Articles tagged with Amino Acid Sequences
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study by Arizona State University shows that certain proteins can act as efficient electrical conductors, outperforming DNA-based nanowires in conductance. The protein nanowires display better performance over long distances, enabling potential applications for medical sensing and diagnostics.
Researchers led by Charles Carter will investigate how critical molecules interacted and evolved together, leading to the emergence of life on Earth billions of years ago. They aim to characterize an ancestral alphabet and establish how it grew into the twenty-letter coding alphabet used in genes.
USTC researchers develop a method named SCUBA for de novo protein design, employing a novel statistical learning strategy to generate protein main chain structures with high designability. This approach enables the creation of novel protein structures not observed in nature, expanding the diversity of accessible protein geometries.
Researchers at UC Riverside have identified a new host protein interaction in chickens that triggers a strong immune response against viral infections. The discovery sheds light on the differences between bird and human immune responses to zoonotic viruses.
Scientists at the University of Groningen have developed a nanopore-based method for protein identification and sequencing. They constructed a proteosome-nanopore system that can recognize proteins from peptide spectra and sequence entire proteins directly.
Researchers develop DNA Nanoswitch Calipers to measure distances within single molecules using force, enabling the identification of single proteins in samples. This technique creates a unique 'fingerprint' that can be used to identify known molecules or infer structural information about unknown ones.
Silent mutations, which don't change protein sequences, hold diagnostic value in predicting cancer types and patient survival. The study analyzed over 10,000 cancer genomes and found that combining information from silent and non-silent mutations improved classification and prognostication up to 17% and 5%, respectively.
The PROTEIN-ID project aims to create a device that can read the fingerprint of proteins and identify their sequence, enabling rapid detection of diseases. The innovative device will use spectroscopic techniques, machine learning, and nanoscale sensors to analyze protein structures.
A University of Pennsylvania-led study found that protein actin's nucleotide sequences, not amino acid sequences, govern its functions in cells. The faster translation rate of beta-actin mRNA causes it to attach to substrates more strongly, slowing down cell movement.
Non-optimal codons enable coronaviruses to infect multiple hosts, increasing viral mRNA load. This finding highlights the importance of considering non-optimal codon usage in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development.
A new overview article explores innovative strategies for protein sequencing at the single-cell and single-molecule level, enabling critical insights into cell-to-cell variation in organs and tissues. This breakthrough may lead to routine clinical applications for diagnostic and treatment purposes, fulfilling personalized medicine.
The new ViruSurf system facilitates rapid exploration of genomic data, enabling better understanding of viral mutation patterns. Researchers can now query when mutations started and how they spread globally.
Researchers developed ODiNPred, a machine learning tool using experimental NMR data for hundreds of proteins, to predict regions of rigidity and flexibility. This helps understand the biological role and regulation of intrinsically disordered proteins.
A team of researchers at the University of Chicago has developed an AI-led process to design artificial proteins using big data and machine learning models. The breakthrough reveals relatively simple design rules for building artificial proteins, which performed chemistries rivalling those found in nature.
A new protein-based technique analyzes amelogenin in tooth enamel to estimate human biological sex with superior accuracy than DNA analysis. This method allows for sex determination of children and is reliable even with weak DNA signals.
A study of human and mouse genes reveals a link between intron phase and length, shedding light on the functioning of brain cells. Long phase 1 introns found in genes involved in nerve impulse transmission may play a key role in this process.
Researchers at Cornell University have discovered a unique feature in the virus that causes COVID-19, which could explain its high transmissibility. The study identified a structural loop in the spike protein and a specific sequence of amino acids that are different from other human coronaviruses.
A team of scientists used machine learning to speed up the process of identifying optimal self-assembling peptides for biocompatible electronic devices. By screening 8,000 candidates, they were able to rank each design and pave the way for experimentalists to test the most promising ones.
A scientist has described the details of an enzyme that mimics Maxwell's demon, enabling efficient energy transformation and cellular regulation. This discovery sheds light on how biological processes create information, a fundamental aspect of life.
Scientists have developed a method to identify all 20 amino acids in proteins using nanopores, a major breakthrough towards protein sequencing. The technology allows for precise differentiation of modified forms of amino acids, potentially identifying hundreds of modifications.
Researchers from the University of Freiburg and US universities have developed a method to differentiate between individual amino acids in short peptides. They used an aerolysin nanopore to measure the ion current through the pore, enabling the sensitive measurement of peptide size and structure.
A research team developed a new machine learning approach called UniRep to predict protein functions and identify optimal amino acid sequences. The method was trained on 24 million protein sequences and accurately predicted features such as protein stability and secondary structure.
Researchers discovered that different mechanisms govern chromosome interaction with the synaptonemal complex, particularly for sex chromosomes like X. The findings highlight the importance of structural features over primary amino acid sequences and suggest a chromosome-specific aspect to human meiotic defects.
Researchers at U of M Medical School have discovered a new mechanism that could help treat obesity. The team found critical mutations in molecules implicated in obesity and diabetes, suggesting a possible therapeutic approach to human disease.
Scientists developed a machine-learning method to analyze protein structures and predict pathogenic mutations. This approach helps identify disease-associated amino acid substitutions in membrane proteins, which account for 25-30% of all cellular proteins.
MIT researchers create a system to convert protein molecular structures into audible sound, allowing for the creation of new proteins with useful properties. The system uses artificial intelligence to study cataloged melodies and introduce slight changes, resulting in new protein designs.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have developed a new method for determining 3D protein structures from lab-designed DNA sequences. By assessing the effects of genetic mutations on protein functions, they were able to identify functional interactions within DNA sequences and construct 3D structures that closely mimicked those deri...
Researchers develop a method for predicting protein functions using amino acid sequences, eliminating the need for structural data. This breakthrough enables better protein engineering and design, with potential applications in drug development and biological research.
Researchers at Lobachevsky University studied the thermodynamic and structural properties of hevein, a protein with antimicrobial activity. The study revealed a phase transition at 222.8 K, which may lead to the development of new resistant crops and medicines.
A new algorithm that combines experimental data with machine learning reduces the time needed to find optimal peptide sequences, allowing for faster discovery and synthesis. This method has the potential to revolutionize how peptides are designed and could lead to breakthroughs in materials science, chemistry, and medicine.
Recent studies published in PLOS Computational Biology have introduced novel computational methods to explore the molecular function of proteins. These approaches aim to simplify the challenge of determining functions for an ever-increasing amount of known proteins by identifying shared functional sites and predicting their activity.
Biomaterials with precisely ordered structures could be used for various biomedical applications due to their precise control of self-assembly. The hybrid approach allows researchers to expand the chemical diversity of protein-based materials by combining different alphabets, such as amino acids and lipids.
Researchers at Technical University of Munich have developed a strategy for designing peptides that can be administered orally, overcoming the major challenge of stability and absorption. This breakthrough simplifies the creation of peptide medications, potentially offering new treatments for various diseases.
A new vaccine approach developed at UCLA may help lower hospitalizations due to the flu. The researchers used genomics to identify and eliminate the virus' defense mechanisms, enabling a safe and highly effective vaccine candidate that can be taken as a nasal spray.
The study reveals that the genetic code, specifically silent nucleotide substitutions, plays a crucial role in determining the functions of vital proteins. Ribosome density on RNA is also found to be significantly higher for β-actin than γ-actin, enabling it to translate into protein faster.
Researchers found that proteins with specific sequences can trigger the degradation of their own synthetic ribosomes, leading to aborted translation. However, living organisms also possess a mechanism to counteract this phenomenon, allowing for precise regulation of protein expression in response to environmental changes.
Researchers provide direct evidence for the GC-NSF(a) hypothesis, suggesting a mechanism for creating entirely new genes and proteins. The study found that an EntNew protein can be generated from a non-stop frame on the antisense strand of a GC-rich gene.
Edward O'Brien's research aims to understand how the speed of protein assembly affects its structure and function, a question that was once considered unresolved by scientists. His team is developing computer simulations to model protein translation and explore the origins and consequences of translation rate changes on protein behavior.
The study reveals that Echinolittorina snails have a unique enzyme structure that enables them to maintain protein stability at high temperatures, allowing them to thrive in hot environments. The researchers found that subtle differences in amino acid sequences between the snail proteins enabled them to remain functional and stable at ...
A new classification system for viruses based on their structure could help identify and treat emerging viruses. The system uses computational tools to detect similarities in the genetic code of viruses with similar outer structures, suggesting a common ancestor.
Researchers developed a machine learning classifier to discover membrane-active peptides with diverse sequences. The approach identified new peptides with broad biomedical implications, including immunotherapy and anticancer therapeutics.
Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham have identified a quality-control checkpoint in pre-B cells that restricts the range of antibodies produced by mature B cells. The discovery has potential implications for making vaccines more potent.
A new study from RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science reveals that amino acid sequences are key determinants of silk fiber material properties. The research sheds light on the unique properties of silkworm silks, including their mechanical and thermal behavior.
A recent study analyzing 40 Zika virus strains identifies significant changes in amino acid and nucleotide sequences, diverging between Asian and African lineages. The data suggests the strains evolved from a common ancestor, with human isolates more closely related to the French Polynesia/2013 strain.
Baylor College of Medicine researchers have developed a new mathematical tool that combines biochemistry and computational analysis to identify specific structural changes in the dopamine 2 receptor, which helps maintain its structure and function throughout an evolutionary time scale. This discovery opens the possibility for better dr...
Researchers at the Advanced Science Research Center have developed tunable peptide emulsifiers with biocompatible and biodegradable properties. These peptides can form oil-in-water emulsions with varying stability under different environmental conditions.
Researchers have made significant breakthroughs in protein structure prediction and design, enabling the creation of new proteins with unprecedented accuracy. By leveraging computational design and collaborative efforts, scientists can now devise amino acid sequences that fold into novel structures, far surpassing what is predicted to ...
Researchers at Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard have engineered changes to the CRISPR-Cas9 system, significantly cutting down on 'off-target' editing errors. The newly-engineered enzyme, eSpCas9, will be useful for genome editing applications requiring high specificity.
Berkeley Lab scientists discovered specific amino acid arrangements in FG Nups proteins enable efficient transport of molecular cargo into and out of the nucleus. These findings have implications for understanding diseases like cancer and infectious disorders.
A new study reveals that FUS proteins do not assume a regular shape but instead form dynamic droplets with RNA, which are crucial for organizing genetic material. This finding challenges the assumption that preventing FUS-related diseases like ALS and cancer can be achieved by targeting its static forms.
Researchers found a previously unknown code within the genetic code that affects protein assembly speed, leading to different functions of identical proteins. This discovery has significant implications for understanding human disease-causing mutations.
A team of researchers found that snow leopard haemoglobin is equally as inefficient as the haemoglobins of all other big cats and structurally similar to those of house cats. The study suggests that animals may compensate for poor oxygen capacity by breathing harder, but further research is needed.
Researchers from Penn Vet show how arginylation, a protein modification, regulates an enzyme called PRPS2, critical for human life and involved in cancer. The study suggests that arginylation could be a target for intervention to prevent uncontrolled cellular expansion in cancer.
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology discovered that proteins can be constructed of similar amino acid chains even when their three-dimensional shapes differ significantly. This suggests that modern proteins arose from common precursors, built up from smaller fragments according to a modular principle.
A research team analyzed centipede venom protein and peptide sequences to catalog, categorize, and reconstruct their evolutionary histories. They identified 60 unique venom protein and peptide families from just five species investigated, including 11 new protein families showcasing novel centipede venom ways.
Researchers at Arizona State University have developed a technique to identify amino acids, including subtly modified variants, by analyzing electrical activity signals. This breakthrough advances the prospect of clinical protein sequencing and discovery of new biomarkers for diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's.
Researchers developed a diagnostic method that reveals factors behind conditions thought to have environmental triggers by decoding an individual's immune system. The process identifies disease-specific antibodies and their corresponding antigens, providing insight into conditions like Type-1 diabetes, autism, and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers analyzed X-ray crystal structures of resurrected Precambrian proteins, revealing structural similarity among proteins since life first evolved on Earth. This approach provides insights into protein structure evolution and may aid in designing novel proteins.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania designed a variant of the mu opioid receptor, which can be grown in large quantities in bacteria and is water-soluble, enabling experiments that were previously challenging or impossible. The new design allows for further iterations to be easily made alongside experimental conditions.
A novel avian-origin H7N9 influenza virus was found to show rapid evolution, with several viruses circulating in Hangzhou. The virus's pathogenesis in humans remains unknown, but substitutions have been identified as potential pathogenicity factors.