Articles tagged with Pediatrics
The American Thoracic Society has released a statement on adult and pediatric controlled organ donation after circulatory determination of death (DCDD), aiming to guide stakeholders involved in the process. The statement emphasizes respect for dying patients and their families, while promoting the recovery of viable organs.
The World Health Organization's new guidelines call for immediate antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all HIV-infected children under five years of age. DNDi and Cipla are expediting the development of urgently needed 4-in-1 ARVs adapted for babies and toddlers with HIV, to be delivered by 2015.
Researchers found a 65% increase in IBD hospital discharges from 2000 to 2009, with specific increases seen in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The study suggests an unclear reason behind the trend, with potential contributors including increased disease severity and co-existing conditions.
A study by MassGeneral Hospital for Children found that pediatric practices can effectively implement a smoking cessation program for parents, reaching nearly half of smoking parents. The program, CEASE, was trained in 20 practices and resulted in significant increases in tobacco control assistance and physician referrals.
Researchers aim to improve treatment and rehabilitation strategies for children with spinal cord injuries using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The study plans to enroll 100 children, including those with spinal cord injuries and healthy controls.
A large clinical trial shows that clopidogrel does not effectively reduce shunt-related blood flow issues in infants with congenital heart diseases. Aspirin alone may be effective in reducing the risk of clot formation, while switching to Plavix is not recommended.
Research by Dr. Robert Wyatt and his team provides insights into the molecular mechanism of IgA nephropathy, a common kidney disease in North America. The study's findings suggest noninvasive tests for diagnosis and monitoring, potentially leading to improved treatment outcomes for patients.
A multidisciplinary approach combining preventive measures and regular monitoring significantly reduced ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT) infections in pediatric intensive care patients. The initiative, implemented at Nationwide Children's Hospital, resulted in a 53% drop in VAT cases compared to pre-intervention rates.
Hyundai Hope on Wheels has awarded a $75,000 Hyundai Scholar Grant to Dr. Vivian Chang at UCLA's Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute to support her research on DNA sequencing technology for identifying cancerous genes in children. The grant will enable oncologists to design personalized surveillance programs using advanced to...
A study by The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia found that educating pediatricians about appropriate antibiotics for common respiratory infections led to a significant decrease in broad-spectrum prescribing. This intervention improvedRx guideline compliance, resulting in better antibiotic use and potentially reduced resistance.
The use of CT scans in pediatrics has significantly increased over the last two decades, exposing children to higher doses of ionizing radiation linked to an increased risk of cancer. The study estimates that 4,870 future cancers could be caused by pediatric CT scans performed annually.
A new study reveals that medical devices contribute to complications in children with complex medical conditions. The research found that vascular access devices and nervous system devices were the most common types of devices associated with adverse events, which often affected young children under the age of 2.
A new study published in The Journal of Pediatrics found that most youth football player concussions occur during games, not practice sessions. Players aged 11-12 years were almost three times more likely to suffer a concussion than those aged 8-10 years.
A new study found that 9% of pediatric and adolescent heart transplant recipients experience non-adherence within two years of receiving their transplant. The risk of mortality among non-adhering patients is significantly higher, with a 26% chance of death within one year and 33% within two years.
A new study from the University of California - San Francisco found that African-American and Latino children are increasing their consumption of 100 percent fruit juice, which often has just as much sugar as soda. The study suggests that parents need more education on healthy beverages to replace sugary drinks with water or milk.
A new international study found that prolonged, intense initial treatment in children with multi-system Langerhans cell histiocytosis (MS-LCH) can achieve survival rates as high as 84 percent. The study also showed a significant reduction in disease reactivation rate compared to shorter treatment periods.
UCLA will study the use of videoconferencing technology to deliver integrated behavioral and mental health services to children in community primary care settings. The project aims to provide effective, efficient, and family-centered care to children in low-income communities.
A study found an increase in unintentional marijuana ingestions among children following Colorado's new drug laws, with most cases involving medical marijuana products. The authors recommend public health interventions and increased awareness among healthcare providers to mitigate this issue.
A study analyzing top box-office movies found that tobacco brand producer placements decreased significantly after the Master Settlement Agreement, but alcohol brand placements increased in movies rated for youth audiences. This trend has implications for teen drinking and substance use behaviors during adolescence.
Children with chronic conditions who missed more than half of recommended visits had three times the risk of hospitalization compared to those who attended most of their visits. Regular preventive care is crucial in identifying and managing health problems early.
A cross-sectional study found that bicycle helmet laws significantly reduced the risk of death and injury for children under 16 involved in bicycle-motor vehicle collisions. The study showed a 20% lower fatality rate in states with helmet laws, with an average annual reduction of 900 fatalities.
A global consensus statement establishes standardized definitions and measurements for drug-resistant tuberculosis in children. Research findings highlight the importance of colonization pressure as a predictor of healthcare-associated MRSA infections.
A new study published in Pediatrics found that men diagnosed with childhood ADHD were more than twice as likely to become obese as those without the condition. The study tracked the health outcomes of 207 white men diagnosed with ADHD and their comparison group over 33 years.
A study found that obese children have a unique breath pattern linked to potential complications like diabetes and fatty liver disease. Another study identified high-powered magnets as a common cause of severe digestive damage in children, requiring surgical interventions.
Researchers at UC San Francisco found that giving small amounts of formula to infants experiencing high early weight loss can increase the length of time their mothers end up breastfeeding. This study provides evidence for the benefits of 'early limited formula' in some newborns.
A new study reveals that pediatric nurse staffing ratios are significantly associated with hospital readmissions for children with common medical and surgical conditions. Children treated in hospitals meeting a contemporary staffing benchmark of no more than four patients per nurse were less likely to be readmitted within 15-30 days.
A study published in PNAS found that a compound in breast milk may prevent necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants. Breast milk contains high levels of sodium nitrate, which is converted to nitrite by gut bacteria, producing the vasodilator nitric oxide.
A study of 120 high school football players found that one-quarter had suffered a concussion and more than half acknowledged continuing to play with symptoms. Most players knew common signs and symptoms but were reluctant to report them to their coaches.
A study by the American Academy of Pediatrics found that states with mandatory helmet laws have significantly lower rates of fatalities and incapacitating injuries among children. The research showed a 2-per-1-million-child difference in fatal and incapacitating injury rates between states with and without helmet laws.
A study by Dr. Ann-Marie Conn found that out-of-home placements can lead to significant improvements in mental health problems among school-age children who have been maltreated, with a decrease in symptoms for 6- to 10-year-olds. However, the benefits were not seen for younger or older children.
A survey by the American Academy of Pediatrics found that nearly 90% of drivers engage in distracting behaviors while driving their children, leading to a higher risk of crashes. The study also highlighted the importance of using age-appropriate child restraints and finding internal motivations for safety seat use.
A new study found that prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) is associated with lower intelligence and hyperactivity in early childhood. The study, presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies annual meeting, suggests that maternal exposure to PBDEs can disrupt thyroid hormone and cause learning problems.
A new study by Columbia University found that teenage girls who engage in regular physical activity are at a lower risk of being involved in violence-related behaviors. The study analyzed data from 1,312 students and found that exercise was associated with decreased odds of being in a gang, carrying a weapon, or participating in fights.
A study found that nearly one in five children and teens at risk for suicide report having guns in their homes, with 15% knowing how to access both. The research emphasizes the importance of parents understanding gun risks and encourages ED screening tools.
A study found that children living near toxic waste sites in lower and middle income countries have high blood lead levels, resulting in a loss of IQ points and higher incidence of mental retardation. The researchers estimated that 6 out of every 1,000 children could experience mild mental retardation.
A study by the American Academy of Pediatrics found that cyberbullying is prevalent among high school students, with 16.2% reporting electronic bullying in the past year. Girls and whites are disproportionately affected, highlighting the need for targeted awareness and prevention strategies.
A study found that female high school athletes were less likely to engage in physical fights and carry weapons compared to non-athletes. However, athletic participation did not have a significant impact on bullying or violence among male students.
A recent study published by the American Academy of Pediatrics found that magnesium intake and absorption are significantly associated with bone density in children. Unlike dietary calcium, which was not significantly linked to bone mineral content or density.
Research from the American Academy of Pediatrics reveals that college students who use both tobacco and marijuana smoke more cigarettes per month than users of tobacco only. The study also found that concurrent marijuana and tobacco use is associated with increased risk of smoking more tobacco.
The childhood disability rate has increased by 16 percent over the past decade, with a significant spike in neurodevelopmental disabilities among children. Meanwhile, physical health-related disabilities have decreased, particularly among children under six years old.
A new study finds that preterm infants require a daily dose of 800 IU of vitamin D3 to reduce the risk of vitamin D insufficiency. Higher doses led to better bone mineralization, but excess levels caused no major effects.
Babies born to mothers who took vitamin C during pregnancy had less wheezing in the first year of life compared to those who received a placebo. Vitamin C supplementation improved lung function at birth and reduced episodes of wheezing through one year of age.
A new study reveals that preschool children living in 'walkable' neighborhoods are less likely to be obese. The research highlights the importance of urban planning and neighborhood design in preventing childhood obesity.
A recent study published by the American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that toothbrushes are not a common source of Group A Streptococcus (GAS) bacteria, which causes strep throat. The research found that even after being used by children with strep throat, toothbrushes did not consistently harbor GAS bacteria.
A recent study by pediatricians from the Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York found that over 90% of medical specialists who diagnose and manage ADHD in preschoolers do not follow treatment guidelines. The study suggests that many specialists are recommending medication as part of their initial treatment plan, despite guidelines...
A symposium at a pediatric meeting will address how to protect youths from violence, with speakers discussing screen violence and aggression, violent media, guns and suicide, and community efforts to prevent gun violence. The event aims to translate research findings into actionable public health strategies.
The American Academy of Pediatrics is calling for a national agenda to address the issue of childhood poverty, which affects 22% of US children. Childhood poverty has severe consequences on child health, including increased infant mortality, chronic diseases, and poor nutrition.
A recent study found that nearly 43% of high school students admit to texting while driving, with higher prevalence among males and older teens. The American Academy of Pediatrics warns that this behavior significantly increases the risk of accidents, making it more dangerous than driving under the influence.
A new study from the University of Michigan found significant geographic disparities in access to medical services and medications for children with diabetes. Only 26 states provided medical coverage and 24 states covered diabetes supplies.
A study found that no vitamin D dosage maintained plasma concentrations within the recommended range by pediatric societies, but all dosages raised levels within a lower range. The 1,600-IU/d dosage was discontinued due to elevated plasma 25(OH)D concentrations, indicating the need for further studies on optimal dosages.
Researchers from CHOP and Penn found that efavirenz is more effective than nevirapine in suppressing HIV in children aged 3-16 in low-resource settings. The study, published in JAMA, suggests a shift in pediatric HIV treatment guidelines could be warranted.
Two studies published in Annals of Emergency Medicine show that most children hospitalized with isolated skull fractures can be safely discharged home, potentially saving the healthcare system millions of dollars. New weight estimation devices, such as the Mercy TAPE, also provide more accurate pediatric weight estimations.
A new evidence-based algorithm guides treatment of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease in children, recommending simultaneous kidney and liver transplantation for select patients. The approach aims to decrease overall mortality and morbidity, particularly in those with end-stage renal disease and congenital hepatic fibrosis.
A Patient Centered Medical Home model is proposed to assess and promote health by incorporating social determinants of health into clinical guidelines. The model aims to reduce socioeconomic disparities in healthcare for all patients.
A new teaching technique using scripted debriefings improved medical knowledge and instructor ratings among novice pediatric CPR trainers. The 'advocacy inquiry' method helped participants reflect on their decisions, leading to better performance in emergency situations.
Between 2000-2008, 6,920 youths were injured due to firearms, resulting in 17 fatalities, highlighting the need for increased focus on preventing pediatric firearm injuries.
A pediatric emergency medicine physician at Hasbro Children's Hospital is leading a $3.2 million NIH-funded study to validate a two-question screen for adolescent alcohol abuse. The goal is to determine if the shorter survey can predict risky behaviors as effectively as longer questionnaires.
A study of HIV-infected children and adolescents found that highly active antiretroviral therapies do not impair heart function. Instead, the therapies appear to be cardioprotective, reducing the risk of heart failure in these patients.
A Johns Hopkins study found that official guidelines leave room for interpretation, leading to variable treatment choices and outcomes. Clinicians expressed ambivalence about hospitalizing patients, particularly those with recent abortions or social circumstances making inpatient care challenging.
A study found modest but meaningful improvements in children with fragile X syndrome who received minocycline treatment. The antibiotic yielded significant improvements in anxiety and mood-related behaviors, while behavior problems and verbal functioning showed little change.