Articles tagged with Dna Bases
A new federally funded study using mice reveals that some epigenetic marks can be inherited in ways that break the rules of inheritance explored by Gregor Mendel's work. The study also found new examples of inheritance patterns that defy Mendel's law, including a naturally occurring paramutation.
Researchers discovered how the Lsr2 protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) protects against foreign DNA inserted into its genome. This mechanism involves the protein forming condensates that silence specific regions of Mtb DNA, preventing harm to the bacteria.
Researchers have developed the Joint Open Genome and Omics Platform 1.0 (JoGo 1.0), which organizes human gene types into four levels based on global frequency. The database catalogs 19,194 human genes with a novel naming system, enabling secure integration of sensitive datasets and linking each gene type to public resources.
Researchers at The University of Osaka have developed a novel technology to unzip DNA's double helix structure, allowing for efficient and accurate genetic testing. The device uses a nano-sized platinum coil and precise heating to minimize DNA damage and read information from the DNA molecule.
A Kobe University team developed a DNA base editing technology that enables precise control over microorganism genetic content without using template DNA from other organisms. They successfully applied this technique to industrially important Lactobacillus strains, creating safer probiotics for people with type 2 diabetes.
Researchers have developed a new CRISPR-Cas method to decipher the function of genetic variants that contribute to cancer. The approach creates tens of thousands of cells with different gene variants, allowing scientists to identify which variants make cancer cells resistant to standard drugs.
The new approach utilizes epigenetic principles to encode digital information onto existing DNA strands, significantly increasing storage capacity and reducing costs. The technique enables the storage of vast amounts of data in a minuscule space for long durations, offering a major shift from conventional storage technologies.
Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham have discovered that the protein SRSF1 can bind and unfold complex RNA Guanine-quadruplexes. This finding could provide new avenues for treating illnesses such as cancer, which is often linked to misfunctioning splicing processes.
Researchers created novel gene editing enzymes with improved precision, reducing off-target RNA edits by over 99%. The technology has potential applications in treating mitochondrial genetic diseases and may lead to transformative treatments within the next five years.
Researchers found XRCC1 to have both positive and negative correlations with prognosis across different tumors. The study also revealed associations between XRCC1 expression and DNA methylation patterns, TMB, MSI, immune cell infiltration levels, and immune checkpoint gene expression.
Researchers developed a new base modification, Z-mRNA, that demonstrates low immunogenicity and reduced cytotoxicity compared to unmodified mRNAs. The modified mRNA can induce a substantial immune response and has potential therapeutic applications beyond COVID-19 vaccines.
Researchers create adenine base editor with 'on/off' switch, reducing off-target edits by over 70% and increasing accuracy of on-target edits. The tool has potential to correct nearly half of disease-causing point mutations in human genome.
CyDENT base editors allow efficient and precise modification of genetic information in living organisms. The system enables strand-specific base editing in nuclear and organellar genomes, with high strand specificity demonstrated in mitochondrial genome editing.
Researchers used DNA-PAINT to study base-stacking interactions in DNA strands, finding that adding one more interaction increases stability by up to 250 times. This information allowed them to design a highly efficient three-armed DNA nanostructure with potential biomedical applications.
A Japanese research team has developed a technique that could lead to a new paradigm for genomic analysis using quantum computers. The breakthrough involves identifying single nucleotides, a crucial step toward creating a molecular sequencer of DNA.
Researchers use base editing technology to restart fetal hemoglobin expression in SCD patient cells, achieving higher and more stable levels than other genome editing technologies. The approach has potential as a 'one-size-fits-all' treatment for all mutations that cause SCD and beta-thalassemia.
The study uses AI-assisted methods to discover novel deaminase proteins with unique functions through structural prediction and classification, expanding the utility of base editors. New DNA base editors with remarkable features were developed, enabling tailor-made applications for various breeding efforts.
Researchers from Tokyo Institute of Technology explore co-polymerization of glycol nucleic acid monomers with dicarboxylic acids to produce branched and linear xeno nucleic acid polymers. These findings suggest that diverse prebiotic organic molecules could have led to population-level differences in abundance of genetic polymers.
Researchers from the University of Surrey investigate how protons move in Hachimoji DNA, a synthetic form of DNA not yet found in nature. They find that proton transfer happens more easily in Hachimoji DNA compared to regular DNA, suggesting potential implications for mutation rates and genetic systems.
Researchers at UCLA successfully used base editing to correct a mutation causing rare immune deficiency CD3 delta SCID. The treatment corrected an average of 71% of patient stem cells and allowed them to produce fully functional T cells, suggesting long-term persistence of corrected blood stem cells.
A team of researchers from Peking University's College of Future Technology has identified a DddA homolog from Simiaoa sunii that can efficiently deaminate cytosine in double-stranded DNA. This discovery expands the sequence compatibility of mitochondrial base editors, enabling efficient and highly specific editing.
A new study found that E. coli K-12 has accumulated numerous genetic changes compared to its original isolated bacteria, making it less suitable as a model organism. This discovery highlights the rapid evolution of bacterial genomes and challenges the long-standing use of a single strain in research.
A team at the University of Exeter has found genetic changes in a region that controls the activity of the genome, turning on or off genes, which led to the discovery of the cause of Congenital Hyperinsulinism. This breakthrough could unlock new causes of rare diseases and pave the way for improved treatments.
A joint research team discovered a new genetic mutation related to intellectual disability, which affects the SlitTrack2 protein's function in forming excitatory synapses. The study found that mutations disrupt excitatory synaptic transmission and impair cognition in mice.
A team of physicists and chemists at the University of Surrey used computer modeling to show that quantum mechanics can cause errors in DNA replication, leading to mutations. The researchers found that protons can tunnel through energy barriers, causing mistakes in the pairing of DNA bases.
A team of researchers has developed a DNA-based data storage platform with an expanded molecular alphabet, enabling the storage of vast amounts of digital information. The new system uses nanopores to distinguish between natural and chemically modified nucleotides, increasing storage density and sustainability.
A team of researchers has discovered a novel epigenetic mark in bdelloid rotifers, small freshwater animals, that allows them to control jumping transposons. This marks the first time a horizontally transferred gene has reshaped the gene regulatory system in a eukaryote.
GIST scientists utilized latest advances in single molecule detection to observe the enzymatic activity of gene repair. The study revealed that ExoIII has an affinity for damaged DNA sites, creating a gap that Pol I fills. Understanding this mechanism may lead to technologies for targeted gene repair and drug development.
Researchers developed a novel method for labeling DNA bases using electrochemical detection and redox labels. This approach allows for the identification of individual nucleotides in a single strand of DNA, enabling faster and more affordable DNA sequencing and diagnostic applications.
Researchers developed Janus bases to target and silence harmful genes in rare genetic diseases. The bivalent nucleic acid recognition platform is being used to create new treatments.
Using a new technique called DOMINO, MIT researchers can store and record complex 'memories' in the DNA of living cells. The system allows for precise editing of DNA bases to encode information, enabling scalable and defined memory systems similar to silicon-based computers.
The team, led by Xiaowei Zhuang, captured the first recorded rotational steps of a molecular motor as it moved from one DNA base pair to another. They used DNA origami to build molecule-sized propellers that allowed them to visualize the motor's movement.
Researchers have discovered that DNA base editors can induce tens of thousands of off-target RNA single nucleotide variants (SNVs). To address this issue, they engineered deaminases to eliminate the off-target effects, providing a solution for the clinical application of these methods.
Scientists at UC Berkeley developed a new DNA synthesis method that uses a natural human enzyme to print long DNA strands in water. The technique offers improved precision and potential for faster research and development of new medicines.
Researchers at Ohio State University have discovered how the most common DNA mutation happens, a phenomenon that allows guanine and thymine bases to change shape and avoid detection by enzymes. This finding provides a foundation for understanding other types of DNA mutations, which are responsible for diseases and normal aging.
Researchers from NIST and collaborators suggest a new DNA sequencer based on an electronic nanosensor that can detect tiny motions in single atoms. The device uses a thin film of molybdenum disulfide to store electric charge, allowing for fast and accurate sequencing of DNA bases.
Researchers at OIST Graduate University have developed an efficient approach to study ribozyme mutants, revealing key findings about the structure and properties of these RNA molecules. The study found that ribozymes are highly robust against mutations, potentially explaining their widespread presence across different forms of life.
Researchers at McGill University discover that cyanuric acid can coax DNA into forming a triple helix, unlike the familiar double helix. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of new DNA structures with unique properties.
A team of researchers from the University of Cambridge and the Babraham Institute has discovered that a naturally occurring modified DNA base, 5-formylcytosine (5fC), is stably incorporated in the DNA of many mammalian tissues. This rare 'extra' base may play a key role in regulating gene activity.
Researchers have found evidence of a potential sixth DNA base, methyl-adenine (mA), in complex organisms including humans, algae and worms. This discovery could have significant implications for our understanding of epigenetics and gene regulation.
Researchers at Arizona State University have identified a new mechanism of charge transport through DNA, differing from previously recognized patterns. The discovery has important implications for the design of functional DNA-based electronic devices and understanding health risks associated with oxidative damage to DNA.
Duke University researchers have found shape-shifting DNA base pairs that can trick the copying machine, leading to random genetic changes. These 'quantum jitters' appear at a frequency similar to DNA copying errors, which might underlie evolution and cancer.
A team of scientists from Arizona State University and IBM have developed a prototype DNA reader that can distinguish individual chemical bases of DNA. The device is thousands of times smaller than the width of a human hair and could make whole genome profiling an everyday practice in medicine.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute engineered a bacterium to replicate unnatural DNA bases, which could lead to breakthroughs in medicine, nanotechnology, and protein therapeutics. The unique organism can contain three pairs of DNA bases instead of the traditional two, providing new possibilities for genetic coding.
EPFL researchers have developed a new method for detecting individual DNA molecules using graphene nanoribbons, offering improved precision and potential for DNA sequencing. The technology has the potential to detect other types of proteins and provide information on their size and shape.
Researchers discover a protein that recognizes damaged DNA bases, which could lead to cancer. The discovery may help identify individual susceptibility to certain cancers, particularly colorectal cancer.
A review by Northeastern University physicist Meni Wanunu questions the feasibility of nanopore technology for fast and affordable genome sequencing. The main technical hurdles include slow process rates, protein pore limitations, spectroscopic information gaps, and clogging issues.
Researchers have developed a new method to detect DNA damage using nanopores, which can lead to gene mutations and diseases. The technique can pinpoint damaged sites within a DNA strand, providing valuable insights into disease mechanisms.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute discover that unnatural DNA bases can replicate efficiently, suggesting an expanded genetic alphabet could carry more information. The finding has implications for the origins of life and the development of novel molecular tools.
The agreement enables the development of a revolutionary DNA sequencing system with unprecedented speed and cost-effectiveness. Drs. Stuart Lindsay and Colin Nuckolls' novel approaches for reading DNA bases will be integrated into Roche's sequencing center of excellence.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine have discovered the seventh and eighth bases of DNA, called 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine. These modified bases are thought to play a role in DNA demethylation and stem cell reprogramming.
Biophysicist Stuart Lindsay's new technique uses recognition molecules to grasp each base in turn, generating a distinct electronic signal that identifies each base. This allows for the reading of individual bases without interference from neighboring bases, including recognition of epigenetic modifications.
UC Davis researchers have identified a new inducible pathway for repairing DNA damaged by oxygen radicals, which could lead to a better understanding of the causes of some cancers. The discovery involves an enzyme called NEIL1 that detects and repairs aberrant bases before changes in the genome become permanent.
Researchers create tiny sensor molecules using DNA that can detect multiple substances with different color changes, enabling a vast array of responses to various molecules. The DNA sensors could be used in portable devices, such as a fluorescence microscope, to detect everything from incipiently souring milk to high explosives.
Researchers at Arizona State University have developed a versatile DNA reader that can distinguish between the four core chemical components of DNA. The device uses nanotechnology and scanning tunneling microscopes to detect unique electrical signatures from each base, enabling faster and cheaper genome sequencing.
Researchers at Arizona State University use single-walled carbon nanotubes to accelerate DNA sequencing, detecting sharp spikes in electrical activity during DNA translocation. The technique has potential to speed up sequencing by thousands of times while reducing costs.
DNA exists in a slightly underwound state, and its status changes in waves generated by normal cell functions such as replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. The researchers found that DNA can be underwound to the point where one of two bases flips out, relieving stress on the molecule.
Researchers at Arizona State University have developed a synthetic analog of DNA, called Glycerol Nucleic Acid (GNA), with unique properties that can be used to create nanostructures. The team, led by John Chaput, has successfully synthesized self-assembled nanostructures composed entirely of GNA.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have found that the UDG enzyme searches for genetic damage by trying on DNA building blocks like a puzzle, holding onto mistakes and leaving correct ones in line. The discovery may help address how diseases like cancer arise in the genome.
A Northwestern University researcher has explained the nature of the resistive force that determines the speed of DNA as it moves through a nanopore, using classical hydrodynamics. This understanding could help scientists slow down the DNA enough to make it readable and usable for medical and biotechnology applications.