Where does cisplatin bind?
Researchers develop universal assay to detect cisplatin cross-linking sites in the genome. They found that mitochondrial DNA is a major target of cisplatin's action, while nuclear DNA is less affected.
Cancer Genomics
Articles tagged with Cancer Genomics
Life Sciences
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
447,757
articles
2542
topics
Health and Medicine
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
431,843
articles
751
topics
Social Sciences
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
260,756
articles
745
topics
Physical Sciences
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
257,913
articles
1552
topics
Applied Sciences and Engineering
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
225,386
articles
998
topics
Scientific Community
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
193,043
articles
157
topics
Space Sciences
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
29,662
articles
175
topics
Research Methods
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
21,889
articles
139
topics
Mathematics
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
3,023
articles
113
topics
Study: Does a cancer cell's shape hint at its danger?
Researchers from Colorado State University discovered that a cancer cell's shape may offer similar clues to predict how dangerous it is and guide treatment strategies. By analyzing cell shape using Zernike moments, the team was able to identify patterns that distinguish invasive osteosarcoma cell lines.
Strange 'chimeras' defy science's understanding of human genetics
Scientists have long assumed chimeric RNA indicates cancer, but new research reveals these fusions can also be a normal part of human genetics. Researchers are working to develop more accurate biomarkers and therapeutic targets by understanding the complexities of normal genetic programming.
Tasmanian devils evolve to resist deadly cancer
Researchers found two genomic regions changing in response to devil facial tumor disease, which has killed an estimated 80% of Tasmanian devils. The study suggests genetic resistance could help the species avoid extinction, with potential implications for cancer and immune function research.
Two key proteins preserve vital genetic information
Two key protein complexes, condensin and cohesin, play critical roles in organizing chromosomes during cell division. A recent study sheds new light on the specific functions of these proteins, which can help pinpoint the origins of genetic diseases like cancer.
New standard helps ensure accurate clinical measurements of HER2 breast cancer gene
A new measurement standard, developed by NIST, has been used to evaluate the performance of next-generation DNA-sequencing technologies for evaluating gene variations associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. The HER2 Standard Reference Material demonstrates its value in increasing confidence in reporting HER2 amplification f...
Computers trounce pathologists in predicting lung cancer type, severity, researchers find
Researchers at Stanford Medicine developed a machine-learning approach that accurately differentiates between two types of lung cancers and predicts patient survival times better than human pathologists. The method assesses critical disease-related features, including cell size, shape, and texture, to improve patient outcomes.
Research reveals patient can have more than one breast cancer, points at treatments
Researchers found that treating human breast cancer tumors with estrogen-deprivation therapy changes the spectrum of mutations in the tumor population. This suggests using this information to improve cancer treatment. The study also discovered 'collision tumors' - separate tumors of different origin growing closely together, undiagnose...
NIH funds KOMP2 at the Jackson Laboratory
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has awarded $28.3 million to The Jackson Laboratory over five years to fund phase 2 of the Knockout Mouse Production and Phenotyping Project (KOMP2). This project aims to create targeted knockout mutations for every gene in the mouse genome, providing valuable clues to their function.
Genome-editing 'toolbox' targets multiple genes at once
A Yale research team designed a system to modify multiple genes in the genome simultaneously, reducing unintended effects. The gene-editing 'toolbox' provides a user-friendly solution for studying cancer and other diseases.
Good indicator of cancer prognosis turned on its head by new research
A molecule believed to indicate good cancer prognosis has been shown to cause genomic instability and promote tumor growth. The study, published in Nature Cell Biology, suggests that targeting p21 could lead to new cancer treatments.
'Omics' data improves breast cancer survival prediction
Whole-genome gene expression and methylation data offer more predictive power than commonly-used clinical information in breast cancer survival predictions. Combining these data with clinical information improves predictions, suggesting a promising genomic approach for future clinic applications.
Grant to The Jackson Laboratory for Gene Expression Database
The Jackson Laboratory's Gene Expression Database (GXD) will receive $10.5 million in funding over five years to support data curation and integration, infrastructure expansion, and enhanced tools.
Federal grant awarded to the Jackson Laboratory for vaccine research
Researchers at Jackson Laboratory aim to develop clinical adjuvants that boost vaccine effectiveness in vulnerable populations, with a focus on elderly and immunosuppressed patients. The $3.4 million grant will support the screening of new adjuvant combinations and investigation into their mechanisms of action.
Gene mutation 'hotspots' linked to better breast cancer outcomes
Researchers have discovered a positive correlation between gene mutation 'hotspots' and better breast cancer outcomes, including lower tumor invasiveness and longer patient survival. These findings could inform prognosis and help identify patients who would best respond to immunotherapy and other treatments.
Ovarian cancer study uncovers new biology
A recent study has identified over 200 proteins involved in cell movement and immune system function that are implicated in ovarian cancer progression. By analyzing the proteomes of 169 ovarian cancer patients, researchers have gained new insights into the biology of the disease and potential targets for treatment.
Ovarian cancer study provides painstaking look at inner workings of tumors
Scientists analyzed 169 ovarian cancer tumors to identify key proteins, revealing new molecular events in high-grade serous carcinoma. This proteogenomics approach combines genomic and proteomic data to improve understanding of the disease, with potential applications for precision medicine and pharmaceutical interventions.
Pioneering study will establish the legal framework for genomic medicine
The LawSeqSM project aims to clarify current genomic law, address gaps, and generate recommendations for a forward-looking legal foundation. This 3-year project brings together experts from academia, industry, and clinical care to create guidance on translating genomics into clinical application.
Genomic Data Commons at University of Chicago launches new era of cancer data sharing
The Genomic Data Commons (GDC) brings together genomic datasets and analyzes the data using a common set of methods, democratizing the analysis of large cancer genomic datasets. This platform enables researchers to access and share high-quality data, tools, and support to accelerate studies of cancer biology and personalized treatments.
Proteins key to unlocking cancer for National Cancer Moonshot
A new research paper by GMU and Inova Health System highlights the importance of proteins in personalized medicine, particularly in cancer treatment. The study suggests that targeting proteins can lead to more effective treatments for patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Big Data can save lives, says leading Queen's University cancer expert
A new study published in Nature Medicine highlights the potential of big data to unlock the secrets inside cancer cells and enable more effective personalised treatments. The study proposes a blueprint for sharing patient data to improve patient outcomes.
Loss of chromosome 8p governs tumor suppression and drug response
Researchers created cell lines with targeted chromosomal deletions to study the role of specific chromosomal losses in cancer development. The findings suggest that chromosomal engineering is a more effective approach than studying individual genes or micro-RNAs.
Researchers demonstrate link between 'jumping gene' and colon cancer
Scientists have found conclusive evidence that a specific jumping gene plays a key role in generating some colon tumors. The study reveals how this gene can trigger cancer by causing mutations in other genes that suppress cancer. Researchers discovered 27 L1 insertions in the tumor, which were not found in surrounding healthy tissue.
Can gender play a role in determining cancer treatment choices?
Researchers found more than half of the genes studied showed sex-biased signatures in certain cancer types, revealing two sex-effect groups associated with distinct incidence and mortality profiles. These findings lay a critical foundation for precision cancer medicine that is sex-specific.
International collaboration for genome analysis leads to clues about rare cancer
Researchers from 39 institutions worldwide analyzed 91 samples of adrenocortical carcinoma, uncovering double the number of genetic drivers known to fuel adrenal cancer. The study also identified three distinct subtypes of adrenal cancer linked to different outcomes, suggesting a way to use molecular biomarkers for targeted therapy.
Study shows possible 'key' to improved therapy for adrenocortical carcinoma
Researchers identified three subtypes of ACC with distinct clinical outcomes and molecular alterations. The study also found novel ACC driver genes and suggests that inhibiting whole genome doubling could slow tumor growth. These findings may inform therapeutic decisions and lead to significant advances in patient outcomes.
TGen and international team find new avenues of precision medicine for treating cancer
A study published in Cancer Cell identified a third class of ACC, associated genes, and potential treatment targets. The research aims to provide better treatments for this rare cancer with significant side effects from current therapies.
Scientists double number of known genetic risk factors for endometrial cancer
Researchers have identified five new gene regions associated with an increased risk of developing endometrial cancer, bringing the total number of known risk regions to nine. This discovery doubles the number of genetic risk factors known for the disease, which affects one in four women worldwide.
New computer program can help uncover hidden genomic alterations that drive cancers
Researchers developed a new computer algorithm called REVEALER to identify groups of genetic variations associated with cancer cell activation and treatment responses. Using large tumor genomics database The Cancer Genome Atlas, REVEALER revealed new gene mutations linked to cancer development and treatment resistance.
Spotting DNA repair genes gone awry
Scientists have identified 182 genome instability suppressing (GIS) genes in yeast and over 400 previously unknown cooperating GIS genes. These findings suggest a complex genetic network maintaining genome integrity and highlight potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
New study implicates unusual class of circular RNAs in cancer
Researchers discover circular RNAs involved in tumor growth and progression, suggesting a new path to cancer treatments. The study provides insights into the role of non-coding RNA in human biology and disease.
Cancer cells show resilient nuclear rupture repair, but expose weakness in doing so
Researchers found that cancer cells have a resilient ability to repair nuclear envelope rupture during cell migration, but this process compromises genomic integrity. The study highlights a potential weakness in metastatic cancer cells and an opportunity for developing novel anti-metastatic drugs.
A molecular subtype of bladder cancer resembles breast cancer
Researchers identified a new subtype of muscle-invasive bladder cancer that resembles some forms of breast cancer, characterized by low levels of the tight junction protein claudin. These claudin-low tumors express high levels of immune-related genes but also show a strong signature of immunosuppression.
Largest genomic study on kidney cancer brings hope for more effective treatments
Researchers have identified nine distinct subtypes of kidney cancer, each with unique molecular pathways and patient survival outcomes. These findings hold promise for personalized medicine by identifying specific targets for therapies.
Cancer expert says public health and prevention measures are key to defeating cancer
A recent paper emphasizes the importance of public health and prevention measures in combating cancer. The authors highlight successes in lung cancer reduction and vaccine development, suggesting that these efforts have brought about significant improvements in mortality rates. By prioritizing prevention, researchers aim to drive meani...
Trimming piRNAs' tails to clip jumping genes' wings
A research team at the University of Tokyo has identified an enzyme called Trimmer, which trims the tails of small RNAs called piRNAs. This process helps regulate jumping genes, or transposons, that can disrupt host genes and contribute to diseases like cancer.
Genomics studies assess childhood, young adulthood cancers
Genomics assessments have identified actionable genetic alterations in pediatric patients with extracranial solid tumors, paving the way for individualized cancer therapy recommendations. Combined tumor and germline whole-exome sequencing has also shown diagnostic yield in children with solid tumors.
Scientists propose an algorithm to study DNA faster and more accurately
A new algorithm has been proposed to automatically search for genes in DNA sequences, making it more efficient and accurate. The BRAKER1 algorithm combines the advantages of existing tools and has already been downloaded by over 1500 laboratories worldwide.
Younger age associated with increased likelihood of targetable genotype in lung cancer
A study found that patients younger than 50 diagnosed with non-small-cell lung cancer have a higher likelihood of having a targetable genomic alteration for which therapies exist. However, they also have an unexpectedly poor prognosis, with median survival rates ranging from 13.6 months for those over 70 to 18.2 months for those under 40.
Moffitt Cancer Center researchers discover novel role of TBK1 protein in cell division
Moffitt Cancer Center researchers discovered TBK1 plays a novel role in promoting cell division through interacting with CEP170 and NuMA proteins. Disrupting TBK1 activity prevents chromosome separation and mitosis progression.
Textbooks on cells should be rewritten
The current scientific description of the human cell cycle is being revised due to new findings that challenge traditional understanding of DNA replication. Cancer cells exploit an unusual form of DNA replication to bypass genetic changes that cause cancer.
'Purity' of tumor samples may significantly bias genomic analyses
A new study by UC San Francisco scientists shows that the proportion of normal cells in tumor samples can skew genetic analysis results. The team used a massive dataset to examine how tumor purity affects three common genomic methods, revealing potentially disruptive effects on cancer research findings and clinical classifications.
Technology developed at UMass Medical School vastly improves CRISPR/Cas9 accuracy
Researchers at UMass Medical School have developed a new CRISPR/Cas9 technology that improves gene editing accuracy by nearly 100 fold. The system combines the CRISPR/Cas9 complex with a programmable DNA-binding domain to verify an additional genetic feature before cutting the genome, reducing off-target changes.
A treasure trove of new cancer biomarkers
Researchers have discovered a large number of genes that are upregulated in various types of cancer, which could be used to develop early detection tests and targeted therapies. The study, published in Cancer Research, utilized two different technologies to identify 128 markers that were consistently perturbed in both datasets.
Stem-cell scientists redefine how blood is made
Researchers have discovered a new view of how human blood is made, resolving how different kinds of blood cells form quickly from stem cells. This finding has significant implications for understanding and treating blood disorders and diseases.
TCGA findings provide molecular background for second most common kidney cancer
Scientists have molecularly characterized two types of the second most common kidney cancer, papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC), which accounts for 15-20% of kidney cancer cases. The study reveals distinct molecular differences between Type 1 and 2 PRCC, as well as three subtypes of Type 2, each with varying molecular alterations. T...
Georgia State scientist gets $1.675 million to study link between cancer and DNA replication, repair
The project aims to analyze core replication complexes crucial for repairing damaged DNA and understanding cancer initiation and progression. The study may lead to insights into human health and disease, particularly cancer susceptibility.
Jackson Laboratory researchers discover mutation involved in neurodegeneration
A mutation in a key enzyme affects sphingolipid levels, leading to neurodegeneration. Researchers found that increased 20-carbon sphingolipids cause problems with neuronal membranes.
Team develops strategy to determine how non-coding variants contribute to disease risk
A new procedure called CAUSEL uses genetic fine mapping, epigenomic profiling, epigenomic editing, genome editing, and phenotypic analysis to pinpoint disease-causing variants in non-coding genomes. The approach has shown promise in identifying disease-associated variants in prostate cancer risk.
UMD receives $1.8 million grant to improve genomic data analysis tools
The University of Maryland has received a $1.8 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to improve Bioconductor, an open-source data visualization software used in genomic marker identification for cancer and other diseases.
Krish Kizhatil of JAX wins NYAM's Lewis Rudin Glaucoma Prize
Krishnakumar Kizhatil has been awarded the prestigious Lewis Rudin Glaucoma Prize for his research on Schlemm's canal, a unique vessel that plays a key role in glaucoma. The prize recognizes Kizhatil's work as a major breakthrough in understanding the molecular basis of intraocular pressure elevation and its link to glaucoma.
A better way to personalize bladder cancer treatments
A new method for personalizing bladder cancer treatments has been developed by researchers at the University of California - Davis Health. The approach uses tumor xenografts to identify effective therapies, which can be tested in mice before being administered to patients.
Long telomere length associated with increased lung cancer risk
A study found a significant association between long telomere length and increased risk of lung adenocarcinoma. Long telomeres were associated with more rounds of cell division, potentially allowing for more opportunities to accumulate carcinogenic mutations.
MD Anderson named as 1 of 2 Genome Characterization Centers
The MD Anderson Cancer Center has been selected as a Genome Characterization Center to analyze patient samples from multiple NCI programs. The center will focus on functional proteomics, enabling the study of protein expression and modification in cancer tumors.
Common chemicals may act together to increase cancer risk, study finds
A study of 85 common chemicals found that 50 disrupted cell function in ways correlated with early cancer patterns. The researchers suggest these molecules may be acting in synergy to increase cancer activity.
PolyU develops big data analysis platform to unveil gene interactions in cancer
Researchers at PolyU have developed a novel big data analysis platform that unveils the unregulated patterns of gene network in cancer. The platform discovers potential diagnostic and therapeutic target genes, including Nucleophosmin (NPM1), for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML).
Genomic discovery of skin cancer subtypes provides potential 'signpost' for drug targets
Researchers identified four melanoma subtypes, including BRAF, RAS, NF1 and Triple-WT, through analysis of 331 patient samples. These subtypes share common signaling pathways but differ in activation, suggesting potential for targeted therapies.
'Genomic catastrophe' may cause normal cells to become cancerous
A new study suggests that cell fusion can initiate cancerous processes and tumor formation through 'genomic catastrophe', leading to chromosomal instability and DNA damage. Fused cells from rat intestinal epithelial cells formed tumors in immunodeficient mice, providing evidence for a molecular mechanism driving neoplastic transformation.
Novel mutational process targeting gene regulatory elements discovered
Scientists detected a distinct accumulation of mutations at sites where CTCF and cohesin bind DNA, protecting these sites from mutations. The study's findings reveal new insights into the regulation of gene expression and chromatin structure in cancer.
Noninvasive prenatal fetal testing can detect early stage cancer in mothers
Researchers found that Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) can detect maternal cancers at an early stage, before symptoms appear. The study identified three different early-stage cancers in three women and showed the potential of NIPT for non-invasive cancer screening.