Articles tagged with Toxins
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
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Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found that only half of water bodies have fish consumption advisories in line with EPA recommendations. The largest fish sizes need new advisories, affecting up to 65% of sites examined.
Scientists have identified the enzyme responsible for synthesizing tenuazonic acid (TeA), a well-known fungus-killing toxin that affects rice and other crops. The unique TeA synthetase 1 (TAS1) enzyme has an NRPS-PKS structure, previously thought to be exclusive to bacteria.
A recent study published in PNAS has shed light on the mechanism of action of HigB, a bacterial toxin that contributes to antibiotic resistance. The researchers found that HigB selectively degrades specific mRNAs, leading to the formation of persister cells that are tolerant to antibiotics.
Scientists at STRI in Panama compared the diets of two caterpillar species and found that generalist moth caterpillars could actively store toxic plant chemicals in their bodies. This discovery opens new avenues for understanding plant-insect coevolution and has potential medical applications.
A new portable device can accurately screen for marine toxins in shellfish, allowing for quick testing on boats and at remote locations. This innovation solves a pressing problem for the fishing industry, enabling safe sale and consumption of tainted shellfish.
USF researchers received over $1.2 million in federal grants from NOAA to develop new technologies for predicting and identifying red tide. The research aims to improve forecasting capabilities, mitigate the effects of harmful algal blooms, and protect public health and marine life in the Gulf of Mexico.
Researchers have developed a drug that disables C. difficile toxins, preventing intestinal damage and allowing the gut to repopulate with healthy bacteria. The breakthrough could lead to rapid human trials for treating deadly C. difficile infections.
A new UC Davis study found that molecular tests, commonly used in US hospitals, often misdiagnose patients with C. difficile infection, leading to over-treatment and potential harm. The study suggests that traditional toxin tests are more effective in predicting clinical disease and outcomes.
Researchers have identified a toxin from salmonid fish that can be used to treat cancer by inhibiting the switch protein RhoA, which is involved in cell division and tumor metastasis. The toxin, Afp18, attaches a sugar molecule to RhoA, causing it to collapse and blocking cell division.
Researchers at Clemson University are studying Bt toxin hybrids to control pest populations in corn. They found that some resistant insects have developed changes in susceptibility to the toxins, highlighting the need for continued monitoring and management strategies.
Researchers at University of Colorado Boulder discovered that halogen reactions from ocean air can turn mercury into a water-soluble form that stays high in the atmosphere for long periods. This process may help explain why mercury deposition is so widespread and persistent in some regions.
A new study estimates Florida's annual incidence of ciguatera toxin poisoning at about 5.6 cases per 100,000 people, significantly higher than the previous estimate of .2 cases per 100,000. The highest risk areas are around Miami and in the Florida Keys.
A new study found that toxic algal blooms in reservoirs on the Klamath River can travel over 180 miles downriver and create unsafe water conditions. The blooms can accumulate to concentrations that pose health risks to people, pets, and wildlife, highlighting the need for improved monitoring and public health outreach.
A study by Northwestern University scientists found that a Vibrio vulnificus toxin can inhibit tumor cell growth by cutting the Ras protein, which is central to cell division and survival. The toxin's ability to cleave Ras, rather than modify it, represents a novel mechanism for inactivating this protein.
A new study found that genetically modified corn's Cry1Ab toxin has little impact on the corn earworm, contradicting earlier predictions. The results suggest that pest resistance to GM crops may be more widespread than initially thought, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring and research.
Treatment with Botox improves skin pliability and elasticity, mimicking more youthful skin. However, these changes last only for four months, returning to pre-treatment levels.
The accumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances in Canadian birds' eggs is a complex issue with varying trends among species. Some toxins are decreasing due to manufacturing phase-outs, while others continue to rise in the oceanic environment.
A plant toxin has been found to cause biliary atresia, a rare and debilitating liver disease, in animal models. The toxin, isolated from Australian plants, selectively destroys the bile ducts outside the liver, leading to scarring and preventing bile flow.
A study published in JAMA found that administering oral spores of a non-toxigenic C. difficile strain can significantly reduce the risk of CDI recurrence. The treatment, known as NTCD-M3, showed a 30% lower recurrence rate compared to placebo.
A meta-analysis found intragastric injection of botulinum toxin A effective for treating obesity, with significant weight loss in treated patients compared to placebo. Additionally, a study concluded that flexible endoscopes can be stored for up to 21 days after reprocessing without microbial colonization
Botulinum toxin A injections significantly improve lower lip symmetry in children with facial paralysis. The treatment is safe and has the potential to restore permanent symmetry.
A study by American Chemical Society researchers found that oat-based breakfast cereals exceeded EU standards for ochratoxin A levels in 8% of samples. The findings highlight the need for improved oat production, storage, and processing to protect consumer health.
A new study led by the University of Michigan found that mercury concentrations in Hawaiian yellowfin tuna increased at a rate of 3.8% per year from 1998 to 2008, likely due to rising atmospheric mercury levels. This increase is consistent with global trends and highlights the need for stricter policies to reduce mercury emissions.
A new study led by University of Arizona scientists found that transgenic crops producing two or more Bt toxins do not effectively delay pest evolution. In reality, the actual efficacy against pests often does not live up to computer simulation models, leading to inadequate management guidelines.
A new study suggests that biotechnology and traditional agriculture can be compatible approaches toward sustainable agriculture. Combining computer modeling and field research, the international team found that diverse patchwork of crops in northern China slowed adaptation to genetically engineered cotton by a wide-ranging insect pest.
Professor Christian Hertweck has been awarded the prestigious Leibniz Prize for his groundbreaking research on biologically active compounds. His team discovered that endosymbiotic bacteria living within fungal cells are responsible for producing toxins, challenging the long-held belief that fungi produce these toxins.
Researchers found that humans are susceptible to typhoid fever due to the absence of enzyme CMAH, which reconfigures sugar molecules on cell surfaces. This discovery has implications for developing new therapies for typhoid fever.
Research reveals that Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains infecting adults and children globally have similar toxins and virulence factors, indicating potential for a single, effective vaccine.
Harvard Stem Cell Institute scientists have developed a way to use stem cells in the fight against brain cancer. They genetically engineered stem cells to produce and secrete tumor-killing toxins, which were shown to kill cancer cells in mouse brains. This method solves the delivery issue that led to previous clinical trial failures.
Researchers have developed a novel probe that reports on the electrical activity of cells using tarantula toxin, allowing for the observation of voltage-activated ion channels in live cells. This breakthrough has the potential to help scientists understand the function of specific ion channels and identify drug targets for neurological...
A new gene therapy approach has been shown to be effective in preventing and treating botulism exposure, with a single treatment leading to prolonged production of antitoxin proteins. The therapy, known as VNA gene therapy, can protect against toxin-mediated diseases such as C. difficile and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli infections.
A new study shows that the Greater Toronto Area has reduced some smog precursors by at least 20% since 2004, but still exceeds Canada's ozone standards due to high sunshine and calm winds. The research found that lower ozone levels between 2008 and 2011 were offset by a record-high summer ozone concentration in 2012.
Researchers have found that modern maize has lost its ability to produce a defense chemical called E-β-caryophyllene, making it vulnerable to insects and pathogens. By introducing a gene from oregano, scientists were able to restore this chemical production, attracting beneficial nematode worms that kill corn rootworm larvae.
A study by Johns Hopkins Medicine found that saliva enzymes, blood proteins, and muscle proteins can protect against DNA damage caused by pyrogallol-like polyphenols (PLPs) in teas, coffees, and liquid smoke flavorings. The presence of these defenses may explain why PLPs are not causing widespread illness despite their toxic effects.
Researchers discover protein toxic to nematodes, protecting fungus and plant roots from parasites. The toxin docks on modified sugar structures, paving the way for novel vaccines against parasites and pathogenic germs.
The investigational vaccine generates an immune response against key toxins in volunteers and establishes a dosing regimen for Phase III trials, which could help prevent first-occurrence CDI and protect individuals from this potentially life-threatening infection.
A team of nanoengineers at UC San Diego created a 3D-printed hydrogel matrix to house nanoparticles, mimicking the function of the liver in sensing and capturing toxins from the blood. The device successfully neutralized pore-forming toxins, offering a potential solution for removing dangerous toxins from the blood.
A new pilot program uses robotic instruments and computer modeling analysis to track the harmful algal bloom in the Gulf of Maine. The deployment of four Environmental Sample Processors (ESP) will provide near real-time data on toxic algae, helping decision-makers keep people safe.
Researchers at Columbia University Irving Medical Center found a toxin released by star-shaped brain cells called astrocytes that kills nearby motor neurons, leading to neuron loss in human ALS models. The study suggests new potential for slowing down or stopping the destruction of motor neurons and improving drug targets.
A moderate loss of soil microbes may compromise key ecosystem functions and lower toxin degradation. Research found that specialized bacterial functions are not as effective without a rich diversity of soil bacteria.
Engineered anti-toxin antibodies have been shown to increase toxin neutralization activity by enhancing the interaction between toxins and Fc receptors on immune cells, improving protection against anthrax toxin. Additionally, prenatal retinoid deficiency has been linked to airway hyperresponsiveness in adult mice, highlighting the imp...
Researchers at The Rockefeller University demonstrate that engineering Fc domains of anti-toxin antibodies enhances toxin neutralization activity. Mice expressing humanized FcR were better protected from anthrax toxin when given engineered anti-anthrax toxin antibodies.
Researchers from the University of Copenhagen have identified marine bacteria that can effectively inhibit the ability of staphylococci to form toxins and camouflage proteins. These compounds, known as antivirulence therapy, may offer a new solution for treating resistant bacterial infections.
Researchers at the University of Iowa have developed a new vaccine that targets staph toxins, providing almost complete protection against staph infections. The vaccine was tested in an animal model and found to be effective even against high doses of bacteria.
Significant declines in European corn borer populations suggest that expensive, insecticidal toxin-resistant corn hybrids are not needed. Non-Bt hybrid seeds can be a more cost-effective option for growers to reduce potential losses.
A new study by Uppsala University reveals a strong association between high levels of perfluorinated compounds and the development of diabetes. High levels of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were found to be linked to increased diabetes risk in elderly men and women.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute discovered that banana plants accumulate specific toxins in infected root tissues to resist parasitic nematode Radopholus similis. The localized accumulation of defense substances inhibits further propagation of the pest, leading to its death.
A new laboratory rearing method has been developed to study the western bean cutworm's susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. This allows for the evaluation of toxin efficacy and potential resistance development.
A study by University of Montreal researcher Maryse Bouchard found a significant association between PCB levels and cognitive abilities among individuals aged 70-84 years. Higher exposure to PCBs in older age groups led to greater diminution in cognition, particularly in women.
Researchers discovered that anthrax toxin can hide out in human cells for days, avoiding detection by the immune system and cellular machinery. The findings explain why antibiotics are often ineffective against anthrax infections, making it a lingering threat.
The invasive zebra mussel is unaffected by blue-green algae toxins, which may be harming native Unio mussels. This resilience allows the zebra mussel to outcompete and dominate freshwater ecosystems, posing significant costs to industries.
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, have identified a biochemical mechanism that makes cholera toxin so deadly. By weakening cell junctions and increasing sodium ion flow, the toxin causes severe diarrhea. The study's findings could guide the development of new therapies against cholera and other intestinal disorders.
Research reveals that contaminated bivalve molluscs contain toxins at higher levels than the surrounding environment, posing a risk to human health.
Researchers have identified the cells targeted by anthrax toxins, which can cause illness and death. Lethal toxin targets heart cells and muscle cells surrounding blood vessels, while edema toxin targets liver cells.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Dallas have discovered that Bacillus thuringiensis toxin selectively kills malaria-carrying mosquitoes by binding to the BT-R3 receptor. This finding opens up new avenues for designing customized proteins and peptides to combat mosquito-borne diseases, including malaria.
A new hypothesis explains how anthrax toxins escape the endosome, potentially leading to a more effective cure. The NIST/USAMRIID team suggests that complexes of LF or EF bound to PA are active toxins inside cells.
A recent study found that pregnant Hispanic women in California consume high levels of toxins such as methylmercury from tuna and PCBs from farmed salmon, which can cause birth defects and developmental delays. The researchers also highlighted the dangers of tap water and caffeine consumption during pregnancy.
The study reveals that Salmonella typhi's powerful typhoid toxin is responsible for the devastating symptoms of typhoid fever. The discovery could lead to the development of effective vaccines and therapeutics targeting this toxin, offering hope for saving millions of lives.
Research reveals that E. coli strains producing Shiga toxin persist longer in lake water than their non-toxin-producing counterparts, posing a health risk to swimmers.
Researchers have developed a non-invasive method to detect acrolein levels in people with spinal cord injuries and multiple sclerosis, offering potential relief from symptoms. The test measures N-acetyl-S-3-Hydroxypropylcysteine, a metabolite of acrolein, which is stable in urine.