Articles tagged with Pharmacogenetics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers identified associations between genetic variants and differential drug response in patients of Hispanic and Caucasian ethnicity. The study found that genetic ancestry strongly influences a person's response to anticancer drug treatments, with notable associations for drugs like temozolomide and etoposide.
A study found that white patients and larger, well-supported institutions have higher participation rates in pharmacogenomic trials. Conversely, racial diversity at hospitals decreases participation rates for both white and nonwhite patients.
Researchers compiled summaries of 71 leading cardiovascular drugs and their interactions with genetic variations to improve prescribing decisions. The study found that seven frequently prescribed medications warrant pharmacogenomic guidelines, which can help prevent adverse drug reactions and treatment non-response.
The Mayo Clinic is launching a study of 10,000 patients to examine the potential risks of drug reactions based on individual genome variations. Researchers will analyze DNA sequencing data from 69 genes influencing drug metabolism, aiming to identify 'early warning systems' for adverse reactions and ineffective treatments.
The EORTC PAMM Group discusses the importance of considering individual patient characteristics and tumor genetics in cancer treatment. Pharmacogenetics can help prescribe efficacious treatment and lower toxicity, improving patient outcomes.
Despite promises of personalized medicine, pharmacogenomics research has focused mostly on common diseases, neglecting tropical infections and rare diseases prevalent in developing countries. Researchers from low-income countries also conducted few studies on these topics.
Genomic medicine provides pharmacogenomic information to forecast therapy responses and genomic susceptibility testing to predict disease risks. However, this added knowledge may pressure patients to comply with doctors' recommendations and shift responsibility for health care decisions from doctor to patient.
A $2.4 million grant will help identify genetic variations that can predict the response to various treatment options for type 2 diabetes, with the goal of reducing cardiovascular disease. The study aims to target interventions to patients most likely to benefit and least likely to be harmed.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found no significant association between the CYP2C19 genotype and cardiovascular events in patients taking clopidogrel. The study suggests that genetic testing may not be necessary to determine individual response to the medication.
A team led by UC San Diego aims to study the genetic bases of bipolar disorder and lithium treatment through a 5-year project, expanding the NIH's Pharmacogenomics Research Network. The goal is to identify key genetic markers to personalize treatment and improve patient outcomes.
The Ohio State University will enhance drug response rates and reduce adverse reactions with a $9.1 million grant for a five-year study on expression genetics in drug therapy. The project aims to identify genetic differences among individuals to predict optimal treatment and prevent side effects.
The NIH is expanding its Pharmacogenomics Research Network (PGRN) with a $161.3 million investment over five years. The network aims to develop novel research methods and study the use of pharmacogenetics in underserved populations, including rheumatoid arthritis and bipolar disorder.
The UCSF team will receive two grants totaling $15.1 million over five years to expand their research into how genes affect medication response. The goal is to pave the way for personalized medication, allowing for safer and more effective treatment.
A new clinical trial led by University of Pennsylvania researchers will study the impact of genetic makeup on quitting success for smokers. The study, which will analyze 1350 adult smokers, aims to develop a personalized medicine approach to improve quit rates.
The NIH is expanding its Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base (PharmGKB) to analyze genomes and identify genetic variations associated with disease risk and adverse drug reactions. The goal is to develop tools that automatically extract information from biomedical literature and databases to improve the safety and efficacy of medicines.
A common gene variant affects how people respond to Plavix, a leading anti-clotting medicine. This defective enzyme version reduces the drug's effectiveness in about 30% of the population, increasing their risk for strokes and heart attacks.
Researchers developed a method to use genetic information to determine optimal doses of warfarin, reducing the risk of adverse effects. The study included data from 4,043 patients worldwide and found that patients on the extreme ends of the dosage range saw significant benefits.
A large-scale study and clinical trial suggest that incorporating genetic data into warfarin prescribing can lead to more accurate ideal dosages, particularly for patients at the extremes of the dosage range. This could help minimize dangerous complications and improve treatment effectiveness and safety.
A study confirms that using genetic information can more accurately estimate warfarin doses, reducing the risk of overdose or underdose. The gene-based dosing algorithm was found to be more effective than traditional clinical formulas in identifying patients at high risk of bleeding or clotting.
Scientists developed a gene-based strategy for warfarin dosing using data from over 5,000 patients worldwide. The algorithm predicts ideal doses with high accuracy, reducing the need for trial-and-error approaches.
The UC San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences is leading a nationwide program in pharmacogenomics, providing educational resources to over 100,000 healthcare professionals. The goal is to increase awareness of pharmacogenomic testing and its implications for personalized medicine.
Researchers identified a genetic variation in the VKORC1 gene that determines a patient's initial sensitivity to warfarin treatment. The study found that only variations of VKORC1 predict response within the first week of therapy, which could lead to better warfarin dosing and increased safety.
A £5 million investment will introduce personalized medicine treatments tailored for each patient's unique genetic make-up. The project aims to reduce drug side-effects and improve treatment efficacy.
The NIH has renewed a network focused on understanding how genes influence drug responses, aiming to create personalized therapies with fewer side effects. The network will explore various genetic factors affecting medication efficacy and toxicity across nine NIH components.
Pharmacogenomics has the potential to improve treatment successes and reduce adverse reactions by targeting specific drugs at specific patients. The industry is expected to bear a larger share of costs associated with drug-treatment failures as well-targeted therapies become more commonplace.
Researchers found that obese individuals have disrupted ghrelin patterns, with lower blood levels at night, contradicting common expectations. This discovery may lead to new targets for treating obesity and explore drugs that make people more sensitive to their internal cues.
Pharmacogenomics has the potential to improve health outcomes and reduce costs by identifying genes that govern drug responses. However, conducting clinical trials with pharmacogenomic studies poses challenges due to multiple genetic influences and interactions with other drugs.
Attitudes toward pharmacogenomics vary by education level, race, income, and age, but most people are willing to participate in genetic research. Respondents trusted medical institutions over government or pharmaceutical companies to perform the research.
The AAPS PharmSci theme issue delves into the current status of personalized medicine and its promises and limitations. The issue explores new technologies, genetic testing, and individualized approaches to drug therapy.