Articles tagged with Mutant Cells
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A recent hypothesis suggests that humans are losing intellectual and emotional capabilities due to the susceptibility of genes involved in brain function to mutations. The author estimates that within 3000 years, we have sustained two or more harmful mutations affecting our stability.
A new study reveals that hundreds of random mutations in leukemia cells are linked to aging, not cancer. Researchers found that even healthy individuals accumulate genetic changes over time, which can increase the risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Researchers argue that changing tissue landscape promotes higher cancer rates in the elderly, rather than accumulating oncogenic mutations. Healthy cells in young bodies outcompete cells with cancerous mutations when conditions change.
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital have identified the genetic basis for CLOVES syndrome, a rare congenital malformation and overgrowth disorder. They found that between six and 60 percent of cells in affected tissues contained mutations in a gene called PIK3CA, which activate cell division and growth pathways.
Researchers at University of Cambridge discovered that conical cells on plant petals provide crucial grip for bees, increasing pollinator preference. The study reveals that these cells help bees land on flowers even in windy conditions.
A recent study suggests that restoring normal function to the mutant gene product responsible for cystic fibrosis requires correcting two distinct structural defects. This finding could lead to more effective therapeutic strategies for CF in the future.
Using a mathematical model, scientists found that spatial tissue structure slows down genetic mutation accumulation, delaying cancer onset. The study suggests that structured populations take longer to reach critical mutations, reducing the risk of cancer.
Researchers discovered that genetic mutations causing hereditary Parkinson's disease cause mitochondria to run amok inside cells. Damaged mitochondria produce toxic compounds and fuse with healthy ones, leading to neuronal death.
Researchers found almost no DNA structural mutations in induced pluripotent stem cells reprogrammed using a standard four-gene method. The study used advanced chromosomal error-mapping methods and detected only one mutation per line, which likely originated from the reprogramming process.
Researchers discovered a mutated version of human APP, which causes rapid death of olfactory nerve cells. The study suggests that reducing APP production may prevent or reverse cell death and dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers discovered genetic changes in the mitochondrial genome of iPS cells, which can cause metabolic disorders and nervous diseases. The study highlights the need to test cell lines intended for clinical use for such mutations.
Researchers identified the genetic mutation causing Proteus syndrome, leading to spontaneous tissue and bone growth. The discovery offers hope for potential drug therapies and confirms the disease's cause, previously unknown.
Mutations in MSR1, ASCC1, and CTHRC1 genes are linked to increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma and Barrett esophagus, a premalignant condition caused by chronic GERD. The study found that these three genes accounted for 11 percent of cases, highlighting the potential importance of genetic testing in risk assessment.
Researchers have successfully manipulated targeted genes in human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells using zinc finger nucleases and transcription activator like effector nucleases. This precision enables the study of genetic diseases and the development of disease-modifying drugs.
Researchers mapped out the order of DNA changes in advanced skin and ovarian tumors using a statistical approach, finding that key gene TP53 mutations occurred earlier than previously believed. This discovery could help identify personalized therapies for cancer patients by targeting early mutations.
Researchers have identified genetic mutations that predict risk of sudden cardiac death and cardiac events in patients with Long QT syndrome. The findings could lead to personalized treatment approaches for individuals with the condition, who are often at risk but may not exhibit typical clinical symptoms.
Researchers at Brown University have discovered that mutant prions can aid cells in overcoming harmful protein misfolding, a process thought to be catastrophic. The findings suggest that targeted interventions at various stages of the misfolding process can enable cells to overcome the problem.
Researchers discovered protein-coding point mutations in all 22 hiPSC lines, with an estimated six mutations per exome. The findings suggest that genetic screening of hiPSCs before clinical use is crucial to ensure their safety and accuracy.
A study found that Break-induced Replication, a method of DNA repair, is up to 2,800 times more likely to cause genetic mutations than normal cell repair. Researchers think four changes in replication machinery may contribute to its accuracy issues.
Researchers identified the Mahjong gene, which determines the winners of a life-or-death
Researchers at Brandeis University found that DNA repair mechanisms can increase mutation rates and alter gene expression in cancer cells. The study suggests that these mutations may be a key factor in the development of cancer.
Researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute created a new mouse model of multiple hereditary exostoses, a rare childhood disease characterized by abnormal bone growths. The study reveals the molecular basis of the disease and provides a tool to screen new treatments.
Mutations in Parkin cause Parkinson's disease by preventing the clearance of defective mitochondria. Cells expressing mutant Parkin fail to clear damaged mitochondria through mitophagy, a specialized autophagic pathway. This leads to the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates and neurodegeneration.
A Caltech-led team discovered that mitochondrial fusion is highly protective against high loads of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Without fusion, mtDNA levels drop, and the remaining mtDNA contains more mistakes, suggesting that fusion is necessary for mtDNA stability.
Johns Hopkins researchers discovered that a tail module in a calcium channel protein controls its sensitivity to calcium, potentially leading to neurodegenerative diseases. This finding has implications for conditions like schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's.
A new study of nematode worms with identical genes and environments found that chance played a role in the development of their gut, defying traditional explanations. Researchers attribute variations among organisms to differences in genes or environment, but this study adds random variation to the mix.
Researchers discovered that distinct cancer-causing mutations in neighboring cells can cooperate to promote tumorigenesis. The study found that the genetic cooperation occurs through a signaling pathway that activates cellular proliferation and stress response pathways.
A Scripps Research Institute team restored partial function to lung cells collected from patients with cystic fibrosis, opening a door to new therapies for this and other chronic diseases. The breakthrough uses a compound called suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) to correct protein misfolding.
Researchers discovered a connection between rare testicular tumors and severe childhood genetic disorders, suggesting that older fathers' genetic mutations may increase the risk of affected children. The study highlights the role of 'selfish' mutations in sperm production, which can lead to serious conditions in offspring.
Researchers exploit a relationship between the KRAS and TBK1 genes, known as 'synthetic lethality,' to kill cancer cells that are resistant to standard treatments. By targeting TBK1, the strategy bypasses the difficulties in treating KRAS-driven tumors, offering a new approach against aggressive cancers.
Researchers found BRAF mutations in all nevus cells but wild-type BRAF predominated in nine of 13 cases. Heterozygous patients showed simultaneous amplification of BRAF and a neighboring polymorphism, suggesting alternative melanocyte transformation mechanisms.
Researchers at the Burnham Institute developed a protocol to differentiate human embryonic stem cells into committed neural precursor cells, which can be used for transplantation. The C-NPCs were transplanted into mice and became active neurons without generating tumor outgrowth.
Researchers at UTSA and Hawaii's John A. Burns School of Medicine found that somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) does not increase point mutation rates in cloned mice, with naturally conceived fetuses having similar rates as their cloned counterparts.
Scientists express human CLN3 gene mutations in yeast cells to study Batten disease, finding that mutated cells' severity parallels human symptoms. The study also opens new avenues for investigating therapeutic compounds to treat the disease.
The primary cilium is a vital cellular sensor that detects signals to guide cells toward wounds, promoting efficient healing. Defective cilia impede wound closure and lead to uncontrolled cell migration, potentially contributing to invasive cancers and fibrosis.
Researchers at Penn School of Medicine found that cells reorganize their internal skeleton to adjust their shape in response to external forces. This discovery validates a common theory in cell biology and has implications for understanding certain diseases, including cancer.
Researchers at MIT have developed an imaging system that allows them to pinpoint the number and location of mutant cells in intact tissue. The study found that over 90% of cells with mutations were within clusters, suggesting that most mutations are inherited from another cell.
A new study found that mutant testis cells carrying the Apert's syndrome mutation have a selective advantage over non-mutant cells, leading to an exponential increase in sperm from older men containing the mutation. This explains why children born from sperm of older fathers are more likely to inherit genetic disorders.
A Northwestern University study has discovered that multicellular organisms respond to stress in an integrated manner, with two specialized neurons controlling the response of individual cells. This finding challenges the long-held assumption that cells within a multicellular organism respond individually to stress conditions.
Researchers at Helmholtz Munich have identified a novel Connexin-like gene mutation that affects early lens development in mice, causing microphthalmia and cataracts. The study suggests that faulty cell communication between developing lens fibers may lead to the cloudiness of the eye lens.
Researchers at Northwestern University discovered a counterintuitive approach to gene therapy that targets the removal of genes to restore cellular function. This method has implications for medical research and optimizing metabolic processes used in biofuel production.
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, have identified a unique plant gene that prevents fertilization when mutations are present in both the male and female reproductive cells. The discovery, known as 'abstinence by mutual consent,' reveals a previously unknown mechanism in plant reproduction.
Researchers found that CFTR mutations cause TGN acidity, leading to increased furin activity, which promotes tissue fibrosis and suppresses immune response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study suggests chloroquine as a potential treatment and identifies furin inhibitors as new therapeutics for cystic fibrosis
Research suggests that human testes can multiply mutations, making it easier for disease-causing genes to be passed to offspring. This phenomenon could explain why certain genetic disorders, such as Apert syndrome, occur more frequently than expected.
Researchers find Apert's syndrome is perpetuated due to mutant cells out-replicating normal cells in testes, leading to higher transmission rates. The single base-pair mutation occurs at a frequency 100-1000 times higher than predicted standard mutation rate.
Researchers found that tumor tissue has random mutation rates up to 100 times higher than normal tissue from the same patient. This may explain why cells in a tumor have so many genetic mutations and could lead to ineffective chemotherapy treatments.
Researchers propose that natural selection drives the evolution of cancer, with tumor cells constantly evolving through mutation and selection. This understanding could lead to new therapeutic strategies, such as targeting benign cells to outcompete malignant ones.
Researchers found that inhibiting an enzyme in the liver, CPT1A, improved feeding behavior and blood sugar levels in obese rats. The study suggests a biochemical pathway involved in nutrient sensing may play a critical role in diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.
Researchers have discovered a gene mutation in Bardet-Biedl syndrome that significantly increases disease severity. The finding mirrors the expected genetic complexity of common diseases like diabetes and cancer. By studying this mutation, scientists hope to uncover subtle genetic variants contributing to complex diseases.
Researchers at Emory University have discovered that the Tsg101 gene controls cell growth through a non-cell-autonomous mechanism, causing normal cells to overgrow and form tumor-like growths. The study also suggests that some human cancers might be composed of a mixture of normal cells and mutated cells with Tsg101 mutations.
A Northwestern University study using live-cell time-lapse spectroscopy clearly links the presence of mutant SOD1 protein aggregates with neuronal cell death in ALS. The research provides a new understanding of aggregate structure and composition, offering hope for developing genetic suppressors and therapeutics.
Researchers at EMBL have discovered two types of EJC complexes that determine how NMD deals with defective RNA molecules. The presence or absence of a protein called UPF2 affects the composition of the EJC, influencing how NMD recognizes and breaks down faulty RNAs.
Scientists have discovered that P-bodies play a crucial role in regulating the translation of mRNA molecules into proteins. The study found that P-bodies can store and recondition pre-used mRNA molecules, allowing cells to control protein production. This new understanding may provide insights into diseases like cancer.
Researchers found that cells without genetic predisposition have a lower mutation rate in PIG-A gene, ranging from 1 in 3 million to 1 in 300,000. A new test for the mutation rate could identify individuals at high cancer risk and help prevent or treat it.
Researchers find that stressed cells introduce errors in DNA repair, but only in specific locations and times, which can increase the chances of beneficial mutations. This process may accelerate the evolution of complex protein machines.
Researchers at UCLA used a drug to block mutant proteins from deforming cell nuclei, significantly reducing misshapen nuclei in human cells. The findings offer new clues into how progeria develops and could lead to treatment with new drugs for related disorders like osteoporosis.
Mitochondria play a crucial role in delivering energy to nerve cells, but researchers have discovered that they are not essential for communication between neurons. In a surprising finding, mutant fruit flies with disrupted mitochondrial transport can still transmit signals and survive for five days.
Researchers at Scripps Institute find a protein called LexA promotes mutations in bacteria, enabling them to evolve resistance to antibiotics. By inhibiting this protein, the bacteria's ability to evolve can be halted, potentially prolonging the potency of existing antibiotics.
Scientists at Stanford University have developed a new method, Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM), to create genetically engineered mice with specific mutated genes. This technique enables researchers to study gene function at high resolution, allowing for insights into human development and disease.
Researchers used somatic hypermutation to evolve a red fluorescent protein with improved stability and color emission properties. The new protein, mPlum, was created by allowing B cells to mutate the gene at a rate of roughly a million times that of the genome. This process enabled the production of multiple mutations in a single cycle.