Articles tagged with Monocytes
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Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine discovered that certain forms of heart disease may result when circulating anti-inflammatory white blood cells fail to properly differentiate into macrophages. Blocking a key protein, IL-17A, permits healthy cardiac function and allows macrophages to protect the heart muscle.
A study published in eLife found that doublet immune cells are more common than previously thought and play a crucial role in disease progression. The research reveals that these cell complexes can serve as biomarkers for immune perturbations, potentially allowing for early detection of diseases like dengue fever.
A novel marker for non-classical monocytes has identified their direct regulatory role in the adaptive immune response. Monocytes can infiltrate specific tissues, modulating immune cell activities.
A study published in PLOS Pathogens reveals that inflammatory monocytes facilitate the progression of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in mice, contrary to their expected role as immune cells. In the absence of these monocytes, murine survival is improved and fungal burden decreases.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have created a new disease model for neurodegenerative diseases like ALS and MS using the TGF-β protein. This model shows that monocytes can transform into microglia-like cells in response to TGF-β, which could lead to the development of new immunotherapies for these devastating diseases.
A study aims to understand how innate immunity in young children generates and maintains natural protection against clinical malaria. Researchers will examine epigenetic regulation of monocyte functions using DNA methylation and histone proteins.
A Tokyo Medical and Dental University-led study found that a protein signaling pathway enhances expression of genes encoding inflammatory mediators in macrophages, contributing to colonic inflammation. The research may lead to novel targets for IBD therapy.
Researchers have discovered that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) differentiates human hematopoietic progenitor cells into a long-lived, immunosuppressive monocyte subset for viral latency. This unique cell population is identified through specific surface proteins and can evade the T-cell immune response.
Researchers at CNIC identified a function of the protease MT4-MMP, which increases surveillance activity of blood-patrolling monocytes. This blockade could potentiate treatments for infection or prevent metastasis, but its effects on later stages need analysis.
Researchers identified TNF-alpha and VEGF as key cytokines in tumor vascularization. Targeting these molecules simultaneously could significantly increase the efficacy of existing cancer treatments.
New research found that e-cigarette flavoring chemicals can cause significant inflammation in monocytes, a type of white blood cell, and many compounds are toxic. Mixing flavors is more damaging than vaping just one, with cinnamon, vanilla, and buttery flavors being the worst offenders.
An international research team has discovered that monocyte-derived cells are a diverse mixture, differing from dendritic cells. This diversity affects the immune system's response to tumor cells, impacting cancer immunotherapy success rates.
Monocytes play a pivotal role in osteoarthritis pain and progression. A study found that activated monocytes increase inflammation and body mass index, leading to worsened knee osteoarthritis. Researchers aim to explore the impact of exercise on older adults with OA.
A new study published in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology has identified a novel therapeutic target to reduce brain inflammation in diseases like multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's. Mature monocytes have been found to express CXCR7 receptor on their surface, which may be used to block inflammation and HIV infection in the brain.
Researchers discovered etosis in human blood monocytes, a type of immune cell that can project DNA outside the cell. This process has implications for understanding inflammation and potentially developing new diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets.
Researchers found that a tick saliva molecule blocks inflammation and abnormal blood clotting in HIV-infected cells, reducing cardiovascular risks. The discovery could lead to new treatments targeting the TF pathway.
Cancer cells use exosomes and semiochemicals to suppress the immune response, allowing them to multiply unopposed. Researchers have identified multiple new therapy approaches, including inhibiting PD-L1 receptors and blocking the recognition of Y RNA messages.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation reveals a mechanism to reverse disease in arteries by targeting an immune reaction. Researchers at NYU Langone Health discovered that certain immune cells can switch from promoting inflammation to healing, which can lead to reduced plaque growth and improved cardiovascular health.
Post-operative ileus or bowel paralysis occurs when intestinal contents pass slowly or not at all. New research shows that monocytes help restore bowel function, contrary to initial assumptions.
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University identified equivalent monocyte progenitors in humans, expanding our understanding of immune cell development. The study found distinct subgroups of cells with different protein expressions, shedding light on potential therapeutic applications targeting these cells.
Researchers at Osaka University discovered a new subgroup of monocytes called SatM, which may contribute to fibrosis. These cells showed characteristics that suggested they were hybrids of different immune cells and can be regulated by C/EBPβ.
La Jolla Institute for Immunology researchers have developed a new method to inactivate specific genes in immune cells using enhancer targeting. This approach allows for the precise deletion of genes in one cell type while leaving others intact, opening up new possibilities for targeted therapies.
Researchers at Université de Genève discovered that a protein called CCN1 produced by platelets and blood vessels is essential for the recruitment of immune cells during viral infections. Without CCN1, the immune response is impaired, highlighting a new potential target for antiviral treatments.
Researchers at UVA Health System have discovered a critical role of M-CSF in battling pneumonia. Without this cytokine, infected mice experience severe outcomes, including increased bacterial loads and organ failure.
Researchers at VIB-UGent demonstrate that adult circulating monocytes can differentiate into macrophages with identical tissue-specific functions and self-maintenance capacities as those from embryonic origin. This discovery paves the way for monocyte-based cellular therapy in diseases associated with macrophage dysfunction, such as pu...
Researchers identified a previously unknown pathway that triggers inflammation in human monocytes in response to a single signal, contrasting with the need for two signals in mice. This discovery sheds light on the species difference and refutes classical tenets of inflammasome research.
A recent study published in PLOS Pathogens reveals that monocytes, immune cells central to inflammation, contribute to age-associated inflammation and impaired anti-pneumococcal function. Lowering TNF levels may be an effective strategy to improve host defense against pneumonia in older adults.
A short peptide, SKY peptide, has been developed by researchers at LMU to inhibit the activation of a signal pathway in monocytes, which enables their adhesion to endothelial cells and penetration into sites of acute inflammation. This can lead to chronic inflammatory reactions and tissue damage.
A recent study by the University of Chicago has found that loneliness triggers fight-or-flight stress signaling, leading to increased production of white blood cells and impaired antiviral responses. This shift in monocyte output contributes to loneliness' associated health risks, including premature death.
Researchers discovered that the behavior of monocytes, a type of white blood cell, can indicate how soon patients will recover after hip surgery. The study found that 50% of variation in recovery time could be predicted based on these cells' behavior, which could help doctors plan better post-surgery care.
Researchers discovered that macrophages and monocytes actively participate in multiple sclerosis progression, exacerbating disease severity through stress signals. The study highlights the significance of the crosstalk between the peripheral immune system and brain, opening new avenues for potential therapies.
A new strategy to determine monocyte subsets involved in diseases has been developed, which may improve the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. The analysis of an additional marker molecule called slan allows a more precise determination of monocyte subgroups.
Researchers found that patrolling monocytes play a key role in blocking lung metastasis by recognizing and scavenging tumor cells. This discovery could lead to new treatments for lung cancer by augmenting existing immunotherapy approaches.
Researchers found that human umbilical cord blood-derived monocytes improved hippocampal-dependent learning, memory, and motor function in AD modeled mice. The study suggests that these cells may exert therapeutic effects through phagocytosis of dead cells and cellular debris.
High levels of saturated fat in the blood can lead to monocytes migrating into tissues, exacerbating inflammation and tissue damage. This research suggests that maintaining high concentrations of saturated fats may worsen cardiovascular disease outcomes.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center tested two methods to preserve cognition in laboratory mice with Alzheimer's disease. Immune cells from bone marrow and a drug for multiple sclerosis were found to travel into the brain, resisting abnormalities associated with the condition. The study showed measurable benefits in mice.
Scientists have identified a key role for gut tissue in programming immune cells, known as monocytes, to either repair or protect the body. The discovery has implications for treating conditions such as inflammatory bowel diseases and certain cancers.
Researchers discovered a specific immune cell type that reduces inflammation and protects against liver damage. The Ly6C-negative monocyte subset dampens the immune response and induces anti-inflammatory genes in nearby cells.
Researchers found that vitamin D helps regulate glucose metabolism, reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes. In mice without adequate vitamin D, immune cells became fat transporters, leading to artery clogging and inflammation.
A Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics-led trial demonstrates the potential of mathematical modelisation and experimentation in treating breast cancer. By combining clinical and experimental oncology with modelisation, researchers identified mechanisms that enable tumour cells to shape monocyte activities for their advantage.
Researchers at UC Santa Barbara have developed a method to target inflamed tissues by utilizing monocytes, which can be attached to 'cellular backpacks' coated with antibodies. These particles can deliver therapeutic agents to the site of inflammation, potentially improving treatment outcomes and reducing side effects.
Researchers found a decrease in classical blood monocytes and an increase in CD14hiHLA-DRdim macrophages, which drive inflammation in the disease. This discovery may lead to new therapeutic targets for Crohn's disease treatment.
Researchers found JAM-A facilitates immune cell recruitment to arteries, promoting plaque formation. Reducing JAM-A levels can slow lesion growth, but deleting the molecule from monocytes causes damage and increases plaques.
Researchers found that immune cells called monocytes are recruited to the brain in response to stress and promote anxiety-like behavior. Monocytes travel to specific regions of the brain, generating inflammation that causes anxiety.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital found that macrophage proliferation within plaques drives the growth of atherosclerotic lesions. This challenges the previous assumption that monocytes are solely responsible for plaque development.
A new study from the University of Toronto and Massachusetts General Hospital found that macrophage growth inside arterial plaques is not reliant on external cells. This discovery may lead to alternative approaches to treating atherosclerosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular disease.
Patients with advanced kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis are at high risk of heart attacks due to uremic toxins. New research identifies oral adsorbent AST-120 as a potential treatment to delay kidney disease progression and prevent future heart attacks.
Researchers found that hyperglycemia promotes the production of inflammatory cells, which contribute to plaque build-up in blood vessels. Treating diabetic mice with a drug that lowers blood sugar levels reduced circulating monocyte and neutrophil numbers and allowed plaques to heal.
Researchers identify critical role of CCR1 and CCR5 receptors in monocyte recruitment to atherosclerotic lesions. The findings suggest that inhibiting these receptors may provide novel therapeutic strategies for treating atherosclerosis.
Researchers found that monocytes, a type of immune cell in the blood, can rapidly repopulate the brain after microglia are removed. This discovery highlights a strong homeostatic mechanism to maintain resident immune cells and raises possibilities for delivering therapeutic agents into the diseased brain.
A recent study found that an inflammatory monocyte population plays a key role in ALS progression, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target. Monocyte depletion reduced cellular recruitment to the spinal cord, decreased CNS cell death, and extended survival time in mice with ALS.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital have identified a blood biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. The discovery may lead to the development of new treatments for the debilitating neurological disease, which affects approximately 30,000 Americans.
Scientists have discovered a 'constant cloud' of potent inflammatory molecules surrounding the cells responsible for diseases like thickening of the arteries and rheumatoid arthritis. Monocytes, a type of white blood cell, were found to be surrounded by this constant cloud, which was propelled through the cell wall by lysosomes.
Babies with a robust innate immune response have fewer respiratory illnesses in their first year, while those with a diminished response experience more infections. Researchers measured interferon-gamma levels in umbilical cord blood samples to identify potential indicators of viral infection.
Researchers found that targeted x-ray treatment can prevent glaucoma in mice by inhibiting the entry of damaging cells into the optic nerve and retina. This discovery raises hope for a new treatment approach for humans, where lower doses of radiation could be used to block cell entry and prevent blindness.
Inflammatory breast cancer cells use the anti-inflammatory response of white blood cells to increase fibronectin expression, a molecule involved in wound healing and cell migration. Monocyte-conditioned media stimulate this process through the IL-8 signaling pathway, allowing cancer cells to branch and invade, leading to metastasis.
Monocytes are extremely sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS), while macrophages and dendritic cells derived from monocytes are resistant due to their defective DNA repair mechanisms. This sensitivity may play a role in regulating the immune response and preventing excessive ROS production.
A study published in the American Journal of Pathology suggests laquinimod targets immune cells to increase neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis patients. The treatment increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, contributing to neuron repair and limiting brain damage.
Researchers found that a gene called CCR2 and an immune system cell called Th17 cell play key roles in rheumatoid arthritis. A missing type of monocyte may also contribute to the disease's progression.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have developed a novel technique using RNA interference to block inflammation in animal models of several disorders. The technique targets specific inflammatory cells that contribute to conditions such as heart disease and cancer, reducing damage and improving survival rates.