Articles tagged with Cancer Genomics
Berkeley Lab scientists discovered that genetic makeup affects cancer risk from low-dose radiation, identifying key regions in the genome and tumor microenvironment. The findings could lead to genetic screening tests to identify people at high risk of cancer after exposure.
A study published in JNCI found that most online cancer care websites offer nonstandard and unvalidated genetic tests, despite marketing them as personalized and effective. The vast majority of companies promoting these tests do not have evidence to support their clinical utility.
Researchers have generated and analyzed reference epigenome maps for 111 human cell types, revealing the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors in shaping our genome. This breakthrough has significant implications for understanding and treating diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's.
A study published in JAMA Oncology found that at least one clinically relevant genomic alteration was present in most samples tested, suggesting a potential for personalized therapy. The research analyzed 200 cancer of unknown primary site (CUP) samples and identified 169 specimens with potentially targetable genomic alterations.
Researchers found that non-mutated CLL shows increased gene expression variability, while mutated leukaemia has lower variability. This variation is linked to tumour aggressiveness and may help predict disease subtype.
Scientists have made the largest ever catalogue of biological chimeras available to the public domain. The new database comprises over 29,000 small RNA molecules that originate from different genomic regions, which could reveal useful markers for clinical oncology practice and novel drug targets for cancer treatment.
A comprehensive catalog of genetic mutations has been published for 279 head and neck cancers, revealing distinct genetic profiles for HPV-positive and -negative patients. This finding may lead to the development of targeted therapies and improved outcomes for these cancer types.
The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) announces its cancer Advance of the Year, four new treatments improving outlook for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). New therapies include immunotherapy drugs and molecularly targeted drugs offering more effective treatment options.
A groundbreaking TGen-led discovery has identified the likely genetic cause of a rare form of ovarian cancer that affects young women and girls. The study found nearly universal underpinnings for this disease, which usually presents in advanced stages and is resistant to standard chemotherapy.
The Tenth Annual Meeting of the International Conference on Genomics will focus on breakthroughs and advancements in 'omics' research transforming scientific discoveries into better health. Confirmed plenary speakers include prominent figures in the field, highlighting the most influential topics and practical applications.
The University of Chicago is establishing the nation's most comprehensive computational facility to store and harmonize cancer genomic data, expanding access for scientists. The Genomic Data Commons will provide an interactive system for researchers to analyze and identify potential therapeutic targets.
Researchers at A*STAR's Genome Institute of Singapore identified a biomarker called RASAL2 strongly associated with triple negative breast cancer, a highly aggressive form of the disease. High expression levels of RASAL2 in TNBC tumors correlate with lower survival rates and increased metastasis.
Two studies found a subset of somatic mutations in DNA samples from healthy individuals that significantly increase the risk of developing blood cancers. The 'pre-malignant' state becomes more common with age and can be detected by sequencing DNA from blood.
Research reveals Chlamydia trachomatis breaks down protective protein p53, allowing cells to mutate and develop into cancer. The bacterium exploits this mechanism to survive within host cells, posing a potential risk for cancer development.
Dr. John Carpten, Deputy Director of TGen, receives AACR Distinguished Lectureship for his work on cancer health disparities in minority populations. He will deliver a keynote lecture on November 9 at the AACR conference.
Researchers develop mathematical toolkit that analyzes cancer mutation data, revealing common and rare mutations have equal impact on tumor behavior. The study also finds that mutations cause subtle, precise alterations in protein communication pathways, enabling targeted therapies.
A comprehensive analysis of thyroid cancer has identified markers of aggressive tumors, which could lead to better targeting of treatments. The study suggests the potential to reclassify the disease based on genetic markers and moves thyroid cancer into a position to benefit from precision medicine.
A comprehensive analysis of nearly 500 papillary thyroid carcinomas has provided new insights into the roles of frequently mutated cancer genes. The study identified molecular subtypes that can help clinicians determine tumor aggressiveness and potential responses to treatments.
Scientists have discovered a new role for Dicer in preventing genome damage caused by collisions during DNA replication. The protein helps free transcription machinery from DNA, preserving the integrity of the genome. This discovery may help explain why mutations in Dicer are associated with increased risk of cancer and aging.
Researchers developed a new blood test called the lymphocyte genome sensitivity (LGS) test, which can detect some cancers earlier than ever before. The test analyzes white blood cells exposed to UVA light and measures their DNA damage, allowing for early cancer detection and identifying those at risk of developing cancer.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center have discovered 23 new regions of the genome linked to prostate cancer risk, with testing potentially identifying men with a six times higher risk. This brings the total number of genetic variants linked to prostate cancer to 100.
Researchers developed a genomic-based system, IntClust, to classify breast cancer subtypes with high accuracy. The new system identified previously unnoticed subgroups of tumors, including those resistant to treatment, potentially leading to early detection and targeted therapies.
Researchers have found that cancers exhibit distinct patterns of methylation on the DNA genome, enabling tumor cells to turn genes on or off as needed. These epigenetic changes allow cancer cells to adapt and spread, making them a key factor in tumor development.
Researchers have identified a biomarker, STAT3 protein, strongly associated with basal-like breast cancer, a highly aggressive and resistant carcinoma. This finding suggests a potential target for new therapeutics designed to treat this deadly cancer subtype.
Researchers analyzed over 3500 tumors using multiple genomic platforms, revealing that cancers are more likely to be molecularly and genetically similar based on their cell type. The study proposes a new classification system that could lead to personalized cancer treatment and eligibility for novel therapeutics.
A new study analyzing over 3,500 tumor samples reveals that many cancers can be classified differently based on cellular and molecular criteria. The research suggests that patients may benefit from more accurate diagnoses and tailored treatments, with potential implications for personalized cancer therapy.
Researchers discovered two distinct molecular clocks operating at different stages of tumor growth, with implications for chemotherapy resistance and prognosis. The study used single-cell genome sequencing to profile thousands of cells, providing insights into genomic diversity and its potential clinical applications.
Scientists have identified four biological subtypes of stomach cancer based on shared mutations and molecular abnormalities, promising to guide clinical trials for improved therapies. The new classification could lead to targeted treatments for aggressive cancers with a high five-year survival rate below 25 percent.
A study has identified over 27,000 endogenous retroviruses preserved in the genomes of 38 mammal species, including humans. Larger animals have fewer ERVs, suggesting they may have evolved mechanisms to combat cancer-causing mutations.
A study found that variations in the TANC1 gene are associated with a greater risk of radiation-driven side effects in prostate cancer patients. The research team developed a predictive genomic test to optimize treatment plans, allowing for improved quality of life for many cancer survivors.
A new protease, Wss1, has been identified as a safeguarding factor that removes DNA-protein crosslinks, enabling cells to duplicate their genome. Cells lacking Wss1 are highly sensitive to damage and suffer from genomic instability.
Researchers have discovered that aspirin use slows down certain aging processes of the genome, while smoking accelerates them. The study found a significant correlation between aspirin use and reduced DNA methylation changes in healthy women over 50 years old, suggesting a possible mechanism for cancer prevention.
The Jackson Laboratory Cancer Center has renewed its NCI grant for another year, solidifying its position as a world-class institution in multidisciplinary cancer research. The center supports innovative projects and collaborates with major academic medical centers to develop precise interventions for preventing cancer progression.
Researchers at MedStar Washington Hospital Center found that African-American women are more likely to be diagnosed with biologically less favorable subtypes of breast cancer. Genomic profiling identified specific molecular subtypes associated with a higher risk of recurrence.
Researchers discovered a novel drug combination that targets BCL2 protein mutations in follicular lymphoma, a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The study's findings suggest that this combination therapy is safe and effective against mouse models of the disease.
The DREAM project has successfully mined genomic data to predict breast cancer cell line responses to drugs, achieving 78% accuracy in identifying sensitive versus resistant cell lines. The study also identified molecular markers that can be tested against large collections of human samples.
A new study published in Cell Reports demonstrates that mice lacking one copy of the CTCF gene are predisposed to cancer due to abnormal DNA methylation. The research also reveals deletions or mutations in CTCF are common events in breast, endometrial, and other human cancers.
Researchers at McGill University discovered that the shape of a leukemia cell's genome holds a key to solving the puzzle of human diseases. The study validates a new approach for classifying human disease using 3D genomics, which may improve personalized treatment.
Researchers discovered that tumors with specific immunogenic mutations can activate a protective immune response, leading to higher overall survival rates. The study's findings support personalized cancer immunotherapy approaches and the use of tumor-specific mutations in creating targeted vaccines.
Researchers discovered an enzyme pathway that safeguards against genome errors and cancer. Cdc14 activates Yen1 to repair breaks in DNA, helping to prevent devastating errors like chromosome loss.
A genetic variant found in one in three people increases the risk of colorectal cancer when consuming processed meat. The study, involving 18,000 participants, suggests that targeted prevention strategies may be possible based on genomic profiles.
Researchers found a genetic connection between APOBEC family of genes and breast cancer development. The study linked the genes to mutations present in half of all cancer types, supporting their role in cancer-causing processes.
Researchers discovered several novel genetic defects that cause oesophageal squamous carcinoma, a type of aggressive cancer prevalent in Singapore and Southeast Asia. The study provides insight into the molecular basis of this disease and potential new therapies for treatment.
The National Cancer Institute has awarded a three-year grant of $2.2 million to Professor Yijun Ruan for his research on noncoding RNAs in cancer and other diseases. The grant aims to identify novel ncRNAs and their interactions with DNA, which could lead to diagnostic biomarkers and new genomic therapeutic targets.
Researchers have identified 32 genes with recurring defects in muscle-invasive bladder cancer, offering a roadmap for targeted treatments. The study also found frequent alterations in chromatin regulation and viral DNA involvement in bladder cancer development.
A landmark study across many cancer types reveals that the universe of cancer mutations is much bigger than previously thought. The team's work expands the list of known genes tied to these cancers by 25 percent.
Researchers identified four subtypes of HER2+ breast cancer, including Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched, and Basal-Like, with varying responses to anti-HER2 therapy and chemotherapy. The study suggests that personalized treatment strategies may improve treatment outcomes for patients.
Researchers at Jefferson Breast Care Center found that genomic tests like MammaPrint and BluePrint provide more accurate classification of breast cancer subtypes than traditional methods. These tests enable better identification of patients who benefit from chemotherapy, reducing unnecessary treatment risks.
Researchers develop individualized systems medicine strategy to select effective cancer therapies for patients, understanding and predicting drug resistance. The approach aids in optimizing patient therapies, with promising results in treating chemoresistant adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients.
Researchers at McGill University Health Centre propose a new model for the development of ETMR/ETANTR, a deadly type of brain tumour found only in children under four. They identify DNMT3B as a potential target for therapies to combat the disease.
Researchers found that cyclin D1 induces the processing of mature microRNA through Dicer, leading to reduced levels of miRNAs in certain cancers. This mechanism may contribute to the initiation and progression of aggressive basal-like breast cancer subtypes.
A CNIO study has discovered that genome replication mirrors the evolutionary history of living beings, with older genes replicating first. This model suggests that new genes emerge in later stages of genome replication, potentially leading to the development of complex structures and organs.
A massive data analysis has implicated dozens of mutations in breast and prostate cancer development, focusing on non-coding DNA elements. The study provides new insights into the causes and treatment of cancer.
Researchers at the University of Montreal have discovered a new role for non-coding RNA molecule TERRA in maintaining telomere length and protecting against cancer. By tracking telomerase molecules with TERRA, scientists found that this 'dark matter' plays a crucial role in regulating telomerase activity.
Researchers at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center developed a new approach for cancer therapy development using tumor genomic signatures. The study confirms two major hypotheses, showing that a limited number of genetic events cause most tumor subtypes and that oncogenic signatures are largely independent of tissue origin.
Cancer biologists use a new approach to study human tumors by transplanting them into mice with crippled immune systems. The results show high genomic fidelity between the original tumors and transplanted cancer cells in mice, providing insights into drug resistance. This approach may lead to more precise treatment choices and faster d...
Researchers have discovered that non-coding genes are regulated by protein-DNA interactions and can be targeted with more effective drugs. Using high-resolution technology, scientists identified 150,000 complexes along non-coding stretches of DNA in leukemia cell lines.
The EMBO Meeting 2013 conference will feature keynote lectures by prominent scientists, including Kai Simons, Hans Clevers, Sir Michael Stratton, Peter Hegemann, and Georg Nagel. The scientific programme will include sessions on stem cells, cancer genomics, optogenetics, and the search for life beyond Earth.
A comprehensive compendium of mutational processes explains most mutations found in 30 common cancer types, revealing the biological processes responsible. The study identifies a family of enzymes linked to over half of cancer types, and finds that DNA damage from viruses may cause collateral genetic changes.
HudsonAlpha and UAB researchers aim to identify optimal treatments for ER+ breast cancer using tumor genomics. By analyzing genetic data from patients who responded or didn't respond to treatment, they hope to develop targeted therapies.