Articles tagged with Cellular Energy
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers are developing models to understand electronic interactions in molecular systems, which could lead to more efficient energy production. By predicting the probability of electron transfer, scientists aim to design new technologies such as improved solar cells.
Dr. Ray Larsen is working on understanding protein communication in bacteria, particularly the outer membrane's defensive barrier. His research aims to develop drugs that can break this barrier, rendering bacteria susceptible to human defenses and certain antibiotics.
A research team from Massachusetts General Hospital has discovered a potential drug target for Huntington's disease by identifying a novel inhibitor of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP1). PARP1 inhibitors can protect HD-affected cells from damage and energy depletion in laboratory assays.
The UK fuel cell industry lags behind others due to underdeveloped supply chains and limited government support. In contrast, Germany has established a robust industry with technological excellence and active government incentives.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found a surprising connection between the energy usage of yeast cells and their genetic material. Removing an enzyme involved in energy production led to the shutdown of 70% of genes and cell death. This study could lead to new strategies for slowing aging and treating cancer.
A Penn State researcher has developed a process that converts organic matter in corn waste into electricity, with a conversion rate of over 93 percent. This technology could provide a new, sustainable source of energy, reducing reliance on ethanol and other fossil fuels.
A recent genetic study discovered a link between beta-actin mutations and developmental brain disorders, including dystonia. The findings suggest that these mutations may play a wider role in a range of congenital diseases.
UM researchers discover benzodiazepine-423 inhibits F1F0-ATPase enzyme, reducing ATP production while selectively targeting disease-causing cells. This mechanism may open new avenues for treating various conditions including lupus, arthritis, and psoriasis.
Researchers at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center have discovered a natural mechanism to prevent apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in cancer cells. The discovery reveals that adding ATP to cancer cells may actually impede apoptosis, highlighting a new potential target for cancer therapies.
A newly discovered enzyme in the brain, CPT1c, plays a crucial role in managing hunger and satiety. Mice lacking this gene eat less but gain more weight on high-fat diets due to their brain's inability to regulate energy balance.
Researchers have found that lactic acid is not a waste product, but rather a link between anaerobic and aerobic metabolism. Efficient use of lactic acid enables athletes to generate more energy from their body's fuel sources, reducing fatigue and improving performance.
Researchers have made significant breakthroughs in understanding the cell respiration mechanism, led by Academy Professor Mårten Wikström. The study reveals the coupling between the proton pump and oxygen reduction, shedding light on how energy is transduced from foodstuffs to cells.
A genetic switch discovered by Hopkins researchers deliberately shuts off a cell's mitochondrial combustion engine under low oxygen conditions. This switch limits the production of toxic oxygen molecules and prevents cellular damage.
Researchers at MIT have created a new type of ultracapacitor using nanotube structures, which can increase the storage capacity by up to 25 times. This innovation has the potential to provide a more efficient and economically viable alternative to conventional batteries.
Researchers found that old mitochondria are leaky, reducing ATP production and making normal activities challenging for the elderly. This inefficiency affects muscle cells' ability to produce useable energy.
A research team led by Jue Chen has visualized the entire cycle of membrane transport proteins, which use ATP to open and close gates allowing nutrients in and waste out. This understanding could enhance knowledge of metabolism and life processes in creatures from bacteria to humans.
Researchers found that progressive loss of two types of hypothalamic neurons, Pomc and Agrp, leads to altered food intake patterns in mice. This discovery provides a potentially informative model for studying human age-related obesity and the regulation of energy homeostasis.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have developed a new polymer membrane that may facilitate hydrogen separation, purification, and transport at high temperatures. The team will test the membranes for use in fuel cell systems to address global energy security concerns.
Researchers at Oregon State University have cultured SAR11 bacteria in a lab to study its unique 'proteorhodopsin' gene. The findings suggest that this gene may serve as an auxiliary energy system for the cells when faced with starvation, benefiting ocean life.
A team of scientists from New Mexico State University and Wake Forest University has achieved a 5.2% solar energy efficiency level in organic solar cells, a significant improvement over previous attempts. This breakthrough could lead to the development of cheaper, flexible plastic-based solar panels within four to five years.
Despite over 100,000 research papers on apoptosis, the process remains unclear due to numerous signaling pathways involved. The 'upstairs/downstairs' model proposes critical steps occur before and after mitochondria breakdown, but identifying key pathways is crucial for developing effective treatments.
A study by UC Irvine researchers discovered that estrogen has a protective effect on the mitochondria in vascular cells, increasing energy production efficiency and reducing oxidative stress. This finding suggests that estrogen may be beneficial for women's cardiovascular health, particularly after menopause.
Researchers at Dartmouth's Geisel School of Medicine have discovered that two kinases, CaMKKα and CaMKKβ, can regulate AMPK independent of LKB1, potentially offering new opportunities for cancer treatment. This finding may also contribute to the development of treatments for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Researchers found that increasing Sirt1 in pancreatic Beta cells improves insulin secretion and glucose metabolism in mice. This study suggests that therapies targeting Sirt1 could provide new treatments for type 2 diabetes.
Mitochondria play a crucial role in delivering energy to nerve cells, but researchers have discovered that they are not essential for communication between neurons. In a surprising finding, mutant fruit flies with disrupted mitochondrial transport can still transmit signals and survive for five days.
Molecular machines can now be driven individually using an electric current, allowing for controlled operation. This breakthrough enables the use of molecular machines in applications such as computing, sensors and bioengineering.
The program combines academics, research, and entrepreneurship to accelerate the development of fuel cell technology. 28 doctoral students will study fuel cell science and engineering over five years.
Theoretical chemists aim to develop models for understanding electron donor/acceptor interactions in molecular systems. They study how the surrounding environment affects electrons' flow, with potential applications in improving photosynthesis and designing efficient solar cells.
Fuel cells could power laptops for a week, reducing recharging time, and provide efficient energy for cars, buses, and mobile devices. UNC researchers are developing liquid precursors to enhance PEM membrane performance, paving the way for more effective fuel cell manufacturing.
Researchers genetically altered mice to resist obesity but still develop early signs of diabetes, revealing the complex network of factors leading from obesity to diabetes. By applying a drug treatment, they increased insulin sensitivity, a primary goal of diabetes treatment.
Researchers at UT Southwestern have discovered that aconitase, an enzyme involved in energy production, plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the mitochondrial genome. This finding reveals a new function for the enzyme, independent of its metabolic activity.
Researchers discovered that failing hearts experience an energy deficit due to a 50% reduction in ATP energy supplied by creatine kinase. This finding suggests new treatments may target the energy supply to improve heart function.
A new study found that rats bred for low aerobic exercise capacity had more cardiovascular disease risk factors than those bred for high exercise capacity. The researchers discovered a close association between low aerobic capacity and metabolic syndrome, including high blood pressure, insulin-resistance, and abdominal fat.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have identified a second source of phosphate in cells, inositol pyrophosphate (IP7), which modifies proteins without ATP's help. IP7's role in regulating brain chemicals and protein synthesis suggests new potential treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers at Idaho National Laboratory have achieved a major advancement in producing hydrogen from water using high-temperature electrolysis, enhancing efficiency to 45-50%. This technology has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel consumption.
Scientists found that animals with extra copies of the AMP-1 enzyme lived 13% longer than controls, while environmental stressors activating AMP-1 also led to longer lives. The study's findings have broad implications for understanding human aging and potentially extending lifespan through exercise and therapeutics.
Researchers found that sperm motility and ATP production depend on a metabolic pathway called glycolysis, which uses sugar to produce energy. Without the enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase-S (GAPDS), sperm movement is severely impaired, making it a potential target for non-hormonal male contraceptives.
Researchers found increased levels of uncoupling proteins (UCP2 and UCP3) in the hearts of patients with coronary artery bypass graft surgery. This suggests a possible mechanism linking heart failure to energetic abnormalities. The study's findings may lead to new treatment approaches to correct these energy defects.
A recent study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation reveals that a diabetes drug called rosiglitazone enhances fat cell energy production by remodelling mitochondria. This finding suggests a potential new approach to treating obesity, which is a major risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes.
Scientists have discovered a compound that blocks both ways cancer cells make energy, leading to the complete halt of tumor growth. The chemical, 3-bromopyruvate, targets cancer cells' high appetite for sugar and appears to have little effect on normal tissues.
NIST has awarded up to $80.1 million in funding for 32 new advanced technology program (ATP) projects, spanning various key technology areas including energy, medical diagnostics, electronics, and computer interfaces. The projects aim to improve productivity, facilitate trade, and enhance quality of life.
Researchers at MIT and partners successfully integrated a photosynthetic protein complex with a solid-state electronic device, paving the way for efficient energy generation. The innovation uses spinach chloroplasts to create a dry environment that stabilizes protein complexes, enabling the development of practical organic solar cells.
The 'shoelacing' technique allows for quick activation of emergency phone service by connecting surviving phone system links and Internet links. By the end of the ATP project in Spring 2005, TeleContinuity plans to develop an enhanced version with advanced Web-based controls.
Researchers genetically engineered mice to enhance endurance by altering muscle fiber types. These changes improved running performance, but also led to muscle damage when pushed too far. Additionally, a new technique using PPARα protein transformed slow-twitch fibers into fast-twitch fibers, increasing exercise time and distance.
Researchers found that AMPK plays a vital role in protecting cells under conditions of a heart attack, including glucose uptake and preventing cardiac dysfunction. In contrast, mice without functional AMPK exhibited impaired contractile function and increased cell death after blood flow reduction.
A recent study published in JCI Journals reveals that AMP-activated protein kinase plays a crucial role in protecting the heart against ischemic stress. The kinase mediates increased glucose uptake in the heart during ischemia, which helps prevent post-ischemic cardiac dysfunction, apoptosis, and injury.
Researchers discovered that excess ATP damages motor neurons, leading to paralysis. Blocking ATP's effects restored function in rats with damaged spinal cords, opening up promising new avenues for treatment.
The Rochester Institute of Technology is developing a new effort to provide logistics, guidance, and information sharing on direct methanol fuel cells for the portable electronics market. CIMS will analyze environmental impacts, life-cycle economics, and develop end-of-life strategies to reduce costs and improve sustainability.
Researchers found that condensin proteins cause DNA to extend in stepwise 'clicks' like Velcro unzipping, with the process reproducing identically every time. The energy-containing molecule ATP plays a regulatory role, allowing the bound protein to recondense DNA when tension is lowered
Research finds that mitochondrial function decline is a critical mechanism driving aging, leading to premature aging in mice. The study highlights the potential for protecting mitochondrial DNA from damage to slow down aging and treat related pathological changes.
Researchers identify torsinA, a protein defective in DYT1 dystonia, and discover its role in the nuclear envelope. The study provides new insights into potential treatments for movement disorders and secondary dystonias.
Researchers from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine have discovered that RNA helicases can displace proteins from single-stranded RNA and change shape without unwinding duplexes. This finding redefines the mechanism of action of RNA helicases, providing new insights into their roles in various biological processes.
A study of 42 people found that those taking CoQ10 had significantly fewer migraine attacks than those taking a placebo, with 48% experiencing half as many attacks. The only side effect reported was an allergic skin rash in one patient.
Luna Innovations plans to manufacture Trimetaspheres, soccerball-shaped molecules with enhanced MRI imaging capabilities. The company's ATP project enabled cost-effective production of nanomaterials with potential uses in consumer and military products.
Scientists found that Condensin compacts DNA against a weak stretching force, but increasing the force reverses compaction. The researchers observed jumps in distance between DNA ends during compaction and decompaction.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is holding a single competition for Research and Development (R&D) projects, with approximately $30 million in funding available. Public meetings will be held across the country to provide information on the competition, project selection criteria, and eligibility requirements.
A study by University of Iowa researchers reveals that the cystic fibrosis protein CFTR can function as an adenylate kinase enzyme, controlling channel opening without consuming energy. This discovery has broad implications for understanding ABC transporters and their role in genetic diseases.
Researchers reconstructed the timeline of eukaryotic evolution, showing that increased oxygen led to more varied cell types. Organisms with up to 50 different cell types evolved following the emergence of mitochondria and plastids around 2,300 million years ago.
Researchers found that mitochondrial DNA mutations enabled early humans to adapt to colder climates, reducing the risk of diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The study suggests a link between genetic history and current disease predispositions.
A recent study has discovered how calorie restriction activates a specific gene called SIR2, leading to increased longevity in yeast and potentially other organisms. The researchers found that a decrease in the levels of NADH allows NAD to better activate Sir2, resulting in extended life span.