Articles tagged with Monocytes
Monocytes are extremely sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS), while macrophages and dendritic cells derived from monocytes are resistant due to their defective DNA repair mechanisms. This sensitivity may play a role in regulating the immune response and preventing excessive ROS production.
A study published in the American Journal of Pathology suggests laquinimod targets immune cells to increase neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis patients. The treatment increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, contributing to neuron repair and limiting brain damage.
Researchers found that a gene called CCR2 and an immune system cell called Th17 cell play key roles in rheumatoid arthritis. A missing type of monocyte may also contribute to the disease's progression.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have developed a novel technique using RNA interference to block inflammation in animal models of several disorders. The technique targets specific inflammatory cells that contribute to conditions such as heart disease and cancer, reducing damage and improving survival rates.
New research shows that prolonged alcohol consumption can reduce the body's ability to produce anti-viral cytokines, leading to increased inflammation and impaired immune response. This study highlights the negative impact of alcohol on the immune system, particularly in relation to viral infections.
Research at Ohio State University found that polluted air can activate a protein triggering white blood cell release, leading to widespread inflammation. Chronic exposure to particulate matter increases the risk of cardiovascular problems and diseases like diabetes and obesity.
Scientists at Rockefeller University have discovered a new class of dendritic cells, called monocyte-derived dendritic cells, that can be derived from blood monocytes. These cells have been shown to have the same functional properties as classical dendritic cells and are promising for therapeutic uses in humans.
Researchers found that monocyte-derived cells can induce myocardial protection by reducing cardiac cell apoptosis and enhancing endothelial cell proliferation. The cells also secrete growth factors with anti-inflammatory properties, which help protect heart tissues from programmed cell death.
Researchers found that increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels correspond to lower bone density in postmenopausal women. FSH stimulates the production of cytokines, such as interleukin-1 beta, which activate osteoclasts and lead to bone loss.
Researchers tracked monocytes in primates infected with simian immunodeficiency virus to find that increased turnover predicts rapid AIDS development and brain disease severity. The study identifies a marker, soluble CD163, exclusive to monocytes, which correlates with disease progression.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital discovered an unexpected reservoir of immune cells called monocytes in the spleen, which are essential for recovery of cardiac tissue after a heart attack. The study found that these monocytes released from the spleen directly travel to the injured heart and participate in wound healing.
Researchers at UCLA have developed a method to measure the amount of amyloid beta absorbed by immune cells in the blood, which may help predict Alzheimer's risk. The study found that patients with Alzheimer's disease showed lower uptake of amyloid beta compared to healthy controls.
A study published in Atherosclerosis reveals that binge drinking causes an irregular pattern of heavy drinking to clog blood vessels, leading to a two-fold increase in fatal heart attack risk. Acetaldehyde levels found in the blood after binge drinking increase monocyte adhesion to blood vessel walls.
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine found that a component of intestinal bacteria helps HIV penetrate the blood-brain barrier, increasing the risk of cognitive disorders. The discovery could lead to new strategies for preventing HIV from entering the brain and causing serious complications.
Researchers at Temple University found a correlation between CD163+/CD16+ monocyte subsets and viral load in HIV patients. This subset increase may serve as an early indicator of immune impairment and disease progression.
Researchers from the University of Washington developed a new antibacterial strategy using Gallium, which inhibits the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and prevents biofilm formation. Additionally, studies suggest that Nutlin-3a may reactivate the p53 pathway to treat Kaposi's sarcoma virus-induced lymphomas. Another study found that a...
Researchers discovered a biochemical signaling pathway between blood platelets and monocytes that triggers production of Cox-2, an enzyme involved in heart attack, stroke, and other inflammatory diseases. This finding offers hope for developing new drugs to modify Cox-2 production and prevent or lessen the severity of these conditions.
Researchers discovered that Francisella tularensis can bypass the immune system's sensors and only triggers a response once inside a monocyte. This finding may lead to better treatments for diseases like tuberculosis and the plague. Understanding how the human immune system reacts to F. tularensis could provide new avenues for treatment.
Researchers successfully treated a laboratory model of GM1 – gangliosidosis using genetically modified bone marrow cells that produce an enzyme breaking down excess GM1. The treatment restored the activity of degenerating brain cells, suggesting a potential cure for this neurodegenerative disease.
Scientists have discovered a way to manage angiogenesis by stimulating monocytes with GM-CSF, which produces soluble receptors that inhibit the formation of new blood vessels. The approach could provide a new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
Immune cells that get trapped in atherosclerotic plaques attract more immune cells, setting up a cycle that leads to continued progression of the disease. Monocytes take up permanent residence in plaques due to altered differentiation factors.
A new study using nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) screening detected a significant rate of West Nile Virus viremic donations, preventing recipient infections. Another study investigated the role of monocytes in transfusion-transmitted cytomegalovirus infections, shedding light on the underlying processes involved.
Scientists propose sCD14 as a protective mechanism against LPS-mediated inflammation. Studies show that increasing sCD14 levels can neutralize LPS and reduce inflammatory cytokine secretion. The protein's role in sepsis treatment is still uncertain, but its discovery offers new hope for managing systemic effects of bacterial infections.
A UT Southwestern study shows that vitamin E can help reduce inflammation caused by white blood cells, which is a significant factor in diabetic vascular disease. The study found that increasing vitamin E intake reduced monocyte activity and promoted less inflammation and free radicals in type II diabetics.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center discovered that vitamin E can prevent the early stages of plaque formation by inhibiting the attachment of white blood cells to endothelial cells. Vitamin E's antioxidant properties help reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries.
Scientists found that apoptosis induces the processing of EMAP II precursor protein, releasing a biologically active form that recruits macrophages. This process is crucial for tissue remodelling and coordinating cell death during embryonic development.