Articles tagged with Cancer Genomics
A new technique called MATQ-seq increases the accuracy of detecting gene expression in single cells to 90%, allowing scientists to study how cancerous tumors begin and potentially uncover better treatments, diagnosis, and prevention strategies.
Researchers identified novel genomic characteristics of cervical cancer, including cell signaling pathways and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The study also found amplification of genes involved in immune responses and potential therapeutic targets.
Researchers found 33 places in breast cancer genomes where tandem duplications were most often found, leading to further cancerous changes. These 'hotspots' may create new driver mutations, making tumours more aggressive and potentially responsive to different treatments.
A new study found that high-aneuploidy tumors have increased expression of genes involved in DNA replication and cell cycle, but decreased expression of genes characteristic of immune cells. This suggests that jumbled chromosomes in tumors may limit the effectiveness of immunotherapy treatments.
Researchers discovered cancer-driving gene mutations in uterine lavage fluid of women with and without endometrial cancer. The study's findings suggest that these pre-cancerous mutations can be detected using advanced genomic technologies, potentially leading to earlier diagnosis and improved treatment outcomes.
Three researchers were awarded the Brupbacher Cancer Research Prize for their work on epigenetics, which regulates gene activity and is linked to cancer development. The team's findings suggest that epigenetic changes can trigger abnormal gene inactivation in tumor cells.
A research team at the University of Basel has discovered a cancer type-specific 'signature' based on ribosomal protein expression. This signature may serve as a prognostic marker for cancer and point towards new therapeutic opportunities, with a strong relationship found between the signature in breast cancer and relapse-free survival.
Researchers capture elusive DNA reaction intermediates in living cells, discovering mechanisms underlying genome instability and a new role for an E. coli protein related to human cancer proteins. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new drugs that prevent cancer by neutralizing these key pieces of genetic code.
The National Cancer Institute has granted $2.5 million to Van Andel Research Institute and Cedars-Sinai to develop better diagnostic and treatment strategies for cancer. The project aims to uncover the underpinnings of cancer by analyzing epigenetic data from thousands of samples.
Researchers develop universal assay to detect cisplatin cross-linking sites in the genome. They found that mitochondrial DNA is a major target of cisplatin's action, while nuclear DNA is less affected.
Researchers from Colorado State University discovered that a cancer cell's shape may offer similar clues to predict how dangerous it is and guide treatment strategies. By analyzing cell shape using Zernike moments, the team was able to identify patterns that distinguish invasive osteosarcoma cell lines.
Scientists have long assumed chimeric RNA indicates cancer, but new research reveals these fusions can also be a normal part of human genetics. Researchers are working to develop more accurate biomarkers and therapeutic targets by understanding the complexities of normal genetic programming.
Researchers found two genomic regions changing in response to devil facial tumor disease, which has killed an estimated 80% of Tasmanian devils. The study suggests genetic resistance could help the species avoid extinction, with potential implications for cancer and immune function research.
Two key protein complexes, condensin and cohesin, play critical roles in organizing chromosomes during cell division. A recent study sheds new light on the specific functions of these proteins, which can help pinpoint the origins of genetic diseases like cancer.
A new measurement standard, developed by NIST, has been used to evaluate the performance of next-generation DNA-sequencing technologies for evaluating gene variations associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. The HER2 Standard Reference Material demonstrates its value in increasing confidence in reporting HER2 amplification f...
Researchers at Stanford Medicine developed a machine-learning approach that accurately differentiates between two types of lung cancers and predicts patient survival times better than human pathologists. The method assesses critical disease-related features, including cell size, shape, and texture, to improve patient outcomes.
Researchers found that treating human breast cancer tumors with estrogen-deprivation therapy changes the spectrum of mutations in the tumor population. This suggests using this information to improve cancer treatment. The study also discovered 'collision tumors' - separate tumors of different origin growing closely together, undiagnose...
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has awarded $28.3 million to The Jackson Laboratory over five years to fund phase 2 of the Knockout Mouse Production and Phenotyping Project (KOMP2). This project aims to create targeted knockout mutations for every gene in the mouse genome, providing valuable clues to their function.
A Yale research team designed a system to modify multiple genes in the genome simultaneously, reducing unintended effects. The gene-editing 'toolbox' provides a user-friendly solution for studying cancer and other diseases.
A molecule believed to indicate good cancer prognosis has been shown to cause genomic instability and promote tumor growth. The study, published in Nature Cell Biology, suggests that targeting p21 could lead to new cancer treatments.
Whole-genome gene expression and methylation data offer more predictive power than commonly-used clinical information in breast cancer survival predictions. Combining these data with clinical information improves predictions, suggesting a promising genomic approach for future clinic applications.
The Jackson Laboratory's Gene Expression Database (GXD) will receive $10.5 million in funding over five years to support data curation and integration, infrastructure expansion, and enhanced tools.
Researchers at Jackson Laboratory aim to develop clinical adjuvants that boost vaccine effectiveness in vulnerable populations, with a focus on elderly and immunosuppressed patients. The $3.4 million grant will support the screening of new adjuvant combinations and investigation into their mechanisms of action.
Researchers have discovered a positive correlation between gene mutation 'hotspots' and better breast cancer outcomes, including lower tumor invasiveness and longer patient survival. These findings could inform prognosis and help identify patients who would best respond to immunotherapy and other treatments.
A recent study has identified over 200 proteins involved in cell movement and immune system function that are implicated in ovarian cancer progression. By analyzing the proteomes of 169 ovarian cancer patients, researchers have gained new insights into the biology of the disease and potential targets for treatment.
Scientists analyzed 169 ovarian cancer tumors to identify key proteins, revealing new molecular events in high-grade serous carcinoma. This proteogenomics approach combines genomic and proteomic data to improve understanding of the disease, with potential applications for precision medicine and pharmaceutical interventions.
The LawSeqSM project aims to clarify current genomic law, address gaps, and generate recommendations for a forward-looking legal foundation. This 3-year project brings together experts from academia, industry, and clinical care to create guidance on translating genomics into clinical application.
The Genomic Data Commons (GDC) brings together genomic datasets and analyzes the data using a common set of methods, democratizing the analysis of large cancer genomic datasets. This platform enables researchers to access and share high-quality data, tools, and support to accelerate studies of cancer biology and personalized treatments.
A new research paper by GMU and Inova Health System highlights the importance of proteins in personalized medicine, particularly in cancer treatment. The study suggests that targeting proteins can lead to more effective treatments for patients with metastatic breast cancer.
A new study published in Nature Medicine highlights the potential of big data to unlock the secrets inside cancer cells and enable more effective personalised treatments. The study proposes a blueprint for sharing patient data to improve patient outcomes.
Researchers created cell lines with targeted chromosomal deletions to study the role of specific chromosomal losses in cancer development. The findings suggest that chromosomal engineering is a more effective approach than studying individual genes or micro-RNAs.
Scientists have found conclusive evidence that a specific jumping gene plays a key role in generating some colon tumors. The study reveals how this gene can trigger cancer by causing mutations in other genes that suppress cancer. Researchers discovered 27 L1 insertions in the tumor, which were not found in surrounding healthy tissue.
Researchers identified three subtypes of ACC with distinct clinical outcomes and molecular alterations. The study also found novel ACC driver genes and suggests that inhibiting whole genome doubling could slow tumor growth. These findings may inform therapeutic decisions and lead to significant advances in patient outcomes.
A study published in Cancer Cell identified a third class of ACC, associated genes, and potential treatment targets. The research aims to provide better treatments for this rare cancer with significant side effects from current therapies.
Researchers found more than half of the genes studied showed sex-biased signatures in certain cancer types, revealing two sex-effect groups associated with distinct incidence and mortality profiles. These findings lay a critical foundation for precision cancer medicine that is sex-specific.
Researchers from 39 institutions worldwide analyzed 91 samples of adrenocortical carcinoma, uncovering double the number of genetic drivers known to fuel adrenal cancer. The study also identified three distinct subtypes of adrenal cancer linked to different outcomes, suggesting a way to use molecular biomarkers for targeted therapy.
Researchers have identified five new gene regions associated with an increased risk of developing endometrial cancer, bringing the total number of known risk regions to nine. This discovery doubles the number of genetic risk factors known for the disease, which affects one in four women worldwide.
Researchers developed a new computer algorithm called REVEALER to identify groups of genetic variations associated with cancer cell activation and treatment responses. Using large tumor genomics database The Cancer Genome Atlas, REVEALER revealed new gene mutations linked to cancer development and treatment resistance.
Scientists have identified 182 genome instability suppressing (GIS) genes in yeast and over 400 previously unknown cooperating GIS genes. These findings suggest a complex genetic network maintaining genome integrity and highlight potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
Researchers discover circular RNAs involved in tumor growth and progression, suggesting a new path to cancer treatments. The study provides insights into the role of non-coding RNA in human biology and disease.
Researchers found that cancer cells have a resilient ability to repair nuclear envelope rupture during cell migration, but this process compromises genomic integrity. The study highlights a potential weakness in metastatic cancer cells and an opportunity for developing novel anti-metastatic drugs.
Researchers identified a new subtype of muscle-invasive bladder cancer that resembles some forms of breast cancer, characterized by low levels of the tight junction protein claudin. These claudin-low tumors express high levels of immune-related genes but also show a strong signature of immunosuppression.
Researchers have identified nine distinct subtypes of kidney cancer, each with unique molecular pathways and patient survival outcomes. These findings hold promise for personalized medicine by identifying specific targets for therapies.
A recent paper emphasizes the importance of public health and prevention measures in combating cancer. The authors highlight successes in lung cancer reduction and vaccine development, suggesting that these efforts have brought about significant improvements in mortality rates. By prioritizing prevention, researchers aim to drive meani...
A research team at the University of Tokyo has identified an enzyme called Trimmer, which trims the tails of small RNAs called piRNAs. This process helps regulate jumping genes, or transposons, that can disrupt host genes and contribute to diseases like cancer.
Genomics assessments have identified actionable genetic alterations in pediatric patients with extracranial solid tumors, paving the way for individualized cancer therapy recommendations. Combined tumor and germline whole-exome sequencing has also shown diagnostic yield in children with solid tumors.
A new algorithm has been proposed to automatically search for genes in DNA sequences, making it more efficient and accurate. The BRAKER1 algorithm combines the advantages of existing tools and has already been downloaded by over 1500 laboratories worldwide.
A study found that patients younger than 50 diagnosed with non-small-cell lung cancer have a higher likelihood of having a targetable genomic alteration for which therapies exist. However, they also have an unexpectedly poor prognosis, with median survival rates ranging from 13.6 months for those over 70 to 18.2 months for those under 40.
Moffitt Cancer Center researchers discovered TBK1 plays a novel role in promoting cell division through interacting with CEP170 and NuMA proteins. Disrupting TBK1 activity prevents chromosome separation and mitosis progression.
The current scientific description of the human cell cycle is being revised due to new findings that challenge traditional understanding of DNA replication. Cancer cells exploit an unusual form of DNA replication to bypass genetic changes that cause cancer.
A new study by UC San Francisco scientists shows that the proportion of normal cells in tumor samples can skew genetic analysis results. The team used a massive dataset to examine how tumor purity affects three common genomic methods, revealing potentially disruptive effects on cancer research findings and clinical classifications.
Researchers at UMass Medical School have developed a new CRISPR/Cas9 technology that improves gene editing accuracy by nearly 100 fold. The system combines the CRISPR/Cas9 complex with a programmable DNA-binding domain to verify an additional genetic feature before cutting the genome, reducing off-target changes.
Researchers have discovered a large number of genes that are upregulated in various types of cancer, which could be used to develop early detection tests and targeted therapies. The study, published in Cancer Research, utilized two different technologies to identify 128 markers that were consistently perturbed in both datasets.
Researchers have discovered a new view of how human blood is made, resolving how different kinds of blood cells form quickly from stem cells. This finding has significant implications for understanding and treating blood disorders and diseases.
Scientists have molecularly characterized two types of the second most common kidney cancer, papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC), which accounts for 15-20% of kidney cancer cases. The study reveals distinct molecular differences between Type 1 and 2 PRCC, as well as three subtypes of Type 2, each with varying molecular alterations. T...
The project aims to analyze core replication complexes crucial for repairing damaged DNA and understanding cancer initiation and progression. The study may lead to insights into human health and disease, particularly cancer susceptibility.
A mutation in a key enzyme affects sphingolipid levels, leading to neurodegeneration. Researchers found that increased 20-carbon sphingolipids cause problems with neuronal membranes.
A new procedure called CAUSEL uses genetic fine mapping, epigenomic profiling, epigenomic editing, genome editing, and phenotypic analysis to pinpoint disease-causing variants in non-coding genomes. The approach has shown promise in identifying disease-associated variants in prostate cancer risk.
The University of Maryland has received a $1.8 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to improve Bioconductor, an open-source data visualization software used in genomic marker identification for cancer and other diseases.
Krishnakumar Kizhatil has been awarded the prestigious Lewis Rudin Glaucoma Prize for his research on Schlemm's canal, a unique vessel that plays a key role in glaucoma. The prize recognizes Kizhatil's work as a major breakthrough in understanding the molecular basis of intraocular pressure elevation and its link to glaucoma.