Articles tagged with Cellular Transport
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Biologists in Konstanz have identified a crucial step in the labelling and transportation process of proteins in plant cells. The SH3P2 protein plays a key role in binding to ubiquitin molecules, marking them for transport to the vacuole.
Scientists at the University of Illinois have discovered a small molecule called hinokitiol that can transport iron in human cells and animals when proteins are missing. This breakthrough could potentially treat diseases such as anemia, cystic fibrosis, and certain types of heart disease.
Researchers discovered Hinokitiol's ability to transport iron across cell membranes, correcting anemia caused by genetic deficiencies. The compound also promotes iron gut absorption and hemoglobin creation, suggesting its potential for treating human diseases.
Researchers have developed a mathematical modeling technique that can quantify details about molecular dynamics in cells. The technique was applied to study RNA localization in egg cells and provided new insights into the process.
A new theoretical model suggests that proteins diffuse most of the way and 'hop on the bus' to reach their destinations faster. The study found that steric hindrance between motor proteins reduces active transport rates, leading to traffic congestion and slower progress.
Researchers used quantum dots to study transport within cells, observing both fast and slow movements. They found that faster particles move through openings in a dynamic network of protein tubules, while slower ones are caught in the same network.
Researchers have characterized the structure of a macromolecular complex involved in mRNA transport, showing how RNAs are recognized and bound by binding proteins in the nucleus. The complex allows for the specific recognition and transport of mRNAs from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Researchers at UMass Amherst developed polymer-stabilized droplet carriers that can recognize and encapsulate nanoparticles for transport in a cell. These 'nanoparticle taxicabs' pick up particles on one surface and drop them off on another, representing the first successful translation of biological processes in materials science.
Researchers have made a significant breakthrough in understanding how neurotransmitters are transported across nerve cell membranes, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms behind depression and addiction. The study reveals that certain drugs can hijack this process, leading to excessive neurotransmitter release.
Researchers have identified a new mechanism for fast ion transport in solid electrolytes, enabling safe and high-power batteries. The discovery provides a new strategy for designing highly conductive solid electrolytes.
Researchers at Arizona State University found that a particular type of cyanobacteria can bore into and live within solid carbonates, hastening coral reef erosion. The microbe orchestrate cell-to-cell calcium transport, developing specialized cells to store and regulate calcium levels.
Researchers tracked cellulose production in real-time to understand how thick and strong secondary cell walls are built, shedding light on the essential adaptation of plants from sea to land. The discovery may also aid in engineering plants with improved mechanical properties.
Researchers from the UPV/EHU's Biophysics Unit have published a study in Nature that reveals the molecular architecture of cell fission processes. The study found evidence of an intermediate structure during membrane splitting, which may be a common feature in all fusion and fission processes.
Researchers at EMBL Heidelberg have produced detailed images of the COPI coat surrounding vesicles that transport molecules within cells. The intricate protein structure is composed of repeating building blocks called triads, which organize functional elements in a precise 3D structure.
A team of researchers has discovered a link between acute liver failure and mutations in the NBAS gene, which affects cellular transport processes. The study found that these mutations can disrupt protein packing and transport within cells, leading to metabolic imbalances in the liver.
Defective cilia can lead to diseases such as blindness, infertility, and obesity. UGA researchers have made a breakthrough by imaging and measuring tubulin transport in cilia, revealing the mechanism behind their assembly.
Researchers found that deacetylase inhibitors can fully restore movement problems caused by the LRRK2 Parkinson's mutation in fruit flies. This study provides compelling evidence for a direct link between defective transport and movement problems, suggesting a potential therapy for people with this specific mutation.
The rabies virus manipulates axonal transport to reach the brain quickly, with a speed of 8 cm/day, 40% faster than its regular partner NGF.
Researchers have created nanoparticles that can deliver and exchange complementary molecules inside cells. The nanocarriers, 15 nanometers in diameter, navigate through the membrane and sequenceally deliver their cargo, enabling exclusive interaction between internalized molecules.
Researchers at the University of Zurich have created a global map of regulatory control systems in cellular transport routes. The study reveals that sets of transport routes are co-regulated by specific programs of regulatory control, with genes involved in these processes often deregulated in disease.
The sodium pump's hybrid function enables simultaneous import of protons, raising questions about its role in pathologies. This discovery may have important implications for conditions like muscle exercise, heart attacks, and strokes.
Researchers have calculated the force of molecular motors acting on organelles in biological cells, finding discrepancies with physical laws due to complex biological processes. The study used non-equilibrium statistical mechanics to analyze the motion of motor proteins in living cells, providing new insights into the transport mechanism.
Scientists at Aarhus University and Duke University have developed a DNA nanorobot that can encapsulate and release active biomolecules, including enzymes. The nanorobot uses temperature changes to open and close its structure, allowing for targeted drug delivery to diseased cells.
Dr. Südhof's pioneering work on synaptic transmission has led to a better understanding of brain function under normal and pathologic conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease. He was recognized for his discoveries of key information about cellular transport systems, alongside Dr. James E. Rothman and Randy W. Schekman.
Researchers found that SLC30A8 zinc transporter is crucial for insulin clearance by the liver and signals to stop releasing insulin. The study also discusses the dynamic regulatory role of zinc in insulin regulation.
The study predicts diffusion coefficients for all proteins in E. coli, enabling a better understanding of chemical reactions in cells. The method developed by the researchers can be applied to other cells and molecules, revolutionizing the field of biologistics.
Research reveals that symplasmic transport plays a crucial role in transporting nutrients and signaling molecules long distances within tree tissues. The study found that fluorescent dyes could be visualized in living cells and cytoplasmic bridges, confirming intercellular movement.
Researchers at UMass Amherst use a custom microscope to study cellular active transport, discovering that high traffic slows cargo movement but doesn't hinder the process. By using quantum dots as biological probes, they found that multiple motors attached to a single cargo can overcome stalled motors and maintain efficient transport.
Researchers developed a new method to study cellular transport dynamics, providing more comprehensive information than existing methods. The dispersion-relation fluorescence spectroscopy (DFS) approach labels molecules of interest, analyzing spontaneous fluorescence intensity fluctuations to quantify mass transport dynamics.
Sortilin plays a crucial role in transporting immune system substances, including interferon-gamma and granzyme A. In its absence, the immune system is weakened, but autoimmune diseases are reduced.
Researchers at EMBL found that 15% of human genes influence the secretory pathway, a complex network for transporting molecules to the cell membrane. This discovery suggests cells have evolved a strategy to adapt to environmental changes.
Researchers at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory have discovered a 'transformer' protein that allows cells to create vesicles of different shapes and sizes by changing the shape of individual building blocks. This breakthrough provides new insights into the structure and function of COPI protein-coated vesicles.
A study by SUNY Downstate scientist Ilham Muslimov suggests that molecular competition in neuronal RNA transport may contribute to neurodegenerative disorders. The researchers identified RNA motifs that act as spatial codes in nerve cells, directing RNAs to dendrites and synapses.
A team of researchers has discovered that the length of cellular railways is controlled by a passenger protein called Smy1, which pauses during the journey to communicate with machinery building the railways. This mechanism prevents overgrowth of longer cables and allows rapid growth of shorter ones.
Researchers discovered that the OGF-OGFr axis controls entry from cytoplasm to nucleus, critical for cell proliferation. Nucleocytoplasmic transport involves karyopherin β and Ran, and is dependent on nuclear localization signals.
Researchers at Babraham Institute identify Nmnat2 as a key axon survival factor that delays degeneration when injured. Boosting Nmnat2 levels may delay degeneration in neurodegenerative diseases like Motor Neurone Disease and Multiple Sclerosis.
A study of E. coli transport behavior reveals significant variability among strains from different host species and sources, affecting cell properties like surface charge and hydrophobicity. Cell width is the only property correlated with transport behavior in this research.
A new study reveals that molecular motors in cells operate in a highly coordinated manner to move internal cargo and transport organelles. The findings provide insight into the mechanisms that instruct motor movement, potentially leading to therapies for neurodegenerative disorders such as ALS and Usher syndrome.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology found that tiny pores on the cell surface allow granzymes to enter cells, providing a new target for therapeutic methods. The discovery could lead to improved treatments for chronic virus infections and cancer.
In a tug-of-war-like mechanism, opposing motor teams determine the direction of cargo transport in cells. The winning team transports cargo quickly, while losing motors are removed from the microtubule.
A defective protein transport pathway in zebrafish has been linked to severe skeletal deformities and craniofacial defects. The discovery provides a new animal model for studying the rare human syndrome CLSD, which shares strikingly similar defects.
Researchers modelled and simulated motor traffic to determine optimal conditions for nanocargo transport in biomimetic systems. The study found that increasing the number of motors while avoiding traffic jams is crucial for efficient cargo transport.
Scientists observed a breakdown in neuronal transport, leading to abnormal protein buildup and neuron failure. The study suggests that impaired axonal transport may be an early indicator of Alzheimer's disease.
A new transport molecule called NaBC1 has been discovered, allowing boron to enter human cells. The protein is specific for borate and plays a crucial role in controlling cell growth and bone mineralization.
Researchers have determined the three-dimensional structure of the yeast proton ATPase, revealing a dynamic mechanism of ion pumping. The study provides important clues about regulating the pump's activity, and its inhibition could lead to the development of new fungicides.
Research suggests that Alzheimer's disease may be caused by defects in a protein's role as an attachment point for a molecular motor that transports packets of protein within nerve cells. The study found that the missing protein, APP, and other proteins stay mainly in the cell body when it is absent, stalling normal cargo transport.