Cool adaptations to the cold
Researchers found that icefish have evolved transparent blood, increased energy production, and specialized proteins to protect against cold damage. These adaptations enable them to thrive in Antarctica's frigid waters.
Erythrocytes
Articles tagged with Erythrocytes
Life Sciences
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
447,757
articles
2542
topics
Health and Medicine
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
431,843
articles
751
topics
Social Sciences
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
260,756
articles
745
topics
Physical Sciences
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
257,913
articles
1552
topics
Applied Sciences and Engineering
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
225,386
articles
998
topics
Scientific Community
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
193,043
articles
157
topics
Space Sciences
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
29,662
articles
175
topics
Research Methods
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
21,889
articles
139
topics
Mathematics
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
3,023
articles
113
topics
Russian scientists show changes in the erythrocyte nanostructure under stress
Researchers from Lobachevsky University have discovered that erythrocytes undergo changes in their nanostructure when subjected to stress, which can lead to programmed cell death. This finding has significant implications for the development of optimal treatment regimens for patients with atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
Parasites from patients with cerebral malaria stick preferentially in their brains
Researchers found that infected red blood cells from cerebral malaria patients bind more strongly to brain-derived cells than those from uncomplicated malaria patients. This suggests that specific PfEMP1 proteins on the infected red blood cells allow for efficient binding to brain vessels, a key feature of cerebral malaria.
Sutimlimab shows promise for hard-to-treat, rare blood disorder
A first-in-human clinical trial found sutimlimab to be effective in treating severe hemolytic anemia in cold agglutinin disease. The investigational drug rapidly halted red blood cell destruction, increased hemoglobin levels, and eliminated the need for blood transfusions.
Transfusions with older blood linked to adverse events, death, new study finds
A new study found that transfusions of packed red blood cells stored for 22 days or more are associated with a 5% increase in mortality risk in trauma patients. The study suggests that patients who require massive transfusions may benefit from receiving fresh stored packed red blood cells, or those stored for 14 days or less.
New finding could unmask blood doping in athletes
A Duke University research team has found a way to detect autologous blood transfusions, a method used by athletes to boost oxygen-carrying capacity. By analyzing RNA changes, researchers can identify stored red blood cells and detect self-transfusions.
Increased cyto-adhesion of malaria parasites during fever uncovered
Research reveals that malaria parasites exhibit elevated cyto-adhesion during fever, which contributes to microvasculature obstruction and splenic clearance issues. The study found a significant increase in phosphatidylserine expression on infected red blood cells at febrile temperatures.
Immune cell variations contribute to malaria severity
Researchers found that natural killer cells fail to respond to malaria infection in some patients, leading to more severe disease outcomes. By identifying key genes involved, they discovered a potential therapeutic target using poly I:C treatment.
How malaria infection activates natural killer cells
A study published in PLOS Pathogens reveals how malaria infection triggers the immune system's first line of defense by activating natural killer cells through the MDA5 receptor. Treatment with a small molecule that activates MDA5 restores the ability of non-responder natural killer cells to clear infected red blood cells.
To be or not to be a white blood cell, that is the question
Researchers discovered a mechanism that determines whether immature blood cells differentiate into red or subtypes of white blood cells. The study found that repression of Bach factors contributes to the development of anemia of infection/inflammation, highlighting potential therapeutic targets for treating bone marrow and blood disord...
Red-blood-cell 'hitchhikers' offer new way to transport drugs to specific targets
A new drug-delivery technology called RBC-hitchhiking has been found to dramatically increase the concentration of drugs in specific organs, potentially decreasing side effects and improving efficacy. The technology uses red blood cells to transport nano-scale drug carriers, achieving a 40-fold increase in drug uptake in the lungs.
New possibilities for using ozonized erythrocyte mass explored by UNN scientists
Researchers at Lobachevsky University explore the use of ozonized erythrocyte mass to correct acute blood loss. The study reveals that ozone treatment improves the rheological properties of blood and microcirculation, reducing tissue hypoxia and promoting rapid recovery.
Enzyme identified as possible novel drug target for sickle cell disease, Thalassemia
Scientists have discovered a protein called HRI that regulates hemoglobin production in red blood cells, potentially leading to a breakthrough treatment for sickle cell disease. Blocking the activity of this enzyme reduces characteristic sickling and improves red blood cell function.
First malaria-human contact mapped with Nobel Prize-winning technology
Researchers have mapped the first contact between Plasmodium vivax malaria parasites and human red blood cells using cryo-EM technology. The discovery provides critical information for developing potential new antimalarial drugs and vaccines.
Does having a blood transfusion before, during or after surgery increase the risk for a blood clot?
A recent study found that receiving a red blood cell transfusion before, during, or after surgery significantly increases the risk of developing postoperative blood clots. The research analyzed data from over 750,000 surgical patients and revealed that these transfusions were associated with an elevated risk of venous thromboembolism.
Novel gene in red blood cells may help adult newts regenerate limbs
Researchers at the University of Tsukuba and the University of Dayton discovered a novel gene, Newtic1, expressed in red blood cells that may contribute to adult newt limb regeneration. The study found that Newtic1-expressing erythrocytes play a crucial role in releasing growth factors into regenerating blood vessels.
The vessel not taken: Understanding disproportionate blood flow
Researchers developed a new computer model predicting blood flow through capillaries, finding that vessels can switch between even and uneven flow. This study has significant implications for understanding healthy and disease states, and may lead to better prediction of drug transport in microvascular networks.
Bristol researchers use gene editing to improve red blood cell transfusion compatibility
Researchers at the University of Bristol have developed a method to enhance red blood cell transfusion compatibility using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. By altering specific blood group genes, they can prevent immune reactions in patients with rare blood types or those requiring frequent transfusions.
Tailoring blood cells in the laboratory
Scientists have engineered red blood cell lines to express fewer antigens, making them less immunogenic for patients with rare blood types. This breakthrough could lead to the development of more universal blood sources for transfusion patients.
Enlarged spleen key to diving endurance of Indonesian 'sea nomads'
The Bajau people's larger spleens enable them to dive longer and deeper by injecting more oxygenated red blood cells into the circulation. Genetic analysis reveals a link between increased thyroid hormone levels and enhanced diving ability in this Southeast Asian group.
Healthy red blood cells owe their shape to muscle-like structures
Researchers found that a protein called myosin IIA contracts to give red blood cells their distinctive dimpled shape, shedding light on sickle cell diseases and other disorders. The discovery could lead to new treatments for conditions where red blood cells are deformed.
Anemia: When cells fail to produce enough protein factories
A recent study published in Cell reveals that disruptions in blood cell production can lead to anemia, specifically Diamond-Blackfan anemia. The research found that reduced ribosome levels and impaired translation processes contribute to the disorder's development.
Just one high-fat meal sets the perfect stage for heart disease
A single high-fat milkshake can quickly transform healthy red blood cells into small, spiky cells that wreak havoc inside blood vessels. This study found that such a meal can lead to impaired ability of blood vessels to relax and an immune response similar to one provoked by an infection.
NIH study may help explain why iron can worsen malaria infection
A NIH study found that extra iron interferes with ferroportin, a protein preventing toxic iron buildup and protecting red blood cells against malaria. The researchers also identified a mutant form of ferroportin, Q248H, which appears to protect against malaria in African populations.
A breakthrough in our understanding of how red blood cells develop
Researchers have discovered that reduced ribosome quantity impairs GATA1 production in blood stem cells, leading to Diamond-Blackfan anemia. This finding supports gene therapy as a potential treatment approach.
The complex journey of red bloods cells through microvascular networks
A team of researchers used a state-of-the-art simulation code to study the behavior of red blood cells flowing through physiologically realistic microvascular networks. They observed that red blood cells frequently jam for brief periods before proceeding downstream, causing temporary increases in vascular resistance. The findings have ...
Blood stored longer may be less safe for patients with massive blood loss and shock
A recent study found that transfusing older stored red blood cells can lead to adverse effects in critically ill patients. Free heme, a breakdown product from degraded red blood cells, is thought to be the key culprit behind this toxicity.
Inherited mutation leads to overproduction of EPO
Researchers discover first mutation in EPO gene causing increased production of EPO hormone, leading to abnormally high red blood cell mass. The mutation reprograms a second mRNA in the EPO gene, resulting in biologically active EPO production and increased symptoms.
Decrease seen in red blood cell, plasma transfusions in US
A study of US hospital inpatient discharges from 1993 to 2014 found a decrease in red blood cell and plasma transfusions between 2011 and 2014. This trend may be attributed to the implementation of restrictive transfusion practices aimed at improving patient outcomes and conserving blood.
NIH researchers find a potential treatment for disorders involving excess red blood cells
Researchers at NIH have cured mice with Chuvash polycythemia, a life-threatening disorder that involves overproduction of red blood cells. The study suggests that Tempol or a similar drug may treat polycythemias in humans, such as mountain sickness.
Scientists find new antimalarial drug targets
Researchers identified two key proteins crucial for malaria parasites' escape from red blood cells and infection of fresh cells. The discovery offers potential new treatment targets against the deadliest malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum.
Competing for blood: How ecologists are solving infectious disease mysteries
Researchers found that removing worms allows malaria to grow denser, while worm presence reduces malaria density. Ecological thinking revealed the key to understanding co-infections, offering insights into treating malaria and worm infections.
The amazing flexibility of red blood cells
Scientists use super-resolution microscopy to reveal the fine detail of red blood cells' cellular mesh underlying the cell membrane. They discover that the mesh is a triangular structure composed of proteins, allowing for flexibility and elasticity in squeezing through narrow capillaries.
Bevacizumab dramatically improves severe hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) associated bleeding
A study published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings reports significant improvements in HHT patients with severe bleeding treated with intravenous bevacizumab. The treatment reduced nose and gastrointestinal bleeds, allowing patients to stop or reduce blood transfusions, improving quality of life.
Anemia discovery offers new targets to treat fatigue in millions
Researchers at UVA School of Medicine have discovered a 'complicated symphony' controlling the production of oxygen-carrying red blood cells, shedding light on iron-restricted anemias and potential new treatments. The study identified key proteins and mechanisms involved in the development of anemia.
Mixing state of black carbon from biomass burning differs in different combustion phase
Researchers studied black carbon aerosols from biomass burning under different combustion conditions, finding varying mixing states. The study revealed intense coagulation during flaming combustion, resulting in a thicker coating on rBC particles.
Potassium is critical to circadian rhythms in human red blood cells
A new study has identified potassium as the critical component of circadian rhythms in red blood cells. Researchers found that varying potassium levels affected the cell's rhythmic activity, with higher levels impeding the rhythm and lower levels extending its duration.
Bioengineering and specialized therapies yield results for rare, challenging blood diseases
Researchers announce innovative tools and therapies for hard-to-treat blood disorders, including gene editing platform CRISPR/Cas9. Interim results from a Phase I/II clinical study show restoration of all immune cell types in infants with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency.
Balancing dual identities: Hormone stabilizes blood volume
Researchers discovered vasopressin's role in stimulating red blood cell production, with implications for treating anemia after traumatic injuries or chemotherapy. The hormone's effectiveness was demonstrated in mouse models and clinical data from patients with central diabetes insipidus.
Five new malaria targets that could lead to an effective vaccine
Scientists have discovered five new targets that can help create an effective malaria vaccine by reducing the parasite's ability to invade red blood cells. The study suggests combining these multiple factors could lead to a more effective vaccine.
New machine learning system can automatically identify shapes of red blood cells
A new deep learning approach has been developed to classify the shapes of red blood cells in a patient's blood, which could help monitor people with sickle cell disease. The system successfully classified red blood cell shape for both oxygenated and deoxygenated cells.
Risks associated with receipt of blood transfusion from previously pregnant donor
Receiving a blood transfusion from an ever-pregnant female donor is associated with increased mortality among male recipients, but not among female recipients. Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is also linked to transfusions from female donors, particularly those with pregnancy history.
Receipt of blood transfusion from previously pregnant donor associated with increased risk of death
A study published in JAMA found that receiving a red blood cell transfusion from an ever-pregnant female donor was associated with an increased risk of death among male recipients compared to male donors. In contrast, mortality rates were similar for female recipients of transfusions from pregnant or non-pregnant female donors.
Even modest oil exposure can harm coastal and marine birds
Even modest oil exposure can cause problems for individual birds and bird populations. The study found damage to circulating red blood cells and anemia in birds, affecting reproduction and survival.
New portable blood analyzer could improve anemia detection worldwide
Researchers developed a portable blood analyzer that can detect hemoglobin levels in whole blood samples using optical absorbance. The device is smaller than a toaster and can be used anywhere to monitor anemia prevalence and diagnose related conditions.
Red blood cells for transfusion like a good red -- a little older, a little better
A landmark trial found that older stored red blood cells are safe and associated with fewer side effects, including transfusion reactions. The study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, challenged common practice of allocating the oldest available compatible blood.
Gene variant could lead to missed type 2 diabetes diagnosis in African-Americans
A recent study found 60 gene variants that affect hemoglobin A1c levels, including one variant unique to African Americans. This variant can reduce the accuracy of A1c blood testing, increasing the risk of underdiagnosis in a population already disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes.
Astronauts don't develop anemia during spaceflight, NASA study suggests
A NASA study found that astronaut blood parameters, such as red blood cells and oxygen-carrying proteins, remained higher than pre-flight levels even after adapting to microgravity. The study collected whole blood samples from 31 astronauts over up to six months on the International Space Station.
Mystery solved: How thyroid hormone prods red blood cell production
Scientists have discovered the key trigger molecule that helps mature red blood cells. By removing a hydrophobic molecule from serum using charcoal filters, researchers found that adding back just thyroid hormone triggers red blood cell maturation.
Make way for hemoglobin
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have identified the mechanism behind red blood cell specialization, controlled by the enzyme UBE2O. The study reveals that UBE2O marks proteins for destruction, allowing precursor red blood cells to become specialized and well-nourished with oxygen.
New malaria analysis method reveals disease severity in minutes
Researchers at the University of British Columbia developed a novel method to assess malaria progression using RBC deformability, which can indicate hemin-induced oxidative stress. This simple microfluidic device can determine RBC rigidity in minutes, providing a valuable tool for disease diagnosis and treatment.
Spying on malaria parasites at -196 Celsius
Researchers used X-ray fluorescence microscopy and soft X-ray tomography to study malaria parasites in liquid nitrogen, gaining insights into their ravaging mode of operation. The findings suggest a potential mechanism controlling the speed of hemoglobin digestion and crystallization, which could be targeted with new medication.
Computer models provide new understanding of sickle cell disease
Researchers developed computer models that simulate the assembly of polymer fibers in sickle red blood cells, revealing new details about how different fiber structures produce abnormal cell shapes. The models can also be used to test new approaches to stopping the disease.
Naturally produced testosterone gives female athletes 'significant' competitive edge
Research reveals that naturally produced testosterone in some elite female athletes gives them a competitive advantage in athletics events that depend on stamina and visuospatial abilities. Women with high levels of free testosterone performed significantly better in certain events, such as the 400m sprint and hammer throw.
Anti-malaria drugs: Potential new target identified
A newly described protein, PfAP2-I, regulates a number of genes involved with the parasite's invasion of red blood cells, making it an effective target for new antimalarial drugs. Preventing PfAP2-I from binding to DNA and initiating the expression of invasion genes could stop an infection before it reaches the red blood cell stage.
Immunology: How ancestry shapes our immune cells
A recent study has shown that a gene variant in Duffy-negative individuals leads to a relative paucity of circulating neutrophils. This phenomenon may provide a selective advantage against infections such as malaria. Researchers believe that the specific properties of these neutrophils have a positive impact on innate immune responses.
Natural resistance to malaria linked to variation in human red blood cell receptors
A study identified a genetic rearrangement of red blood cell glycophorin receptors that confers a 40% reduced risk from severe malaria. The hybrid GYPB-A Dantu gene is found in some people from East Africa, but not in West African populations.
Researchers use modified insulin and red blood cells to regulate blood sugar
A new technique uses modified insulin and red blood cells to regulate blood sugar levels in mice with Type 1 diabetes. The system effectively reduces blood sugar levels for 48 hours and has shown promise in reducing the risk of hypoglycemia.
Malaria parasites soften our cells' defenses in order to invade
Researchers at Imperial College London found that malaria parasites change the properties of red blood cells to facilitate entry, making them more susceptible to infection. This discovery suggests that naturally flexible cells may be easier for parasites to invade, prompting further investigation into host-directed therapies.
Resilient red blood cells need fuel to adapt their shape to the environment
A new microfluidic platform helps researchers understand how red blood cells recover their shape after deformation, shedding light on diseases like sepsis and malaria. The system reveals that cells hold less fuel under stress, contrary to intuition.