching the right drugs with the right patients, researchers aim to provide more personalized treatment strategies.
Researchers investigated germline homozygosity in patients with solid tumors, finding high frequencies of this characteristic associated with increased cancer risk. The study suggests that germline homozygosity at specific loci may contribute to cancer predisposition and could be considered in future cancer risk assessments.
Genetic tests marketed directly to consumers may be premature and lack scientific validity. Dr. Kenneth Offit warns of the risks of self-ordering these tests without guidance from healthcare professionals. He advocates for cautious introduction of new 'whole genome' testing in clinical trials.
Genomic medicine shows modest positive effects on psychological outcomes and consumer interest in genetic testing to identify disease risks, but faces significant barriers to integration, including inadequate workforce knowledge and confidence.
Researchers found that viruses associated with microbialites are distinct from those in other environments and indicate the structures' connection to ancient ecosystems. The study provides insights into the evolution of life on Earth and the origins of these unique ecosystems.
Researchers found that human and dog cancers share a common genetic basis. The study discovered identical genetic abnormalities in both species for certain types of cancer, suggesting cancer may be inevitable due to shared genome evolution.
Researchers warn that powerful molecular tools in cancer research can lead to misleading conclusions due to the complexity of generated data. The team highlights the need for better understanding of the challenges in analyzing these genomic and proteomic technologies.
Researchers have developed two molecular analogues of curcumin that demonstrate enhanced tumor suppressive properties against colorectal cancer. These new compounds have shown improved bioavailability and potency compared to natural curcumin.
The National Human Genome Research Institute is funding two new centers to explore genomic mechanisms in vertebrate diversity. The centers will use the stickleback fish model to identify genetic signatures driving adaptive changes, with potential implications for human diseases.
Research reveals a critical link between protein 'chat' and cancer development, shedding light on three rare but deadly disorders. Shortened chromosome ends can lead to genetic instability, promoting cancer growth.
A UVa-led team has discovered that chromatin packing plays a crucial role in determining gene expression timing. By analyzing the replication of genes in different cell lines, researchers found that loosely packed chromatin allows for early gene expression, while densely packed chromatin leads to late expression.
Researchers used a recombinant adeno-associated virus to study genomic instability in sporadic cancers, identifying breakage-prone palindromes that can contribute to cancer and aging. The discovery provides an opportunity to study these sequences on a whole genome scale.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute found that protein p53 prompts skin to tan in response to ultraviolet light, deterring melanoma skin cancer. This process may also underlie people's desire for sunshine and is linked to stress response in the body.
Researchers have identified numerous variations in gene copy number that may contribute to cancer risk and other complex diseases. The study used a new technique to analyze gene copy number in mouse strains, revealing potential implications for human health and illness.
A study found specific genetic alterations in the stroma of head and neck skin cancers are linked to smoking and tumor aggressiveness. The research identified key genomic regions that may harbor genes related to clinical outcome and targeted therapy.
Researchers identified a mutated separase gene responsible for chromosomal instability and increased tumor load in zebrafish exposed to carcinogens. The study highlights the importance of genomic stability genes in tumor development.
Researchers at UCSD School of Medicine identify a protein group that forms the chromosome-spindle connection, allowing for accurate genome distribution. They also discover a complex that helps cells discriminate between correct and incorrect spindle connections, shutting down pulling processes to prevent genetic birth defects and cancer.
A panel of genomic tests analyzes a cancerous tumor's molecular traits to determine the most effective chemotherapy, potentially saving lives and reducing toxic side effects. The tests show 80% accuracy in predicting which drugs will kill the tumor.
A new gene expression-based chemical genomic approach has identified potent inhibitors of androgen receptor signaling, including celastrol and gedunin, which may overcome prostate cancer treatment resistance. Additionally, rapamycin has been found to potentially reverse glucocorticoid resistance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
A team led by Berkeley Lab's Susan J. Fisher and Joe W. Gray aims to identify cancer-specific proteins and patterns in blood samples for early detection. By combining genome-wide studies with mass-spectrometry-based protein analysis, the team hopes to develop a more accurate test for all cancers.
The Starr Cancer Consortium aims to coordinate research efforts among five renowned institutions to understand and treat cancer. The collaboration will focus on developing new technologies, diagnostic approaches, and treatments for various forms of the disease.
Researchers identified a number of activity patterns in genes that make tumors biologically different, providing valuable information for treatment decisions. Four out of five predictors showed significant agreement in their outcome predictions, indicating potential for personalized treatments.
The Lung Metagene Predictor scans thousands of genes to identify patterns of gene activity in individual tumors, predicting a patient's likelihood of recurrence and recommending chemotherapy accordingly. The test has the potential to save thousands of lives each year by targeting high-risk patients with aggressive treatment.
A study found that HPV16 and 18 variants persist longer in people whose ancestors are from the same geographical area as the virus. The research suggests that genetic variants specific to racial groups may play a role in persistence. Future studies should examine possible mechanisms behind variant-specific immune evasion.
Researchers found a discrepancy in reported maternal vs paternal relatives with breast cancer, suggesting under-reporting on the paternal side. This could lead to inaccurate family history and missed screenings for breast cancer.
Aberrant V(D)J recombination is found to be more common than thought, generating chromosomal abnormalities in human lymphomas. The study estimates that this process results in approximately 10,000 transpositions per day for the average adult.
Researchers have identified a new global mechanism for gene repression, using histones and the SUMO protein to silence genes. The study found that sumoylation occurs near telomeres and is involved in maintaining genomic stability.
A study by Mayo Clinic researchers identified 8 genes with significant under-expression and 3 with over-expression, strongly implicating them in prostate cancer development and progression. The findings suggest that these genes may serve as biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting prostate cancer, potentially improving treatment outcomes.
Mutations in the EphB2 gene are found in 15% of African-American men with a strong family history, compared to 5% without a history. This gene mutation is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer in African-American men, particularly those with a family history.
The study highlights the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors in determining human aging. While there is no single gene responsible for aging, genetics account for approximately 25% of how a person ages, with stress, environment, nutrition, lifestyle, and immunity also playing significant roles.
A new technique using a customized gene chip can rapidly detect genetic changes in neuroblastoma tumors, helping doctors predict treatment outcomes and guide therapy. The approach may also be adapted for other types of cancer with DNA changes important to their prognosis.
Researchers found accelerated chromosomal evolution since dinosaurs disappeared, with rates of change increasing 2-5 fold. The study identified segmental duplication around breakpoint sites, potentially linked to human diseases like cancer.
A novel tool has been developed to accurately classify human cancers based on microRNA expression patterns, offering a promising diagnostic approach. The study reveals striking correlations between miRNA profiles and specific tumor types, providing new insights into the genomic approaches to cancer diagnosis.
Researchers analyzed gene-expression libraries from daf-2 mutants to identify genes critical to aging. They found that metabolic processes were repressed in early and mid-life adults, contributing to longevity. Stress-response factors were also differentially expressed, suggesting protection against cellular stress may increase lifespan.
A recent study found that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations are more common in never smokers, females, and patients of East Asian ancestry. The mutations were also associated with increased sensitivity to gefitinib and erlotinib, tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
A study led by The Wistar Institute discovered that the enzyme Ubp10 plays a crucial role in protecting the genome's telomeric regions from destabilization. This protection may help prevent genetic recombinations that can trigger cancer or accelerate aging.
The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) has awarded 6 minority researchers to attend cancer conferences in 2005. The awards allowed early career scientists from underrepresented groups to attend the conferences, providing them with opportunities to share new discoveries and advance their careers.
The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) has awarded four faculty members from Minority-Serving Institutions for their meritorious work in basic, clinical, or translational cancer research. The awardees attended special conferences focused on oncogenesis and oncogenomics.
Researchers analyzed chromatin structure in human chromosomes and found similar patterns in equivalent regions of the mouse genome, revealing new insights into regulatory functions and potential connections to cancer. This study advances our understanding of how genes are turned on and off, with implications for improving human health.
Researchers discovered over 2,200 new human-specific Alu DNA repeats not found in chimpanzees, suggesting an explosive expansion of genetic code. This finding contradicts the idea of natural selection and highlights a chemical process driving human evolution.
A mouse model of Werner's syndrome reveals a link between aging and cancer development, suggesting that telomere shortening accelerates disease progression. The study suggests that genomic instability is a common denominator in both aging and cancer, with telomere length playing a key role.
A large family-based study identified specific genes associated with increased prostate cancer susceptibility, highlighting the potential for early detection and targeted surveillance. The study's findings also revealed that prostate cancers in genetically predisposed individuals tend to be more aggressive and fatal.
Scientists at The Wistar Institute discovered a binding site that, if blocked, could activate the protein to promote genomic stability and decrease cancer. By analyzing the molecular details of how sirtuins work, researchers identified potential activators using virtual libraries of molecules.
Researchers have identified two distinct forms of chromatin, a previously unrecognized level of genomic organization. This discovery has broad potential applications in cancer diagnosis and assigning functions to genome subsections.
Researchers used a novel technique to identify and precisely locate all predicted C. elegans genes, finding that 56% did not match the actual genes. The success in the worm genome suggests it can be applied to the human genome, bringing scientists closer to an accurate map.
A new study reveals that ATR kinase plays a crucial role in maintaining genome integrity by regulating cell cycle checkpoints and preventing DNA damage. The study shows that ATR is essential for ensuring cells leave the cell cycle without DNA damage, which can lead to diseases such as cancer.
A study reveals that EXO1 is essential for both male and female germ cell meiosis, highlighting its role in fertility. Mice lacking Exo1 function developed tumors and experienced severely depleted sperm levels, suggesting a link between EXO1 and cancer.
A new chip technology is being developed to analyze cancer genes, promising faster and more accurate diagnoses. The technology uses DNA microarrays to screen thousands of genes simultaneously, allowing for quicker testing than current methods.
The study identified specific genes regulated by Nrf2 in response to sulforaphane, a compound found in broccoli that can annihilate a broad spectrum of carcinogens. By understanding how this process works, researchers may develop new cancer preventive agents.
A single amino acid change in Rad50 can have far-reaching effects on genetic information transmission, impairing stem cell populations and predisposing to cancer. Mice with the mutation display genomic instability, partial embryonic lethality, and a higher risk of lymphoma development.
Researchers investigate the remarkable resilience of the mummichog fish to chronic pollution in the Elizabeth River. The study reveals that these fish have adapted through genetic changes, but this comes at a cost, such as increased cancer risk and reduced ability to thrive in clean environments.