Articles tagged with Sugars
A study at the University of York found that microbes in plant roots rapidly consume sugars and convert them into carbon dioxide, creating a shortcut in the carbon cycle. This process was demonstrated using C-13-labeled carbon dioxide, allowing researchers to identify the active microbes.
Researchers discovered that specialized sugars are predominantly responsible for bone's characteristic toughness and stiffness, challenging previous beliefs about collagen's role. This finding could lead to new treatments for osteoporosis and other bone disorders by targeting sugar molecules.
Researchers found that defects in protein glycosylation, a process adding sugars to proteins, promote inflammation and neurodegeneration in MS. A dietary supplement similar to glucosamine may correct these defects and treat both short-term and long-term symptoms.
The American College of Physicians recommends setting blood sugar targets for patients with type 2 diabetes, aiming to prevent microvascular complications. Additionally, a study reveals that many women of childbearing age are prescribed dangerous drugs without proper birth control monitoring.
Research suggests that cravings for chocolate are driven by sugar and fat content rather than psychoactive compounds, contradicting popular notions of 'addiction'. The study also reveals a preference for milk chocolate and chocolate-covered confectionery over dark chocolate.
A recent study published in the International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition found no evidence that soft drinks alone contribute to children's weight gain. Instead, researchers discovered that overweight children consumed more food overall and had a greater tendency towards savory rather than sweet foods.
Researchers have discovered that a sugar in mosquitoes allows the malaria-causing parasite to attach itself to the gut, enabling its development and transmission. Reducing this sugar can prevent parasites from developing, offering a promising approach to blocking malaria spread.
Researchers at UW-Madison developed a novel enzyme that can decorate chemical molecules with natural sugars, altering their biological effects. The new enzyme has the potential to create a range of therapeutic agents for cancer treatment and infection prevention.
A study by UCF researchers found that insulin produced in genetically modified lettuce can restore normal blood sugar levels in diabetic mice. If successful in human trials, the method could affect millions of diabetics worldwide and reduce healthcare costs.
A University of Southern California study reveals that sugar molecules attached to the surface of the receptor act as a hinge, opening a gate in the cell membrane and transmitting news of nicotine's arrival. The research also identifies a water molecule deep in the receptor's core, which may enable the receptor to alter its shape.
Researchers discovered that neutrophils recognize and respond to a specific form of sugar called beta-1,6-glucan on the surface of fungi, which elicits a stronger reaction than another sugar with similar chemical properties. This unique sugar may help stimulate the immune system and combat deadly pathogens.
A recent study by University of Illinois researchers has revealed extensive atomic and molecular spectral emission not previously seen in a mechanoluminescence event. The findings also include the first report of gas phase chemical reactions resulting from a mechanoluminescence event.
Researchers at Michigan State University have developed a new corn variety that can break down cellulose in leaves and stalks into simple sugars for ethanol production. This innovation allows for more cost-effective and efficient production of ethanol, enabling the sale of waste products as an economically viable commodity.
Researchers at ASU and Walter Reed Army Medical Center are creating a smart, active, and energy-storing transtibial prosthesis called SPARKy. The device has been shown to amplify motor power by three-fold in experiments with able-bodied subjects, enabling it to revolutionize prosthetics for military personnel and others.
A team of scientists has conducted molecular simulations to understand the cellulose enzyme complex's role in breaking down tightly bound cellulose into sugars. By discovering key steps in this process, researchers can develop protein engineering strategies to speed up the reaction and produce ethanol more efficiently.
The report estimates that nearly 60% of people with type 2 diabetes have at least one serious health complication, including heart disease, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. Estimated annual healthcare costs for a person with type 2 diabetes complications exceed $10,000.
A systematic review of studies published over four decades confirms that good doctor-patient communication significantly impacts patient outcomes, including resolution of chronic headaches and improved blood pressure readings. The review highlights the importance of clarifying instructions and checking for understanding to ensure effec...
A team of researchers has developed a technique to identify and structurally characterize glycans, assemblies of sugars attached to proteins on cancer cell surfaces, which may lead to the development of diagnostic tools or therapeutic agents specifically targeting them.
Researchers at Iowa State University have developed a technology that improves soy processing by increasing protein yield by 46% and sugar content by 50%. This breakthrough could generate up to $230 million per year in revenue through the production of low-cost, sugar-enriched whey.
A recent study by Saint Louis University researcher Edward Weiss found that about half of Americans have a version of the FABP2 gene that affects fat metabolism, increasing their risk of developing diabetes. Lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise can help mitigate this risk.
Researchers have adapted bacteria in the human gut to produce human growth factors that repair colon cells, reducing inflammation in IBD. The treatment uses a plant sugar called xylan, found in tree bark, to control the release of the medicine.
A study by the University of Bristol revealed that children's packed lunches are often lacking in essential nutrients like potassium and zinc. In contrast, school meals tend to provide higher intakes of protein, vitamins, and minerals, as well as lower sugar and saturated fat content.
Research published in Phytotherapy Research found that silymarin extract can significantly lower fasting blood sugar levels and reduce glycosylated haemoglobin in patients with type II diabetes. The study showed promising results, but further large-scale trials are needed to confirm its effectiveness.
Researchers at Clemson University have created a nanotechnology-based countermeasure to render anthrax spores harmless. The method uses sugar-coated carbon nanotubes to bind with the spores, preventing their inhalation and destruction.
Researchers discovered that fruit flies missing the Gr66a protein consume caffeine as if it were not bitter due to their inability to detect its taste. This finding sheds light on how animals perceive bitterness and has implications for understanding caffeine-induced behavior in other organisms, including humans.
A team of Wisconsin scientists has found a simple process to expand on nature's chemical creativity, making critical anticancer agents and antibiotics. The discovery opens the door to a variety of new opportunities in the natural product drug arena.
Researchers discovered that a small fraction of IgG antibodies in IVIG carry sialic acid, responsible for its anti-inflammatory effects. The team enriched IVIG for these molecules, increasing its activity by a factor of ten and paving the way for a new class of therapeutics.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found a surprising connection between the energy usage of yeast cells and their genetic material. Removing an enzyme involved in energy production led to the shutdown of 70% of genes and cell death. This study could lead to new strategies for slowing aging and treating cancer.
A recent study by Cornell University researchers found that acid rain is causing a decline in sugar maple trees due to its acidic effects on the soil. The study used a test plot to replicate favorable soil conditions prior to industrial pollution and found that sugar maples rebounded dramatically when calcium levels were restored.
Studies of lab-grown yeast populations show that cooperators can resist cheats due to toxin accumulation, enabling long-term coexistence. Researchers suggest ideal organism type could switch between selfish and efficient metabolism in response to environmental cues.
Researchers have developed a 3D modeling technique that shows how antibodies bind to bacterial sugars, allowing for potential new vaccines. This technique can be used to create new vaccines that protect against multiple strains of bacteria.
A new cell surface profiling technique developed by Carolyn Bertozzi and her team could lead to the creation of a simple blood test for cancer diagnosis. The method involves tagging glycoproteins with a metabolic label and monitoring changes in O-linked protein glycosylation.
Researchers have developed a cost-effective pretreatment process that integrates three technologies to produce bioethanol from corn stover. The new process generates four valuable products, including amorphous cellulose, hemicellulose sugars, lignin, and acetic acid.
Researchers are developing new artificial sweeteners and non-calorie sweetness enhancers to reduce health risks associated with high sugar consumption. The ACS symposium highlights potential breakthroughs in treating taste disorders, identifying supertasters at risk of colon cancer, and creating safe natural sweeteners.
Human activities are disrupting the balance of diseases in oceans, causing harm to sea lions, marine mammals, and humans. Coral diseases, linked to sugars from sewage and run-off, are also on the rise, threatening coral reefs.
Research by Kline at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute found that high levels of sugar in seawater can kill corals by encouraging bacterial growth. This discovery underscores the need to consider the impact of carbon compounds on coral reefs when developing conservation efforts.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin have developed a new method to analyze the sugar coating on bacteria, allowing for faster diagnosis of infections. The technique uses lectin microarrays to identify specific sugars on bacterial surfaces, providing valuable insights into how the immune system recognizes bacteria.
A recent study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that over 63,000 Ontario patients with diabetes had inadequate blood sugar control, with testing rates decreasing among younger adults. The research highlights concerns about unequal access to care and its impact on health outcomes for this vulnerable population.
GlycoFi researchers have made a major leap in protein bioengineering by controlling sugar structures on antibodies to boost cancer-killing ability. This approach can be applied to any therapeutic glycoprotein, and the company is poised to capitalize on the growing 20% annual growth of the therapeutic protein market.
Researchers at GlycoFi have successfully produced human-glycosylated antibodies in yeast, improving cell killing and drug characteristics. This breakthrough allows for unprecedented control and uniformity of glycosylation, enabling optimization of therapeutic proteins.
A large cohort study found that sulfonylurea drugs increase the risk of mortality and cardiac events in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study suggests that sulfonylureas should be used only as a third-line treatment option, due to their potential to harm heart muscle.
Dental researchers discovered that cranberry juice acts like Teflon for teeth, preventing bacteria from clinging to surfaces. Cranberry juice also disrupts the formation of plaque by inhibiting enzymes that build dental plaque.
Researchers have identified potential natural compounds in foods like tea, cinnamon, and buckwheat that could help lower blood sugar levels and prevent complications associated with diabetes. Cherries contain anthocyanins, which increase insulin production when tested in laboratory studies.
Researchers found that consuming sugar snacks reduces glucocorticoid levels in rats, which can help alleviate physical and psychological stress. The study suggests that sweets made from natural sugar may be a healthy 'self-medication' option for managing stress.
Researchers at The University of Manchester and The University of Maryland School of Medicine have made a breakthrough in understanding what makes a substance taste sweet. They found that sugar interacts with two types of taste receptors on the tongue, while some synthetic sweeteners only interact with one receptor. This discovery has ...
A team of scientists at Sanford Burnham Prebys found that an antibody produced in reaction to a naturally-occurring sugar chain curbs intestinal inflammation induced in mice, reversing early symptoms and halting disease progression. The research holds promise for treating Crohn's disease and other inflammatory disorders.
New study reveals that O-GlcNAc modification of proteins regulates cell division and controls the steps and timing of cell division, contributing to cancer and other diseases. Researchers found that increasing or decreasing O-GlcNAc levels disrupts cell cycle, leading to cells with more than one nucleus, a common trait in cancer cells.
Researchers at Penn State discovered that polyphenols in oats inhibit the Maillard reaction, reducing off-flavors and stale odors. The findings suggest that controlling polyphenol levels could prevent undesirable reactions, including those linked to human diseases.
Bumblebees are twice as likely to choose green flowers over orange flowers when they watch others foraging on them. This is the first demonstration of insect social learning, where bumblebees learn by observing other insects.
A team of UW-Madison scientists has developed a technique to easily manipulate and exchange the sugars found in chemicals produced in nature. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new anti-cancer treatments by allowing researchers to rapidly scan the roles of different sugars in complex natural products.
Cats have no way to recognize carbohydrates, resulting in a diet high in meat and fat. This is due to the pseudogenization of sweet-receptor genes, which prevents cats from tasting sweetness.
A new study found that children who watch more TV are less able to provide sound nutritional reasons for their food choices. Excessive TV viewing can lead to confusion about which foods are healthy and help them grow strong and healthy.
Researchers found that reducing yeast in flies' diet increased life span by over 60%, suggesting protein or fat plays a greater role in longevity than sugar. The study's findings challenge the conventional wisdom that eating less promotes longevity and provide insight into the effects of different nutrients on life span.
Researchers found a step-wise increase in soft drink consumption among US children as they age, leading to a decline in milk intake and increased calorie consumption. Milk remains a primary source of essential nutrients, including calcium, phosphorus, and potassium, but its consumption declines with age.
Researchers used functional imaging to track plant nutrients in response to simulated attacks, finding that poplar trees divert more carbon to storage and isoprene production. This study has potential applications for improving plants' resistance to environmental challenges and studying their biochemical processes.
A study by Penn State found that high added sugar intake in preschoolers leads to low consumption of essential nutrients and food groups. Children with high added sugar levels had the lowest intake of vitamins, minerals, grains, vegetables, fruits, and dairy products.
A new study from Michigan State University has found that canola seeds use an unconventional biochemical reaction to produce energy-rich oil, increasing efficiency by 20% and reducing carbon dioxide loss by 40%. The discovery sheds light on the role of the enzyme Rubisco in plant metabolism.
A clinical trial found that insulin pump therapy was safe and well-tolerated in preschool-aged children with type 1 diabetes. Parents were also satisfied with the devices, with 95 percent continuing use after a six-month study. The benefits of insulin pump therapy are still being evaluated in terms of flexibility and convenience.
The Center for Food and Nutrition Policy challenges the 'nutrient displacement hypothesis' suggesting added sugars replace essential vitamins and minerals. The study's findings indicate energy from other sources has a stronger association with micronutrient intake.
The study suggests that monitoring glycated hemoglobin levels can help identify individuals at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Researchers found a significant association between elevated glycated hemoglobin levels and increased risk of large-vessel cardiovascular disease among people with type II diabetes.