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Life Sciences

Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.

447,757 articles | 2542 topics

Health and Medicine

Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.

431,843 articles | 751 topics

Social Sciences

Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.

260,756 articles | 745 topics

Physical Sciences

Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.

257,913 articles | 1552 topics

Applied Sciences and Engineering

Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.

225,386 articles | 998 topics

Scientific Community

Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.

193,043 articles | 157 topics

Space Sciences

Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.

29,662 articles | 175 topics

Research Methods

Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.

21,889 articles | 139 topics

Mathematics

Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.

3,023 articles | 113 topics

NIST, Maryland researchers COMMAND a better class of liposomes

Researchers at NIST and University of Maryland have developed a microfluidic method called COMMAND to produce uniform liposomes with controlled sizes. The technique uses a microscopic fluidic device to mix phospholipid molecules, resulting in nanoscale vesicles that can deliver drugs directly to cancer cells.

New cancer drug delivery system is effective and reversible

Researchers at University of Illinois create a new cancer drug delivery system using aptamers, achieving high cell killing efficiency while sparing healthy cells. The approach integrates small molecules and antibodies, offering a general toolbox for treating various cancers.

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Capsules encapsulated

Scientists have created a microcontainer that can hold thousands of individual 'carrier units' - a 'capsosome'. These are polymer capsules with embedded liposomes, combining the advantages of both systems. The capsosomes were produced by several steps and demonstrated successful transport of an enzyme model cargo.

Scientists can predict nano drug outcome

Researchers used contrast agents in liposomes to determine if they could breach breast tumors. Tumors with better images of the contrast agents showed better therapeutic results when treated with a cancer drug called liposomal doxorubicin.

Duke scientists deconstruct process of bacterial division

Researchers at Duke University have made a major advance in understanding how bacteria divide, paving the way for new antibiotic treatments. They created an artificial system that demonstrates the importance of FtsZ protein in bacterial cell division.

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Platinum cages

A team of researchers has successfully produced large, porous, hollow platinum spheres by using liposomes as blueprints. The spheres are made of continuous, branched platinum sheets and have potential applications in biomedical, catalytic, and optical fields.

Fatty spheres loaded with siRNA shrink ovarian cancer tumors in preclinical trial

Researchers at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center have developed a nanoparticle delivery system that targets ovarian cancer cells, reducing tumor size and incidence by up to 98%. The fatty spheres loaded with siRNA also attack the tumor's blood supply, inducing cell suicide and increasing cell death among cancer cells.

Fighting inflammation with targeted liposomal therapy

Researchers developed RGD peptide liposomes to deliver dexamethasone phosphate directly to VECs at sites of inflammation, reducing arthritis severity and disease progression. The study demonstrates the potential of targeted liposomal therapy for treating rheumatoid arthritis.

Tiny bundles seek and destroy breast cancer cells

Researchers at Penn State have developed a new ceramide-based therapy that targets and destroys breast cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. The treatment uses liposomes to deliver ceramide to the tumor, where it disrupts mitochondria and causes cell death.

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Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (M4 Pro) powers local ML workloads, large datasets, and multi-display analysis for field and lab teams.

Liposome finding implies electrical effect on cell development

Researchers at Arizona State University found that liposomes form microtubules under low electric fields, which may have significant implications for cellular biology and nanotechnology. The discovery could lead to new methods for fabricating bionanotubes.

Transport system smuggles medicines into brain

Researchers used transferrin protein to attach medicines to iron-containing proteins, allowing them to pass through the blood-brain barrier. This technique enables larger molecules to reach the brain, opening up new possibilities for treating brain diseases.

Method produces uniform, self-assembled nanocells

Researchers at NIST have developed a new method for producing uniform, self-assembled nanocells using micrometer-size channels. These nanocells can be controlled to specific sizes and are ideal for encapsulating medicine, leading to more accurate drug delivery.

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Ultrasound-guided liposomes boost imaging, target drug/gene therapy

Researchers developed ultrasound-guided liposomes to boost imaging and target drug/gene therapy. The technique directs liposomes to specific targets, such as atherosclerotic plaques or blood clots, and releases drugs with ultrasonic pulses, improving visualization and diagnosis of arterial conditions.

Tiny 'test tubes' may aid pharmaceutical R&D

Scientists at NIST have developed an improved method for using liposomes as tiny test tubes for ultrasmall volume chemistry. This approach may be useful for studying cellular-level processes and identifying new pharmaceuticals more efficiently.

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Heat-triggered liposomes carry drugs to eradicate tumors in mice

Researchers at Duke University developed heat-triggered liposomes that can deliver anti-cancer drugs to tumors, delaying growth and eradicating human tumors in mice. The new technology uses specially engineered liposomes that release their cargo rapidly when heated to temperatures just above normal body temperature.