Counting X Chromosomes To Determine Sex
Researchers found a SEX-1 hormone receptor signal in C. elegans that helps determine sex by counting X chromosomes, similar to the human Dax1 gene.
Regulatory Genes
Articles tagged with Regulatory Genes
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When One Gene Has Two Roles, Its Second Function May Be Missed
A team of scientists found that a single gene with two vital functions can lead to missing roles, highlighting the complexity of mammalian fetal development. GATA-2 expression was previously thought to only control blood cell formation but is now known to have additional roles in the genitourinary system.
Virginia Tech Scientist Seek Genetic Solution To Malaria
Researchers are exploring transgenic mosquitoes capable of transmitting nitric oxide, which can kill parasites. This approach may offer a key to disrupting the complex relationship between mosquitoes and malaria parasites.
DES (Diethylstilbesterol) May Suppress Gene Important To Normal Reproductive Tract Development
Researchers found that DES exposure suppresses a gene crucial for normal reproductive tract development in mice, leading to changes similar to those seen in women exposed to DES before birth. These changes can result in infertility and an increased risk of developing clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina or cervix at a young age.
UNC-CH 'Groucho' Research Offers Insights Into How Embryo, Cancer Cells Communicate
Scientists at UNC-CH discovered that Groucho proteins and Tcf interact to repress internal signaling activity, determining which genes are turned on. This finding could help explain cancer development and contribute to therapies to reverse deadly growth.
Mice Lacking Gene Show Reduced Alcohol Preference And Sensitivity
Researchers found that mice without the D2 receptor had lower alcohol consumption and aversion, suggesting a genetic basis for alcoholism. The study provides insight into the complex interaction between dopamine receptors and systems in the brain.
UCSF Finding Offers Insight Into Way Genes Regulate Aging And Life Span
In a study on roundworms, UCSF researchers found that a gene controlling aging acts not within individual cells but rather coordinates the aging process of the whole organism. The discovery suggests a mechanism that causes all cells to reach a consensus on aging, potentially offering insight into human aging.
Researchers Discover Tumor-Supressor Gene That May Indicate Susceptibility ToLung And Colon Cancer
A new human tumor-suppressor gene, PPP2R1B, has been identified as a potential indicator of susceptibility to lung and colon cancers. The study suggests that the gene's mutations may be inherited, making some individuals more susceptible to cigarette smoke-related chemicals.
Controlled Cell Death
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute have identified Apaf1 as a key component of apoptosis, a process crucial for embryonal development and preventing diseases like cancer and Alzheimer's. The study sheds light on the gene's role in programmed cell death, with potential applications for medical research and treatment.
Loss Of Tumor Suppressor Gene Triggers Colon Cancer
Researchers have found the first connection between the loss of a tumor suppressor gene and activation of an oncogene, providing new insights into the genesis of most cases of colon cancer. The study reveals that mutated APC genes switch on MYC, a gene associated with various cancers in animals and humans.
Scientists Closer To Locating Gene That May Explain Cholesterol Absorption
Researchers found a genetic link to abnormal cholesterol absorption in individuals with sitosterolemia, a rare disease characterized by excessive plant sterol absorption. The study identified a specific gene on chromosome 2p21 that regulates selective cholesterol absorption.
Gene Mutation Found For Common Form Of Mental Retardation
Researchers have located a gene mutation responsible for nonsyndromic mental retardation (MRX), a condition affecting brain development and causing severe cognitive problems. The PAK-3 gene defect, discovered on the X chromosome, gives insight into how neurons interact in learning and memory.
Scientists Discover New Players On The Gene-Activation Team
Researchers at Penn State have identified new molecular players involved in gene expression and discovered unexpected dynamics among these molecules. The study reveals how these molecules interact with each other to activate genes, shedding light on the complex process of gene regulation.
Stargazer Gene Provides New Clues To Calcium Channel Defects In Absence Epilepsy
Researchers have identified a genetic link between the stargazer gene and calcium channel defects in absence epilepsy. The Cacng2 gene produces a defective protein that disrupts normal brain function, leading to abnormal neuron firing and seizures.
Putting Down Your Roots: How Plants Know To Do It
Scientists at Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research discovered a plant gene called EIR1 that plays a critical role in root growth towards the earth in response to gravity. The findings may lead to new strategies for enhancing food production, particularly in arid climates.
Alstrom Syndrome Genetics Studied At Jackson Laboratory
Researchers are identifying the gene that causes Alström Syndrome, a recessive genetic disorder causing blindness, hearing loss, and other conditions. By studying DNA samples from living individuals and their families, they hope to find the gene's location and develop an animal model for the disease.
Scientists Identify New Gene That Controls Sleep/Wake Cycle
Researchers discovered a new gene called double-time that regulates circadian rhythms in fruit flies, which may also influence human sleep patterns. The gene affects the pairing of proteins essential for maintaining daily cycles.
Who Needs Flowers? Transgenic Plants Sprout Embryos On Leaves
Researchers successfully engineered a seed-building gene into a plant's leaves, resulting in the growth of embryonic tissue and roots on leaf surfaces. This breakthrough could lead to valuable innovations in food crops and revolutionize the production of oils and proteins from corn, canola, and soybeans.
Researchers Identify New Component Of Circadian Clock
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have identified a new component of the circadian clock, BMAL1, which partners with CLOCK to regulate daily rhythms. The study shows how closely conserved genes are between different organisms and hopes to shed light on the negative feedback part of the circadian loop.
Researchers Show Mechanism And Similarities Of Biological Clocks
Two teams of scientists have identified similar genes that control the daily cycles of life, revealing a simple feedback loop mechanism. This breakthrough sheds light on how animals like humans regulate their sleep-wake cycles, and may help explain why heart attacks occur more often in the morning.
Cystic Fibrosis Gene Protects Against Typhoid Fever
Researchers discover that the CFTR protein acts as a receptor for Salmonella typhi, allowing it to be ingested and cleared from the body. This finding suggests that cystic fibrosis gene carriers may have protection against typhoid fever due to their abnormal CFTR protein.
Poetically Timed With Spring, Budding Yeast Yield Possible Insight Into Male Fertility--And Infertility
Researchers at UCSF have identified a critical gene involved in yeast spore development that may also play a role in human sperm development. The study found that a gene called NDT80 stimulates the synthesis of proteins necessary for DNA division, and its malfunction can cause permanent arrest in sperm development.
Stanford Microbiologist Receives Lifetime Achievement Award
Charles Yanofsky, a renowned Stanford University microbiologist, has been awarded the 1998 Abbott-American Society for Microbiology Lifetime Achievement Award. He made significant contributions to our understanding of gene expression and protein biosynthesis through his discovery of attenuation as a regulatory mechanism.
Mouse Gene Reveals Clues To Human Deafness
A team of researchers has identified a defective gene, DFNA15, that causes progressive hearing loss in an Israeli family. The gene was pinpointed using a mouse model and is crucial for normal development of mouse hearing.
Wistar Scientists Identify New Tumor Suppressor Gene For Breast And Lung Cancer
Researchers discovered a new tumor suppressor gene, BAP1, which regulates BRCA1 activity and is associated with breast and lung cancer. The study reveals that BAP1 mutations can lead to the development of non-small-cell lung cancers.
Hormone Control Of Rare Leukemia Sheds Light On Molecular Basis Of Cancer
Researchers discovered that a genetic translocation between chromosomes is responsible for the deadly uncontrolled cell growth in APL. The hormone retinoic acid plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression and overcoming this translocation, making it a promising treatment for most cases.
Columbia Researchers Identify Gene For Inherited Baldness
Researchers at Columbia University have identified the first human gene associated with hair loss, offering new possibilities for treating various forms of alopecia. The 'hairless' gene initiates a cascade of events that stimulate hair growth, potentially leading to more effective treatments and gene therapy.
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Investigators
Researchers at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center have identified a combination of drugs that can induce leukemia cells to mature and behave like normal blood cells. By targeting genetic changes underlying acute promyelocytic leukemia, the team developed a novel 'transcription therapy' approach that may improve treatment for other ...
Peutz-Jeghers Disease Gene Identified: Enzyme Loss Causes Polyps And Cancer
Scientists have identified the gene responsible for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, a rare autosomal inherited disease characterized by gastrointestinal polyps and an increased risk of various tumors. Mutations in the STK11 enzyme lead to its loss of function, triggering the development of polyps and cancer.
New Molecular Switch Is The Key That Unlocks DNA Repair
Researchers have identified a new molecular switch that triggers mismatch repair in cells, which can prevent colon cancer. The discovery provides a foundation to specifically target anticancer drugs to this gene.
Autoimmunity Gene Discovered
Researchers have identified a novel human gene responsible for the systemic autoimmune disease APECED. The discovery provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of destructive autoimmune responses and may hold significance for other autoimmune conditions like diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis.
Hopkins Researchers Closing In On Manic-Depressive Gene
Scientists have confirmed a genetic connection to bipolar disorder by locating a gene on the long arm of human chromosome 18. This finding strengthens earlier research and could lead to better treatments and tests for the condition.
Biological Clocks No Longer Found Only In The Brain
Researchers discovered that biological clocks are independently controlled in various body parts, including appendages and sensory cells. These findings could lead to new strategies for treating disorders related to jet lag, shift work, and seasonal depression.
Glucose Metabolism Defect In Rare Form Of Type 2 Diabetes Revealed
A recent study has found that a mutation in the HNF4alpha gene causes MODY1, a rare form of Type 2 diabetes. The defect impairs glucose homeostasis and glycolysis pathways.
Harvard Medical School Researchers Identify Regulator Of Photoreceptor Development
Harvard Medical School researchers have isolated a gene, Crx, that plays a key role in photoreceptor development. The findings suggest that Crx could help prevent blindness in people with retinal disease by regulating the expression of genes unique to photoreceptors.
Inactivation Of Key Gene Allows Worms To Develop Without Insulin
Scientists have identified a crucial gene that controls metabolism in worms and may be responsible for diabetes. The discovery reveals that humans can live without insulin if they carry an inactive version of this gene, opening up new avenues for treating the disease.
UK And Japanese Researchers Find Link Between The Serotonin Transporter Gene And Bipolar Affective Disorder
Researchers have found a possible genetic cause of bipolar affective disorder, linking it to the serotonin transporter gene. The study suggests that variations in this gene may lead to unstable moods and increased susceptibility to the illness.
New Form Of Gene Therapy Holds Promise For The Future
Scientists at UT Southwestern Medical Center have developed a system in mice where the level of a genetically engineered protein responds to inflammatory signals. This method of gene therapy has great potential for treating chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory diseases, and may allow for targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory t...
Two-Pronged Attack On Immune System Cells Engineered By HIV Gene vpr: Effects Markedly Reversed By Antisteroid Compound RU-486
Researchers found that HIV gene vpr blocks cytokine production in infected cells, preventing immune activation. Vpr also prevents apoptosis in infected cells but induces apoptosis in neighboring immune cells, making it harder for the body to defend against the infection. The antisteroid compound RU-486 reversed many of these effects.
BRCA1 Limits Cancers By Triggering The Cell Cycle Inhibitor p21
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have identified a molecular target of action for BRCA1, which induces the cell cycle inhibitor p21. This finding suggests potential strategies for treating breast and ovarian cancers, including screening drug compounds to activate p21.
Gene Sequenced For Disabling Childhood Movement Disorder -- Early-Onset Torsion Dystonia Protein Found
Researchers have discovered a new class of proteins that may provide insights into all dystonia disorders. The DYT1 gene codes for torsinA protein, which is mutated in patients with early-onset torsion dystonia, disrupting communication among neurons responsible for movement and muscle control.
Pea Plant Stem Growth Gene Cloned
Researchers have successfully cloned a key gene responsible for pea stem growth, which codes for an enzyme that converts gibberellic acid into the compound promoting stem elongation. This discovery sheds light on why some plants are tall and others short, illustrating fundamental principles of genetics.
Jefferson Scientists Find Potential Deadly Effects Of Two Missing Cancer-Suppressor Genes
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University found that two missing cancer-suppressor genes play a crucial role in female development, leading to catastrophic cell death. The study suggests that the combination of missing genes is lethal to female mouse embryos, offering new insights into cancer mechanisms and potential therapeutic strat...
Targeting Gene Therapy To Specific Cells: Technique Opens Door To Prevention Of Restenosis After Angioplasty
Researchers have developed a gene therapy technique that restricts the activity of genes used for gene therapy to specific cell types, bypassing safety hurdles. This discovery could lead to targeted treatment of cardiovascular diseases and other disorders.
NIH Leads International Group That Identifies Gene For Familial Mediterranean Fever: Mutations Date Back To Biblical Times
Researchers have identified the gene responsible for Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), an inherited disease characterized by recurring fevers, abdominal pain, and inflammation. The discovery of the pyrin protein mutations may lead to a simple diagnostic blood test and improved treatments for FMF.
MGH Researchers Find Connection Between Aging Gene And Insulin Receptor
Researchers at MGH discovered a striking similarity between the worm C. elegans' aging gene daf-2 and the human insulin receptor, implying that insulin-like control of metabolism is ancient. This finding suggests human counterparts of other worm genes may be defective in diabetes.
New Gene May Intensify Breast Cancer Growth
A new gene, AIB1, has been discovered in breast cancer cells that amplifies their growth. The gene is part of a family known as SRC-1 and interacts with steroid hormone receptors, enhancing tumor cell growth.
Evolution Re-Sculpted Animal Limbs By Genetic Switches Once Thought Too Drastic For Survival
Scientists have found genetic switches that underlie the evolution of novel body structures, including distinctive feeding limbs called maxillipeds. In crustaceans, variations in the pattern of activity of two Hox genes correspond with anatomic changes tracing ancestral relationships and evolution.
Altered Genes, Altered Metabolism--Longer Life?
Researchers have identified the daf-2 gene as a potential target for slowing aging in humans. Altering glucose metabolism may be crucial in extending lifespan. By understanding this mechanism, scientists hope to uncover new strategies for promoting healthy aging and increasing human longevity.
Jefferson Scientists Discover Mechanism Of Viral Link To Disease Commonly Associated With Asbestos
Researchers found a direct evidence of simian virus 40's potential mechanism in the development of mesothelioma, a rare cancer associated with asbestos exposure. The study suggests that SV40 targets key proteins preventing tumors from forming, rendering them ineffective.
Scientists Identify A Tumor Suppressor Gene Implicated In Breast Cancer
Researchers discovered that abnormal expression of the WT1 gene is linked to nearly 70% of breast cancers, which may lead to new treatments. The study suggests restoring functional tumor suppressor genes like WT1 could help combat breast cancer.
Scientists Bridge Gap In Cell Communication
Researchers from the University of Wisconsin-Madison have discovered a critical step in cell communication that promotes bone formation, limb growth, and tissue development. The study reveals how the MAD protein regulates gene transcription in response to specific signals.
NIH Scientists Identify Gene For Fatal Childhood Disorder, Niemann-Pick Type C
Scientists at NIH have identified a gene alteration associated with NPC, leading to improved diagnosis and understanding of the disease. The finding also offers insights into cholesterol metabolism and may contribute to treatments for atherosclerosis.
Genes That Control Early Heart Formation May Lead To New Therapies For Congenital And Adult Heart Disease
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified three genes controlling early heart formation, which may lead to new treatments for congenital and adult heart disease. The study found that the absence of these genes can result in cardiac anomalies, highlighting the potential for targeted therapies.
Making No Bones About How To Make Bone: Three Studies Identify Gene That Could Open Avenues To Osteoporosis Treatments And Tissue Engineering
Researchers have identified a gene, CBFA1, essential for bone-forming cells to arise in the embryo. Disruption of this gene causes cleidocranial dysplasia, a developmental disorder that stunts bone growth.
First Circadian Clock Gene Cloned In Mammals
Researchers successfully cloned the Clock gene, a key regulator of circadian rhythms in mammals. The gene's identification provides insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythm entrainment and expression, potentially leading to new treatments for sleep disorders and jet lag-related issues.
First Circadian Clock Gene Identified And Cloned In Mammals
Researchers successfully cloned the first mammalian clock gene, identified as 'Clock', which regulates biological clocks and sleep patterns. The discovery provides new insights into the genetic basis of individual differences in human sleep-wake behavior and may lead to the development of new drugs to regulate circadian rhythms.
Researchers Discover First Autism-Susceptibility Gene
A multi-centered team of researchers found a link between a specific gene abnormality and autism, potentially leading to more precise diagnosis and treatments. The study identified a shortened form of the serotonin transporter gene promoter as a key factor in autistic children.
Hopkins Researchers Discover Genetic Pathway Linked To 90 Percent Of Colon Cancer
Scientists have identified a key genetic pathway responsible for 90 percent of colon cancers, which could lead to the development of targeted therapies. The mutation of the APC gene disrupts normal cell regulation, causing uncontrolled growth and cancer.
Key Step In Activating Immune System Discovered
Researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science have identified a key gene called NIK that plays a crucial role in triggering the immune response. By removing the 'brake' on the NF-kappaB protein, NIK activation sets off an immune response that could be harnessed to develop new medications for autoimmune diseases and HIV.