Articles tagged with Cancer Genomics
Researchers discovered two distinct molecular clocks operating at different stages of tumor growth, with implications for chemotherapy resistance and prognosis. The study used single-cell genome sequencing to profile thousands of cells, providing insights into genomic diversity and its potential clinical applications.
Scientists have identified four biological subtypes of stomach cancer based on shared mutations and molecular abnormalities, promising to guide clinical trials for improved therapies. The new classification could lead to targeted treatments for aggressive cancers with a high five-year survival rate below 25 percent.
A study has identified over 27,000 endogenous retroviruses preserved in the genomes of 38 mammal species, including humans. Larger animals have fewer ERVs, suggesting they may have evolved mechanisms to combat cancer-causing mutations.
A study found that variations in the TANC1 gene are associated with a greater risk of radiation-driven side effects in prostate cancer patients. The research team developed a predictive genomic test to optimize treatment plans, allowing for improved quality of life for many cancer survivors.
A new protease, Wss1, has been identified as a safeguarding factor that removes DNA-protein crosslinks, enabling cells to duplicate their genome. Cells lacking Wss1 are highly sensitive to damage and suffer from genomic instability.
Researchers have discovered that aspirin use slows down certain aging processes of the genome, while smoking accelerates them. The study found a significant correlation between aspirin use and reduced DNA methylation changes in healthy women over 50 years old, suggesting a possible mechanism for cancer prevention.
The Jackson Laboratory Cancer Center has renewed its NCI grant for another year, solidifying its position as a world-class institution in multidisciplinary cancer research. The center supports innovative projects and collaborates with major academic medical centers to develop precise interventions for preventing cancer progression.
Researchers at MedStar Washington Hospital Center found that African-American women are more likely to be diagnosed with biologically less favorable subtypes of breast cancer. Genomic profiling identified specific molecular subtypes associated with a higher risk of recurrence.
Researchers discovered a novel drug combination that targets BCL2 protein mutations in follicular lymphoma, a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The study's findings suggest that this combination therapy is safe and effective against mouse models of the disease.
The DREAM project has successfully mined genomic data to predict breast cancer cell line responses to drugs, achieving 78% accuracy in identifying sensitive versus resistant cell lines. The study also identified molecular markers that can be tested against large collections of human samples.
A new study published in Cell Reports demonstrates that mice lacking one copy of the CTCF gene are predisposed to cancer due to abnormal DNA methylation. The research also reveals deletions or mutations in CTCF are common events in breast, endometrial, and other human cancers.
Researchers discovered that tumors with specific immunogenic mutations can activate a protective immune response, leading to higher overall survival rates. The study's findings support personalized cancer immunotherapy approaches and the use of tumor-specific mutations in creating targeted vaccines.
Researchers at McGill University discovered that the shape of a leukemia cell's genome holds a key to solving the puzzle of human diseases. The study validates a new approach for classifying human disease using 3D genomics, which may improve personalized treatment.
Researchers discovered an enzyme pathway that safeguards against genome errors and cancer. Cdc14 activates Yen1 to repair breaks in DNA, helping to prevent devastating errors like chromosome loss.
A genetic variant found in one in three people increases the risk of colorectal cancer when consuming processed meat. The study, involving 18,000 participants, suggests that targeted prevention strategies may be possible based on genomic profiles.
Researchers found a genetic connection between APOBEC family of genes and breast cancer development. The study linked the genes to mutations present in half of all cancer types, supporting their role in cancer-causing processes.
Researchers discovered several novel genetic defects that cause oesophageal squamous carcinoma, a type of aggressive cancer prevalent in Singapore and Southeast Asia. The study provides insight into the molecular basis of this disease and potential new therapies for treatment.
The National Cancer Institute has awarded a three-year grant of $2.2 million to Professor Yijun Ruan for his research on noncoding RNAs in cancer and other diseases. The grant aims to identify novel ncRNAs and their interactions with DNA, which could lead to diagnostic biomarkers and new genomic therapeutic targets.
Researchers have identified 32 genes with recurring defects in muscle-invasive bladder cancer, offering a roadmap for targeted treatments. The study also found frequent alterations in chromatin regulation and viral DNA involvement in bladder cancer development.
A landmark study across many cancer types reveals that the universe of cancer mutations is much bigger than previously thought. The team's work expands the list of known genes tied to these cancers by 25 percent.
Researchers identified four subtypes of HER2+ breast cancer, including Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched, and Basal-Like, with varying responses to anti-HER2 therapy and chemotherapy. The study suggests that personalized treatment strategies may improve treatment outcomes for patients.
Researchers at Jefferson Breast Care Center found that genomic tests like MammaPrint and BluePrint provide more accurate classification of breast cancer subtypes than traditional methods. These tests enable better identification of patients who benefit from chemotherapy, reducing unnecessary treatment risks.
Researchers develop individualized systems medicine strategy to select effective cancer therapies for patients, understanding and predicting drug resistance. The approach aids in optimizing patient therapies, with promising results in treating chemoresistant adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients.
Researchers at McGill University Health Centre propose a new model for the development of ETMR/ETANTR, a deadly type of brain tumour found only in children under four. They identify DNMT3B as a potential target for therapies to combat the disease.
Researchers found that cyclin D1 induces the processing of mature microRNA through Dicer, leading to reduced levels of miRNAs in certain cancers. This mechanism may contribute to the initiation and progression of aggressive basal-like breast cancer subtypes.
A CNIO study has discovered that genome replication mirrors the evolutionary history of living beings, with older genes replicating first. This model suggests that new genes emerge in later stages of genome replication, potentially leading to the development of complex structures and organs.
Researchers at the University of Montreal have discovered a new role for non-coding RNA molecule TERRA in maintaining telomere length and protecting against cancer. By tracking telomerase molecules with TERRA, scientists found that this 'dark matter' plays a crucial role in regulating telomerase activity.
A massive data analysis has implicated dozens of mutations in breast and prostate cancer development, focusing on non-coding DNA elements. The study provides new insights into the causes and treatment of cancer.
Researchers at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center developed a new approach for cancer therapy development using tumor genomic signatures. The study confirms two major hypotheses, showing that a limited number of genetic events cause most tumor subtypes and that oncogenic signatures are largely independent of tissue origin.
Cancer biologists use a new approach to study human tumors by transplanting them into mice with crippled immune systems. The results show high genomic fidelity between the original tumors and transplanted cancer cells in mice, providing insights into drug resistance. This approach may lead to more precise treatment choices and faster d...
Researchers have discovered that non-coding genes are regulated by protein-DNA interactions and can be targeted with more effective drugs. Using high-resolution technology, scientists identified 150,000 complexes along non-coding stretches of DNA in leukemia cell lines.
The EMBO Meeting 2013 conference will feature keynote lectures by prominent scientists, including Kai Simons, Hans Clevers, Sir Michael Stratton, Peter Hegemann, and Georg Nagel. The scientific programme will include sessions on stem cells, cancer genomics, optogenetics, and the search for life beyond Earth.
A comprehensive compendium of mutational processes explains most mutations found in 30 common cancer types, revealing the biological processes responsible. The study identifies a family of enzymes linked to over half of cancer types, and finds that DNA damage from viruses may cause collateral genetic changes.
HudsonAlpha and UAB researchers aim to identify optimal treatments for ER+ breast cancer using tumor genomics. By analyzing genetic data from patients who responded or didn't respond to treatment, they hope to develop targeted therapies.
Singapore scientists have identified genes that are potential targets for therapeutic drugs against aggressive breast cancer. UBASH3B is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that promotes tumor growth and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer patients.
Researchers have discovered that cancer cells can fuse with blood cells, enabling them to travel through the body and seed new tumors. This breakthrough has major implications for treating metastatic cancers.
A set of proteins involved in the body's natural defenses produces a large number of mutations in human DNA, according to a study led by researchers at the National Institutes of Health. In some cancers, these naturally produced mutations can outnumber all other mutations and account for over two-thirds of tumors.
Researchers propose a new theory linking cancer's evolutionary roots to ancient life forms. If correct, it may transform cancer therapy by revealing a systematic response to stress or physical challenges.
Researchers identified a new molecular pathway involving the gene ZNF365 that may predict worse outcomes for patients with breast cancer. Abnormalities in this pathway can lead to genomic instability and an increased risk of developing tumors.
Fei Li, an assistant professor at NYU, has been selected as a Pew Scholar in the Biomedical Sciences. He will continue his research on centromeres and chromosome structure to understand how changes lead to cancer.
Researchers have discovered HER2 gene abnormalities in 14 different types of solid tumors, including breast, esophageal, and lung cancers. The study suggests that these irregularities may benefit from existing anti-HER2 therapies, providing new treatment options for patients with advanced cancer.
Researchers at Penn Medicine have identified four new genetic variants associated with an increased risk of testicular cancer, with markers found at four loci, including 4q22, 7q22, 16q22.3, and 17q22.
A large-scale genomic analysis identified distinct subtypes of endometrial cancer based on their genomic makeup, which may respond to targeted drugs already being tested in clinical trials. The findings suggest that a significant portion of high-grade endometrioid tumors should be treated more aggressively after surgery.
A new study found that adding genomics-based testing to the standard diagnostic workup could lead to a change in recommended treatment for some women. The research identified four novel genomic-based subtypes of endometrial cancer, which suggest that genetic changes can help guide treatment decisions.
Scientists at Fox Chase Cancer Center have identified several dozen transcripts known as lincRNAs that are dysregulated in breast cancer. The study found that these lincRNAs are differentially regulated within breast cancer cell lines, indicating their potential role in tumorigenesis or regulation of other cancers.
Researchers found that ATRX deficiency leads to increased DNA damage and telomere dysfunction. Mice lacking neural ATRX exhibited systemic endocrine dysfunction and shortened lifespans, mirroring human premature aging disorders.
Moffitt researchers have discovered four new regions of the genome linked to ovarian cancer risk, accounting for approximately 4% of inherited component. The findings are part of a coordinated series of studies involving over 250,000 individuals and provide new insights into the disease.
A UNC-led team has identified four molecular classes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a disease with limited information on its molecular profile. The study confirms the presence of these subtypes and demonstrates their clinical relevance, paving the way for targeted therapies.
A recent study published in Developmental Cell identifies piRNAs as the primary guides for epigenetic factors, controlling gene expression patterns in Drosophila. This breakthrough discovery has significant implications for understanding cancer development and may lead to new therapeutic opportunities.
Early-onset prostate cancers have distinct genetic alterations that link genes normally independent to cancer-causing fusion genes. Androgen hormone receptors are also higher in younger patients, suggesting a potential trigger for the disease.
A recent study found that the epigenetic marker 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) plays a vital role in the selective expression of genes, particularly in healthy brain cells. The study also discovered that changes in 5hmC distribution are associated with gene silencing and may contribute to cancer development.
A recent study has identified specific genetic mutations that lead to drug resistance and relapse in childhood leukemia. Researchers found 20 relapse-specific mutations, including a mutation in the NT5C2 gene, which may help doctors detect early signs of relapse and switch treatment strategies.
Researchers discover collisions between DNA duplication and transcription machineries cause chromosomal alterations in tumor cells. Genomic fragile sites are identified as contributing to genome instability throughout evolution.
Two new mutations have been discovered in the 'dark matter' of the cancer genome, occurring in 71 percent of malignant melanoma tumors. The highly recurrent mutations affect a promoter region adjacent to the TERT gene and may contribute to the development of melanoma.
Michael Stratton and Peter Hegemann received the 2013 Louis-Jeantet Prize for their discovery of ion channels activated by light, known as optogenetics, which holds promise for treating neurological diseases. They will use the prize money to continue their research on proteins that can be activated by light.
A study published in PNAS reveals that inflammation enhances the activity of enzyme ADAR1, leading to increased self-renewal and therapeutic resistance in cancer stem cells. Targeting this pathway with a small molecule inhibitor may help prevent relapse and progression of chronic myeloid leukemia.
Bioinformatician Professor Terry Speed has received a 2012 Victoria Prize for Science and Innovation for using statistics to solve biomedical research questions. His work has led to new techniques in cancer, infectious diseases, immunology, and inherited diseases.
Researchers have developed a solution to predict breast cancer cells' response to cancer drugs by analyzing their genomic profiles. The team's solution outperformed 47 other teams in a prediction challenge, taking an encouraging step forward for personalized medicine.
Researchers have successfully genotyped 344 NSCLC specimens with a median turnaround time of 31 days, enabling targeted therapy. This study's findings highlight the potential for large-scale genomic testing to transform lung cancer treatment.
Scientists have discovered that a gene switch regulates the expression of genes and promotes cancer development, according to a study published in Science. The study found that removing a specific region containing a genetic variant increased resistance to tumor formation in mice.