Articles tagged with Cellular Proteins
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have discovered the structural proof of DNA and RNA breakdown by PLD3, an enzyme linked to Alzheimer's disease. The study provides a map of the protein, which could lead to better understanding of its role in certain diseases.
Researchers have discovered a protein called NEMO that prevents the formation of toxic protein aggregates in Parkinson's disease. By labeling proteins for degradation and interacting with autophagy machinery, NEMO promotes the breakdown of harmful aggregates, potentially leading to new therapeutic strategies.
Researchers identified key proteins involved in the process, including mTOR and TSC2, which can be targeted to slow or halt disease progression. The study's findings suggest new therapeutic strategies to save dopaminergic neurons and alleviate motor and cognitive symptoms.
Researchers discovered a novel therapeutic target BAMBI that suppresses immune cells, reducing the effectiveness of radiation therapy and inducing therapy resistance in cancer patients. BAMBI's expression is associated with improved survival rates, suggesting it as a promising approach to overcome radiation therapy resistance.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine found lipid-signaling microdomains in condensates, previously thought to function primarily in cell membranes. These discoveries may lead to a better understanding of neurodegenerative diseases like ALS and Alzheimer's disease.
A new study found that HSP10 treatment improved exploratory preferences, object contacts, and swimming time in aged mice, while also increasing proliferating cells and differentiated neuroblasts. The protein also mitigated age-related gene reductions and increased sirtuin 3 levels.
Researchers have identified a sequence within therapeutic mRNAs that causes unintended immune responses and found a way to correct these errors. By designing 'slip-resistant' mRNAs, the team aims to produce future mRNA vaccines with improved safety and efficacy.
A study published in Nature Communications sheds light on the critical role of P4-ATPases, particularly ATP8B1-CDC50A, in maintaining lipid asymmetry in cell membranes. The research team used cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structure and function of the human flippase complex, revealing its regulation by phosphoinositides.
A recent study by Goethe University Frankfurt has identified a mechanism that could be a suitable starting point for developing novel drugs against leukemia cells. The researchers discovered that the mutated NPM1 gene variant drives pro-autophagic activity, enabling cancer cells to recycle their structures and meet their needs.
A team of researchers at UMass Amherst has discovered a crucial role played by the enzyme UGGT in protein folding. The study reveals how UGGT 'tags' misfolded proteins with specific sugars, enabling chaperones to identify and correct errors.
Researchers discovered that prion protein and copper form sticky droplets under oxidative stress, leading to abnormal solid formation. The study highlights the biological significance of liquid-liquid phase separation in regulating copper homeostasis by PrP.
A new study by Tulane University has identified a previously unknown molecular pathway that could halt lung cancer growth. The research found that protein RBM10 can suppress lung cancer by targeting the function of c-Myc, a protein that drives cancer cell growth and proliferation.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology and Massachusetts General Hospital mapped the genome to understand how IKAROS controls healthy B cell development. They found that IKAROS solves a big problem in B cell development by bringing together far-away genes through looping, leading to proper expression and antibody production.
Researchers have identified a new mechanism for removing RNA-protein crosslinks induced by aldehydes, which can damage cellular function. This discovery sheds light on the effects of aldehydes on human cells and may be particularly important for maintaining cell function in older individuals.
Researchers have identified a crucial biological trigger of Huntington's disease, finding that methylation converts an important protein into waste. By targeting this process, they may develop effective therapies for other neurodegenerative diseases.
A Berlin researcher is investigating biophysical phenomena relevant to brain diseases through a €1.5M European Research Council grant. The goal is to understand the behavior of aberrant protein inclusions in neurodegenerative diseases.
A recent study published in the Journal of Cell Biology has made significant progress in understanding autophagy and lipid recycling. Researchers used yeast as a model organism to identify key players in the process, including Atg15, Pep4, and Prb1, and demonstrated that Pep4 and Prb1 activate Atg15 to break down phospholipid bilayers.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have determined the structure of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), a protein crucial for packaging and releasing neurotransmitters in neurons. The study provides critical information for drug development to treat hyperkinetic disorders like Tourette syndrome.
UiB researchers and their international team have found that N-terminal acetylation protects proteins from degradation, affecting cell longevity and motility. This discovery provides new insights into the function of a common protein modification in human cells.
Researchers at the University of Nottingham have discovered a protein that seals plant roots to regulate nutrient and water uptake from the soil. This finding has significant implications for developing climate-proof crops with reduced water and chemical fertilizer requirements.
Researchers from BSC and CSIC have developed an artificial protein capable of degrading PET micro- and nanoplastics with efficiency between 5 and 10 times higher than current PETases. The protein can be used as filters to purify or recycle plastics, offering a potential solution to environmental pollution.
A team of researchers has created a 'proteomic clock' that can predict a healthy person's age based on their protein profile, revealing accelerated aging due to diseases. The study also detected proteins associated with Parkinson's disease in eye fluid, offering a potential pathway for earlier diagnoses.
Scientists have developed a technique to restore the function of human-derived GPCR proteins in yeast cells, which could accelerate research and lead to more effective treatments. The approach, using error-prone polymerase chain reaction, introduces random mutations that enhance protein stability and function.
Scientists have discovered two 'switch' regions in the structure of the K-Ras protein that are affected by dangerous mutations. These regions, located near a protein loop, can amplify cell division and lead to cancer. Researchers say their findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of these mutations and potential drug targets.
Cells employ a protective mechanism to preserve orphan ribosomal proteins during heat shock, allowing for rapid recovery once the stress subsides. This study uses lattice light sheet 4D imaging and pulse labeling with HaloTag dye to visualize these processes in real-time.
Researchers at Saarland University have identified a crucial mechanism in the human OPA1 protein that enables optimal energy conversion in mitochondria. This breakthrough could lead to customized therapeutic solutions for patients with OPA1-related diseases.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins have published a guide for prioritizing the next steps in completing the human genome catalog. The study highlights the importance of cataloging non-coding RNA genes and enhancing databases of gene variations that cause illness and disease.
Researchers at UW-Madison discovered that FMRP regulates mitochondrial function in human brain cells even before birth, leading to a potential treatment for FXS. The study suggests that FMRP plays a critical role in prenatal development and may be linked to autism spectrum disorder.
Researchers have discovered that midbody remnants, thought to be cellular trash, contain working genetic material that can change the fate of other cells, including turning them into cancer. The study suggests that these remnants may play a key role in spreading cancer throughout the body.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have shown that graphene oxide nanoflakes can reduce the accumulation of misfolded amyloid peptides in yeast cells, which are similar to human neurons affected by Alzheimer's disease. This suggests that graphene oxide may hold great potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers developed a novel approach to predict therapeutic targets for aging and age-related diseases. They trained a domain-specific BioGPT model on biomedical literature, which improved its performance in identifying prospective targets.
Researchers discovered that intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in proteins play a critical role in chromatin regulation and gene expression. IDRs form droplets called condensates that separate from surrounding fluid, allowing proteins to congregate and carry out cellular activities.
Researchers identified key proteins regulating cholesterol distribution within cells, including OSBP1, ORP92, and GRAMD1s. This discovery sheds light on the critical mechanisms underlying cellular cholesterol distribution, offering insights into various health conditions.
Researchers discovered protein p53's role in regulating sociability, repetitive behavior, and hippocampus-related learning and memory in mice. Lowering p53 levels led to changes in gene expressions related to behavior, while elevated p53 levels were linked to positive learning outcomes.
The UCLA-led team has developed a solution to improve cryo-electron microscopy's imaging capabilities for smaller protein molecules, enabling higher-resolution images. This advance is expected to help researchers identify specific locations on proteins that can be targeted for therapeutic purposes.
A team of scientists has developed a method to detect active Cullin-RING ligases (CRLs), which are responsible for destroying unwanted proteins in cells. The new technology, called a molecular radar, reveals which CRLs are deployed to address cellular stresses and perform the actions of some anti-cancer drugs.
Peroxisomes, like miniature factories, specialize in detoxifying cells by dismantling excess fatty acids and toxic substances. The discovery sheds light on the recycling mechanism of biological nanomachines, AAA-ATPases, which keeps inner cell surroundings clean and functional.
Researchers identified four novel receptors potentially linking endometrial cancer with polycystic ovary syndrome, highlighting a major pathway involved in the increased EC risk in PCOS. The PI3K-AKT signaling pathway is consistent with a link between PCOS and EC.
A new molecular mechanism has been identified that helps plants adjust protein levels to fight infection. By unzipping specific RNA structures, plant cells can produce defense proteins. This discovery also has implications for human cells, suggesting a similar mechanism may control protein production in response to pathogens.
Researchers at EMBL Grenoble have obtained the first structure of p38α being activated by MKK6, opening up new directions for developing drugs to stop cytokine storms. The inflammatory response is triggered by a series of kinases, and inactivating p38α could prevent inflammation from occurring.
A new mechanism of protein quality control has been identified in C. elegans pharyngeal muscles, which acts as a 'safety net' to prevent toxic protein build-up and restore function to the organ. This tissue-specific protection may help explain why some brain areas are more resistant to protein aggregation.
Researchers discovered NSMF protein's role in alleviating DNA replication stress by displacing weakly bound RPA proteins and promoting phosphorylation. This mechanism accelerates relief of replication stress, offering a new direction for treating various diseases, including cancer and age-related conditions.
A team of scientists at VCU Massey Cancer Center discovered a previously unknown interaction between proteins that supplies energy to tumor cells, holding significant implications for colon cancer treatments. By blocking heat shock protein 27 activity, researchers confirmed a decrease in mitochondrial function and death of cancer cells.
A new technology has identified a genetic abnormality causing xeroderma pigmentosum (XP)-F, a skin disorder. The technique effectively reversed many cellular phenotypes associated with XP and may be effective for genetic treatments of other diseases.
Researchers have developed a new method to study the inner workings of cell nuclei during embryonic stem cell differentiation. By using fluorescent proteins, they found that biomaterials become more uniformly distributed as cells mature, resembling oil droplets in water, but with intriguing complexities.
A new study published in eLife reveals the folding speed limit of helical membrane proteins using a robust single-molecule tweezer method. The findings provide unprecedented insights into structural states, kinetics, and energy barrier properties, offering valuable guidance for advancing pharmaceutical research and design.
Salk researchers have identified a new set of molecules that fuel the growth of tumors in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common type of pancreatic cancer. The study found that activating a super-enhancer leads to an increase in protein production, enabling rapid cell growth.
A UNIGE team has identified a new mechanism governing microtubule growth, involving two proteins that form a liquid-liquid phase separation at the tip of the microtubule. This discovery opens up unprecedented prospects for developing new treatments that can act at the heart of cells.
A team at Tohoku University has used cryo-electron microscopy to study a crucial protein involved in zinc ion transport. The study reveals new insights into the mechanisms governing zinc transport, which play a vital role in enzyme catalysis, DNA binding, and gene regulation.
Scientists have discovered that small fat-filled lipid droplets can indent and puncture a cell's nucleus, leading to elevated DNA damage. This finding has significant implications for various diseases, including cancer.
Researchers at St. Jude uncover how ABCG2 protein removes chemotherapies from cells, highlighting a potential path to combat drug resistance. The study identifies key amino acids responsible for this promiscuity and suggests designing inhibitors targeting these sites.
SARS-CoV-2's nucleocapsid protein (N) uses human body temperature to replicate, binding to RNA motifs at specific spatial folds. The study reveals new functions and potential targets for antiviral drugs.
A Purdue University research team has revealed complex new details about the function of a key protein shared by mammals, including humans. The study shows that DNA methylation plays an important role in how young, unformed mammalian cells divide and develop into more specialized cells.
Researchers discovered cytoplasmic retinoic acid receptors, such as RARalpha, are essential for T cell linking sensing at the cell surface with downstream signaling cascades and gene expression programs. The study sheds new light on TCR signaling and its connection to cancer treatment.
Imaging mass cytometry showcases odd numbers of proteins in kidneys of lupus patients, identifying novel markers for disease. The study found decreased and increased disease markers pointing to renal disease, with potential enlargement of glomeruli in some patients.
Researchers at MIT have discovered a single scaffolding protein, TCOF1, responsible for forming a biomolecular condensate within the nucleolus. The findings suggest that this condensate played a crucial role in the evolutionary shift from a bipartite to a tripartite nucleolus 300 million years ago.
Research identifies key molecular signatures and pathways contributing to skeletal muscle strength loss in females with estrogen deficiency. The study found parallel patterns of inhibition and activation across various signaling pathways, including AMPK and calcium signaling.
Researchers have identified a new pathway for HIV to enter the cell nucleus, and synthesized molecules that can target this pathway. The study found three proteins critical to the invasion, and their interaction, which could lead to new treatments for diseases such as Alzheimer's and cancer
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have discovered the inner workings of Ebola virus replication inside host cells, revealing 'viral factories' that form clusters of viral proteins and genomes. These microscopic structures are formed in host cells and play a crucial role in the virus's life cycle.
Researchers identified a new approach to treat poxviruses by targeting a cellular protein, making the virus more susceptible to natural defences. Existing immunosuppressive drugs can restrict replication and spread of poxviruses.