Articles tagged with Cancer Genomics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers from Instituto de Medicina Molecular found that TERRA, a functional component of telomeres, must be constantly regulated to prevent telomeric and chromosomal instability. This study sheds light on the molecular basis of genome stability and may pave the way for new therapeutic approaches.
The UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute's Treehouse Childhood Cancer Initiative has received a $500,000 grant to conduct a 24-month registry study evaluating the effectiveness of comparative RNA-seq analysis in pediatric cancer treatment. The project aims to assess the impact on clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.
Researchers found that nearly half of neuroblastoma samples had gene loss or imbalance in DNA damage response-associated molecules located on chromosome 11. PARP inhibitors, commonly used for ovarian cancer treatment, showed promise as a potential therapeutic approach for targeting childhood cancer.
New research from the University of Bristol demonstrates that cells use F-actin to reshape their nucleus and reorganise their genome after cell division. This process is essential for life, but was poorly understood until now.
A research team from Columbia University has developed a molecular taxonomy for hair disorders, which will help diagnose diseases affecting the hair follicles. The taxonomy was created by analyzing more than three million data points and identified nearly 5,000 biological terms shared by groups of hair genes.
Scientists demonstrate that Leishmania adaptation results from frequent and reversible chromosomal amplifications, which enables the parasite to maintain genetic diversity while selecting for new alleles. This study has important consequences for understanding human Leishmania infection and identifying parasite drug resistance mechanisms.
Researchers at UVA Cancer Center are developing a tool to assist patients in making treatment decisions based on their tumor's genomic information. The tool aims to provide personalized comparisons of treatment options, incorporating factors like age, personal priorities, and health conditions.
Researchers have elucidated the role of HP1 proteins in relation to chromatin structure and genome stability. The study shows that different HP1 isoforms play distinct roles in regulating chromatin domains.
Researchers at Cardiff University have developed a new method of engineering T-cells to attack cancer using CRISPR genome editing. This breakthrough enhances the T-cells' ability to recognize specific cancer cells and destroy them, offering new hope in the fight against various types of cancers.
Researchers from the University of Seville studied a specific type of chromosomal break generated by enzymes called DNA topoisomerases. They found that this mechanism prevents the formation of aberrant chromosomal structures called translocations, which are linked to some types of cancer.
A new study found that precision medicine for oncology is less precise for people of Latin American, African, and Asian ancestry due to the lack of diverse genetic population data. A computational tool called LumosVar was created to help researchers sort out potentially inaccurate results and improve precision medicine.
Researchers have developed a comprehensive genomic sequencing approach that guides timely treatment for recurring brain cancer, resulting in extended progression-free survival. Two patients survived over a year without disease recurrence, demonstrating the potential of precision medicine in aggressive and refractory tumors.
A major study identifies 72 new genetic variants that contribute to the risk of developing breast cancer, bringing the total number of known common variants to around 180. These variants are found in regions regulating gene activity and differ from those involved in other diseases.
Researchers at UC San Diego found mutant p53 amplifies inflammatory responses in cancer cells, increasing invasive behavior and tumor growth. Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in predisposition and progression of human cancers like colon and breast cancers.
The collaboration aims to establish a PDX Data Commons and Coordinating Center to integrate and share PDX treatment data for research. This will enhance precision in measuring drug-response and provide a clinical trial roadmap for piloting treatments.
Researchers identified effective treatments for patients with rare cancers through genomic analysis, resulting in stabilization, shrinkage, or remission for half the patients. Precision medicine offers new hope for managing these uncommon but significant cancers.
GA4GH has struck formal collaborations with 15 international genomic data initiatives, including Genomics England and the U.S. All of Us Research Program. The goal is to create framework and standards for responsible sharing of genomic data by 2022.
A Penn study suggests that DNA 3D packaging controls which genes are available for activation, influencing cell differentiation. The researchers found that tethering DNA to the nuclear periphery with an epigenetic enzyme contributes to a cell becoming a certain type.
Julia Oh has received a $2.8 million NIH grant to explore engineered probiotic treatments for skin diseases. Her research aims to harness the skin microbiome to create new therapeutics.
A study by University of California San Diego School of Medicine researchers reveals that a simple blood test can predict which patients will respond to checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapies, with 45% of patients showing significant response. The findings suggest that patients with high numbers of genomic alterations in their tumo...
A multi-institutional research center has been awarded by the NIH to study ME/CFS, a debilitating disease affecting millions of Americans. The research aims to understand and develop treatments for this complex condition by analyzing patient data and microbiome changes.
A new genomic profiling study has identified genetic alterations in 96% of brain tumors in children, including genes that can be targeted with specific treatments. The study found distinct patterns of mutations between low-grade and high-grade gliomas, which could lead to more effective treatment options for these patients.
The Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) has awarded prestigious honors to Drs. Andrew P. Feinberg, Gregory J. Tsongalis, and Alexis B. Carter for their outstanding contributions to the field of molecular diagnostics. AMP President Federico A. Monzon praised the award recipients for their decades of service to the society.
A recent study found that nearly one in four small tumours were aggressive and patients benefited from chemotherapy. Researchers identified a 70-gene signature to detect aggressive tumours.
Researchers analyzed 9,000 proteins in bowel cancer cells to identify networks driving the disease. The study found that proteins can predict drug responses and suggests personalized medicine for patients.
A University of Colorado Cancer Center paper describes a mechanism linking viral infection and cancer caused by APOBEC3 enzymes, which are part of the immune system's response to viruses. The research suggests that targeting these enzymes could prevent or treat certain types of cancer.
Ouyang aims to decipher RNA structure's role in post-transcriptional regulation, providing insights into health and diseases. He plans to develop a precise genomic blueprint for clinical diagnoses and prognoses, as well as new therapies for cancer and other diseases.
A study has identified a genetic signature linked to defects in the DNA damage repair-genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 in breast cancer. The researchers found that this signature is not exclusive to BRCA mutations but also indicates other ways of deactivating the DNA repair mechanism, offering new insights into breast cancer treatment decisions.
The Human Pathology Atlas analyzes human genes in all major cancers, revealing patterns that influence patient survival. The atlas provides a powerful tool for personalized medicine, with potential applications in lung and colorectal cancer.
A new study found that sharing personalized melanoma genomic risk information with relatives and friends can lead to increased discussions about skin cancer prevention. The study suggests that this process could encourage healthy behavior change within families.
Researchers discovered dozens of new genes involved in resistance to immunotherapy treatments for cancer patients. The study used a novel CRISPR technique to examine genetic mutations in cancer cells and their interactions with the immune system.
The Treehouse Childhood Cancer Initiative has made a comprehensive tumor database available for researchers to use in the fight against childhood cancer. The database contains RNA-Seq gene expression data and demographic information, covering over 11,000 cases of pediatric cancer.
Researchers found that black women are more likely to have aggressive breast cancer subtypes, such as basal-like and HER2-enriched tumors. The study suggests that genomic testing could help explain the disparity in survival rates between black and white women with breast cancer.
Researchers found that age is the most strongly associated breast cancer risk factor with normal breast DNA methylation differences. The study characterized molecular differences in healthy tissues that may contribute to cancer risk, providing insight into how epigenetic dysregulation contributes to breast cancer.
Scientists at the University of Texas at Austin have developed a technique that can spot editing mistakes made by CRISPR, allowing for more precise gene therapies. The method involves rapidly testing a CRISPR molecule across a person's entire genome to foresee potential interactions.
Researchers at the University of Oxford have discovered that cancer cells manipulate a natural cell process called nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) to promote their survival. By understanding how NMD affects different types of cancer, scientists may be able to develop new treatments and therapies to control tumour growth.
A study by the University of Edinburgh reveals that dynamic DNA properties can ward off gene damage and promote genome organization. The research highlights the importance of scaffold attachment factor A in forming a protective chromatin mesh that allows for flexible and responsive cell signals.
A new technique developed by UNC School of Medicine scientists has mapped DNA damage caused by cigarette smoking at high resolution across the genome. The study provides a genome-wide map of the damage caused by benzo[α]pyrene, a chemical that accounts for about 30 percent of cancer deaths in the United States.
Raja Mazumder is developing databases BioMuta and BioXpress to standardize cancer genomics data, making it easier for researchers to integrate and compare data across various platforms. The project aims to connect cancer genomics mutation and expression data within an evolutionary context.
A recent study by Virginia Commonwealth University researchers has challenged traditional views of human papilloma virus (HPV) in HPV-related head and neck cancers. The study found that most HPV-related head and neck cancers have episomal HPV, not integrated HPV, which is associated with better treatment outcomes.
The Melanoma Research Alliance awarded Dr. Neville Sanjana a grant to use CRISPR technology to identify genetic mutations causing immunotherapy resistance in melanoma. The goal is to create a list of actionable mutations for patients enrolled in melanoma immunotherapy trials.
Researchers link cancer's high mutation rate to an ancient stress response mechanism used by single-celled organisms. The discovery sheds new light on the evolution of cancer genes and may lead to novel therapeutic approaches.
Researchers at Duke-NUS Medical School and Genome Institute of Singapore have identified altered promoters in gastric cancer that change gene expression profiles, enabling tumors to evade the immune system. The study's findings may lead to new approaches for cancer immunotherapy treatment.
Researchers analyzed DNA methylation levels in 1,900 participants to identify 58 CpGs linked to mortality. These epigenetic marks show stronger correlations with survival than previously studied genetic alterations.
Researchers analyzed 57 tissue samples from women with uterine carcinosarcoma and found that the tumors share some genetic traits but also exhibit great diversity. This diversity makes it challenging to find effective treatments for the cancer, which has a low survival rate.
Researchers have identified a new class of reader proteins linked to cancer, including leukemia. Disrupting these proteins may lead to effective combination therapies.
A new framework uses math to understand how genetic information and cell interactions give rise to tissue function, potentially aiding in understanding diseases like cancer. Researchers aim to apply this approach to real-world genome and cell biology experiments to inform future work on cancer and cell reprogramming.
Researchers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center successfully treated patients with deadly, treatment-resistant blood cancers using gene-guided therapy. The targeted approach identified specific genes fueling the diseases and prescribed molecular drugs to put them into remission.
The APOLLO network partners with the Paulovich Laboratory to develop a panel of tests to measure key proteins in tumors, enabling targeted cancer treatments. The effort aims to improve precision-based medicine by combining genomic and proteomic approaches.
The CIViC knowledgebase is an open-access resource that allows anyone to contribute information on cancer mutations. Experts in the field curate and moderate submissions, providing a valuable resource for clinicians to identify important mutations and connect genetic errors with targeted drugs.
Researchers at Jackson Laboratory have identified a newly discovered telomere maintenance mechanism that enables cancer cells to survive and thrive. The study found that most cancer cells reactivate telomerase through TERT transcription, but the exact mechanisms behind this process remained unclear until now.
A new technique called MATQ-seq increases the accuracy of detecting gene expression in single cells to 90%, allowing scientists to study how cancerous tumors begin and potentially uncover better treatments, diagnosis, and prevention strategies.
Researchers identified novel genomic characteristics of cervical cancer, including cell signaling pathways and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The study also found amplification of genes involved in immune responses and potential therapeutic targets.
Researchers found 33 places in breast cancer genomes where tandem duplications were most often found, leading to further cancerous changes. These 'hotspots' may create new driver mutations, making tumours more aggressive and potentially responsive to different treatments.
A new study found that high-aneuploidy tumors have increased expression of genes involved in DNA replication and cell cycle, but decreased expression of genes characteristic of immune cells. This suggests that jumbled chromosomes in tumors may limit the effectiveness of immunotherapy treatments.
Researchers discovered cancer-driving gene mutations in uterine lavage fluid of women with and without endometrial cancer. The study's findings suggest that these pre-cancerous mutations can be detected using advanced genomic technologies, potentially leading to earlier diagnosis and improved treatment outcomes.
Three researchers were awarded the Brupbacher Cancer Research Prize for their work on epigenetics, which regulates gene activity and is linked to cancer development. The team's findings suggest that epigenetic changes can trigger abnormal gene inactivation in tumor cells.
A research team at the University of Basel has discovered a cancer type-specific 'signature' based on ribosomal protein expression. This signature may serve as a prognostic marker for cancer and point towards new therapeutic opportunities, with a strong relationship found between the signature in breast cancer and relapse-free survival.
Researchers capture elusive DNA reaction intermediates in living cells, discovering mechanisms underlying genome instability and a new role for an E. coli protein related to human cancer proteins. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new drugs that prevent cancer by neutralizing these key pieces of genetic code.
The National Cancer Institute has granted $2.5 million to Van Andel Research Institute and Cedars-Sinai to develop better diagnostic and treatment strategies for cancer. The project aims to uncover the underpinnings of cancer by analyzing epigenetic data from thousands of samples.