Articles tagged with Daughter Cells
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A global research team of 22 scientists has created a comprehensive glossary of terms to describe cellular processes in plants, aiming to clarify confusion among experts. The lexicon covers key structures and processes involved in cytokinesis, a crucial phase of cell division that could accelerate breeding for sustainable materials.
Two studies of green algae reveal details about their ability to concentrate carbon dioxide from the air. Researchers found that the pyrenoid, a key organelle in photosynthesis, behaves like a liquid droplet that can dissolve and condense during cell division.
Scientists from TU Delft and colleagues show that condensin, a protein involved in packing DNA into chromosomes, has motor function. This discovery supports the 'loop-extrusion' model of chromosome packing, suggesting that condensin pulls DNA inwards to create loops.
Researchers from Osaka University have found that the interaction between M18BP1/KNL2 and CENP-A proteins is crucial for cell division in various species except mammals, including humans. This essential protein interaction allows new CENP-A deposition into centromeres to maintain genome information equally during mitosis.
A team of researchers at Queen Mary University of London has identified two proteins that enable the correct attachment between chromosomes and microtubules, which are crucial for maintaining a normal number of chromosomes in human cells. This discovery could help in treating diseases such as cancer and fertility problems.
A new study found that HIV-1 infected cells can persist in the body for decades by exploiting normal cell proliferation. The research identified a single infected CD4 T cell that can amplify the number of virally infected cells through clonal proliferation, leading to a million-fold increase.
MIT biologists identified a mechanism for eliminating genetically imbalanced cells using natural killer cells. Aneuploidy, or uneven chromosome distribution, harms most cells but can help cancer cells grow uncontrollably.
Scientists at the University of Geneva found that a protein called Sara plays a crucial role in guiding endosomes to differentiate between cells, a process essential for fly hair development. Mutant flies without Sara have naked backs, highlighting the significance of this mechanism in cancer tumour formation.
A team of scientists has discovered a remarkable mechanism that enables cells to repair severely damaged chromosomes, preventing cell death and cancer. The 'Hail Mary' mechanism involves the creation of a DNA tether to keep the broken fragment connected to the chromosome.
A CU Boulder study shows that some dividing human cells transmit low-level DNA damage to their daughters, causing them to enter a quiescent state previously thought to be random. The process is linked to the fate of daughter cells in subsequent cell cycles and has implications for cancer development and aging.
Researchers discovered that plastin, an actin-bundling protein, plays a crucial role in facilitating polarisation and cytokinesis in embryonic cells. The study revealed that plastin functions as a molecular rivet, enabling the cell cortex to withstand forces generated during filament contraction.
The ASPM protein collaborates with katanin to regulate cell division and specialization into nerve cells, crucial for healthy brain development. A study published in Nature Cell Biology provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying microcephaly.
A study published in Science reveals how bacteria can exhibit different behaviors despite having the same genes. Researchers found that protein complexes play a crucial role in this phenomenon, and biased partitioning of these complexes can lead to the emergence of extreme phenotypes.
A new marine bacterium, Fuerstia marisgermanicae, has been named in honour of UQ microbiologist Emeritus Professor John Fuerst. The discovery reflects the global scientific community's high regard for Professor Fuerst's contributions to planctomycete research.
Two studies reveal that cancer cells can tolerate genetic mutations by inactivating the BCL9L gene and slowing down division to avoid mistakes, allowing them to thrive and evolve. This understanding may lead to new ways to target cancer cells and improve treatment efficacy.
Mammals have evolved a specialized germline in their sex cells to pass on high-quality mitochondria, driven by the need to counteract rapid genetic mutations. This process restricts genetic variation in offspring, but allows for the transfer of better-functioning mitochondria.
A recent study published in Nature Communications has shed light on the structures that contain our genetic material. Researchers at the University of Edinburgh created an artificial chromosome to investigate cell division and found a complex series of steps that form a protective barrier inside chromosomes.
Researchers tracked a single bacterial cell as it grew into a mature biofilm of 10,000 cells. They found that the bacteria secrete a glue-like substance to keep from getting washed away and protect themselves from competing bacteria. A key gene, RbmA, plays a crucial role in developing a denser, stronger biofilm.
Researchers have discovered that prion proteins, previously known for causing fatal diseases, may also transmit beneficial traits from cell to cell. These intrinsically disordered proteins can adapt yeast cells to stressful environments and are conserved over millions of years in human cognates.
The new microscope tracks individual molecules' position and orientation in living cells, shedding light on cellular functions and forces. It detects nanoscale alignment of molecules required for cell movement and division.
Studies in mice reveal that uneven mTORC1 activity reprograms daughter T cells, producing active killer cells and memory T cells. This asymmetric partitioning may have implications for understanding stem cell differentiation and development across biological systems.
Researchers discovered that Pten's phosphatase activity counteracts PI3 kinase activity, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation and survival. Mutant mice lacking critical amino acids form tumors at high frequency, making them susceptible to targeted cancer therapy.
A new study introduces a 'genetic barcode' technique that tracks cell lineage using CRISPR gene editing. This method reveals the relationships between cells and accelerates our understanding of cellular processes.
Researchers have identified a new connection between inflammatory signals and cell division, revealing how cells adapt to environmental changes. The discovery sheds light on the underlying mechanisms of diseases such as Crohn's disease and cancer.
Researchers have identified a signaling pathway that prevents DNA damage during cell division, ensuring identical copies are passed on to daughter cells. Chromatin bridges can form if DNA replication is problematic, but these bridges do not always trigger an alarm signal.
Physicists have found a novel pattern-forming mechanism in biological systems, with the discovery of a crucial protein that forms ring-shaped filaments to constrict bacterial cells. At high concentrations, FtsZ polymers self-organize into ring-like structures, leading to the formation of Z-rings and daughter cells.
Biologists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz discovered that the Hippo signaling pathway controls quiescence in Drosophila neural stem cells, regulating growth and cell division. The pathway's activation is necessary to maintain resting phases and prevent premature cell formation.
Scientists have discovered a key mechanism controlling the production of daughter cells in the immune system, which could lead to more effective vaccines and cancer treatments. Asymmetric cell division generates two types of cells with distinct properties, influenced by the distribution of c-Myc signaling protein.
Researchers at the University at Buffalo discovered how yeast cells decide their direction of growth, revealing the concept of polarity and its role in propelling single-celled organisms forward. The study found that Bud proteins play a crucial role in determining cell orientation, adapting to changes in nutrient availability.
Andrea Ballabio and John Diffley receive the 2016 Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine for their pioneering work on lysosomal function and its significance in diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and obesity. Their research could lead to new therapeutic tools for treating human diseases.
A study by IRCM researchers has discovered a mechanism that controls the production of neurons from stem cells. This discovery could lead to more effective cell therapies and targeted treatments against cancer, particularly in diseases causing blindness where specific retinal cells degenerate.
Scientists have developed a new light sheet microscope that can record the first two to three days of a mouse embryo's life. By tracking each cell's daughters, grand-daughters, great-granddaughters, and so on, they identified a crucial turning point in the embryo's development.
Asymmetric cell division occurs when endosomes, containing signalling molecules, are distributed unevenly between daughter cells. The central spindle, a scaffold structure composed of microtubules, plays a crucial role in dispatching this information.
A new study offers insights into how ovarian cancer grows, revealing a patterned hierarchy of cancer stem cells. The research identifies a key protein, BMP2, that regulates the growth of these stem-like cells. Targeting this protein could lead to more effective therapies for ovarian cancer.
Cell membranes deform when viruses detach and during cell division, thanks to the ESCRT-III protein complex forming a molecular spring. Researchers used high-speed atomic force microscopy to observe the complex's movements in real-time, validating their theoretical models.
Researchers at the Buck Institute have identified 238 genes that, when removed, increase the replicative lifespan of yeast cells. The study also reveals a link between these genes and caloric restriction, DNA damage control, and age-extending pathways in higher organisms.
Scientists at the University of Zurich discovered a novel mechanism that helps neural stem cells resist aging-induced damage. A diffusion barrier in the endoplasmic reticulum regulates the sorting of damaged proteins, allowing for rejuvenation and longer lifespan.
Researchers uncover the crucial function of a protein called BuGZ in assembling the spindle matrix and microtubules during mitosis. The discovery could lead to new insights into cancer and other diseases caused by errors in cell division.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania discovered that a ring of protein actin forms between daughter cells to block cytokinesis, controlling when and how this process coordinates all cell players in sperm maturation. The study sheds light on the coordination of stem cell types in niche environments.
A team of Canadian and British researchers has made a breakthrough discovery about the cell division mechanism, finding that chromosomes emit signals to influence microtubule action. This signaling pathway is crucial for the segregation of chromosomes during cytokinesis, a critical step in cell division.
Researchers at UCSF have identified a family of daughter cells, called MPPs, which arise from stem cells in bone marrow to generate the entire blood system. The discovery raises the possibility of manipulating these cells to overcome imbalances and deficiencies in the blood system due to aging or cancer.
A new study from Australian and Singaporean scientists has discovered that each subtype of dendritic cell has its own unique parent cell. This discovery could lead to more efficient treatments for autoimmune diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis by targeting the progenitor cells that produce these immune cells.
Researchers at Duke University found that the initial size of cells determines how much they grow before dividing into two, contrary to previous findings. This discovery was made possible by analyzing oscillations in cell growth and gene expression using a unique device that allows for single-cell analysis.
Scientists demonstrate how chromothripsis, a massive DNA rearrangement, occurs in single cancer cells. Chromothripsis is caused by a glitch in cell division that leads to the formation of micronuclei.
Researchers at OIST Graduate University mapped the points along the genome where a scaffolding protein called condensin binds. Condensin is essential for reassembling copied genomic fragments into chromosomes and maintaining genetic integrity.
Dying daughter cells release protein Pvf1, binding to nearby mother stem cells' receptors, preventing apoptosis. This allows stem cells to survive until they can regenerate damaged tissue. The discovery may lead to new cancer treatments by targeting protective signals in tumor-initiating cells.
Researchers at the University of Iowa identified a mechanism in which a protein 'hitchhiker' attaches to the centrosome to regulate gene expression during cell division. This process could have implications for understanding human development and disease, including cancer treatment.
Researchers found that stem cells discard old mitochondria in daughter cells that differentiate, while new stem cells receive young ones. This mechanism may help reduce cellular damage and aging.
Scientists discovered that stem cells distinguish between old and young mitochondria, allocating them disproportionately to daughter cells. This mechanism prevents damage accumulation in the lineage over time.
Researchers have found a minimal mechanism for stabilizing overlapping microtubules, allowing cells to divide correctly. The study reveals that weakly binding proteins create an 'ever growing counter-pressure' between microtubules as they slide apart.
Researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center discovered that the specialized DNA-binding protein CTCF is essential for precise gene expression in developing embryos. The findings shed light on how Hox genes maintain cellular positioning and position-specific gene regulation.
A study has identified a new signaling pathway that generates slowly proliferating, chemo-resistant cancer cells. This pathway may offer new avenues for reducing tumor heterogeneity and improving treatment outcomes.
Scientists at the University of Southampton have created a new technique called multicolour RGB tracking to mark individual brain cells. This approach allows researchers to color-code and distinguish between cells that were previously indistinguishable.
A new study challenges the prevailing view of how bowel cancer develops in the large intestine. Cancer Research UK scientists discovered that faulty genes can cause normal cells to behave like immortal stem cells, leading to tumour formation.
Researchers found that 90% of misfolded protein aggregates form on the ER surface, dependent on active protein synthesis and ribosome activity. The aggregation is regulated by mitochondria, which play a key role in confining the aggregates to the mother cell during asymmetric cell division.
Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine discovered a pool of stem cells in the esophagus, which could lead to new treatments for esophageal cancer and Barrett's esophagus. The study found that these stem cells divide slowly compared to other cells in the esophagus, suggesting they may play a role in tissue rene...
Scientists have discovered bacteria that can divide in lengths ranging from 3 to 45 micrometers, defying conventional cell division rules. This discovery has significant implications for understanding microbial biology and the potential impact of these microorganisms on human health.
Researchers at Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia have developed new methodologies to quantify protein molecules in living human cells. They measured approximately 400 CENP-A proteins present on centromeres, essential structures that drive chromosome segregation during cell division.
Researchers have discovered that cell division time is programmed by the 'parent' cell and varies between parent and offspring cells. The study's findings challenge a 40-year-old theory on cell division and provide a new model to predict how populations of cells divide.
Researchers at Princeton University discovered that bacteria curve shape is crucial for flourishing as a group. Curvature helps swarmer cells attach to surfaces, ensuring next generation stays close to nutrients and progenitors. The study highlights the importance of naturalistic settings for studying bacteria.