Articles tagged with Ribosomes
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have developed a process to create synthetic polymers with precision of biology, enabling the production of advanced materials such as nanoelectronics, self-healing materials, and fuel cells. This breakthrough could lead to improved personal protective gear and sophisticated electronics for Soldiers.
Researchers solved the domain structure of HPF from Staphylococcus aureus to understand its role in ribosome hibernation. The study identified key amino acid residues essential for protein function, opening doors to new compounds targeting stress proteins.
Scientists have made a breakthrough in understanding the construction of mitochondrial ribosomes, also known as mitoribosomes, which are crucial for protein synthesis. The study reveals that these structures undergo multiple assembly steps involving various proteins and machinery.
Researchers developed a programmable device that integrates nanopores and optofluidic technology for controlling individual molecules and particles on a chip. The device enables selective analysis of target molecules from a mixture, allowing for high-throughput single-molecule analysis.
The nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC) identifies and sorts nascent polypeptide chains inside the ribosomal tunnel. NAC inserts its β-subunit into the tunnel to sense translation activity and regulate protein biogenesis.
A biophysical study reveals that enzyme ABCE1 adopts multiple structural conformations during ribosome recycling, enabling it to dissociate ribosomal subunits. This process is crucial for the recycling of ribosomes after each round of translation.
A research team led by Jonas Barandun has discovered a near-atomic model of the smallest known eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosome found in microsporidia. The study reveals that microsporidian ribosomes have lost essential genes and expansion segments, allowing them to survive with a highly compacted genome.
The ABCE1 enzyme is essential for ribosome recycling, allowing cells to maintain protein quality and homeostasis. Its structure can adopt three conformations to boost recycling, influencing the interaction with ribosomes and ATP.
Researchers at Uppsala University have elucidated the anatomy of a standby site and its requirements in bacterial protein synthesis. The study revealed that ribosomal protein S1 guides the ribosome to a single-stranded region and a short RNA hairpin, enabling translation through downstream RNA structure.
Researchers developed imaging technology to visualize and understand frameshifting mechanisms at single molecule level, revealing bursts of activity and subsets of RNAs involved. This discovery promises new depth to understanding viral replication and could inform future antiviral therapeutics.
Researchers at the Hubrecht Institute developed a new microscopy method to visualize gene translation in living cells, revealing out-of-frame translation occurs surprisingly frequently. This discovery suggests thousands of previously unknown proteins may be encoded in our DNA with unknown functions.
A team of researchers has discovered unknown mini-proteins in the human heart, which were previously unknown. The proteins are used for energy production and could hold promise for treating heart disease.
Researchers discovered that ribosomes in human cells destroy healthy mRNAs, affecting protein production and regulating gene expression. This discovery may lead to a better understanding of gene misregulation in human diseases.
Researchers at Uppsala University found that inhibiting ribosome biogenesis can revert aggressive tumors to a non-invasive state, potentially regaining sensitivity to hormonal therapy. The study also showed a marked reduction in lung metastases.
A recent study discovered that the nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC) plays a key role in preventing protein aggregation associated with neurodegenerative diseases. NAC suppresses PolyQ aggregation and enhances organismal fitness, according to tests using animal models such as C. elegans.
Researchers at UNIGE have deciphered the fundamental role of the Not1 protein in regulating ribosome activity, allowing proteins to assemble at the right time and place. This discovery sheds light on a crucial element of cellular machinery and its potential link to diseases.
A novel host antiviral factor named Shiftless has been identified that inhibits programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting in viruses. Shiftless interacts with the -1PRF signal RNA and translating ribosomes to stall the ribosome at the -1PRF site, leading to premature translation termination.
Scientists at the University of Bern have identified a unique mechanism in trypanosomes where non-coding RNA molecules stimulate ribosome activity, accelerating protein production during stress. This 'kick start' helps the cell recover quickly from nutrient scarcity or environmental challenges.
Research unravels mechanism of defective ribosomes causing cellular damage, including DNA mutations and increased cancer protein levels. The discovery provides a solution to Dameshek's Riddle and turns ribosome defects into an attractive target in the fight against cancer.
Researchers at MIT found a mysterious RNA buildup in neurons that increases with age, reducing protein production and potentially contributing to neurodegenerative diseases. The discovery was made using a novel technique that allowed them to isolate and sequence messenger RNA from specific types of cells.
Researchers at InStem have identified distinct markers to distinguish ribosomes that are specialized for producing specific sets of proteins. These findings suggest a novel role for the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein in modifying ribosomal RNA and regulating protein synthesis.
Researchers replace essential magnesium ions in the translational system with iron and manganese, revealing its robustness under primordial conditions. The experiment's success corroborates the translational system's place at the earliest foundations of life on Earth.
A team of scientists has discovered the atomic-resolution structure of a specialized ribosome in Trypanosomes, a parasitic disease-causing organism. The study reveals that these ribosomes are composed primarily of proteins, unlike other ribosomes which are dominated by RNA.
An international team of researchers has determined the function of a new family of proteins associated with cancer and autism. The study found that these proteins, including MCT-1 and DENR, play a crucial role in regulating protein production by acting as translation factors for uORF-containing mRNA.
E. coli bacteria adapt to limited nutrients by building up protein-production infrastructure, indicating an 'optimism' for future abundance. The cells optimize resource usage, producing more assembly lines under carbon limitation, but using fewer under phosphorus limitation.
Researchers found that cancer cells produce excessive BCL-2 protein due to a ribosome defect, helping them survive chemotherapy. A drug suppressing this protein has shown promise in treating T-cell leukaemia with similar defects.
Researchers at NYU School of Medicine discovered that mTORC1 regulates cell crowding, which can cause proteins to solidify and interfere with cellular functions. The study suggests that malfunctioning mTORC1 may contribute to the development of aging diseases.
Late-stage assembly intermediates of the human small ribosomal subunit have been structurally characterized, revealing detailed insights into their maturation principles. The findings suggest that the assembly sequence is controlled by biogenesis factors and involves several defined steps.
Researchers discovered that mechanical forces control protein synthesis speeds by influencing ribosome tunnel geometry and protein segment movement. This finding may lead to a better understanding of disease mechanisms linked to defective protein synthesis.
Researchers have identified a new class of antibiotics, odilorhabdins, which target bacterial ribosomes and disrupt protein synthesis. The unique compounds have shown potential in treating drug-resistant infections.
A recent study published in Cell reveals that disruptions in blood cell production can lead to anemia, specifically Diamond-Blackfan anemia. The research found that reduced ribosome levels and impaired translation processes contribute to the disorder's development.
A new bioinformatics analysis method has been developed to study viral infections, revealing over 500 different proteins and peptides, including 200 previously unknown to science. This discovery improves the identification of translation events and opens up new possibilities to understand the effects of viral infections on the organism.
Researchers at the University of Warwick and the University of Surrey have developed a system to dynamically allocate essential cellular resources to both synthetic circuitry and host cells. This breakthrough advances the potential of synthetically programming cells to combat disease and produce new drugs, including novel antibiotics.
The discovery of nucleophosmin's self-interaction mechanism could advance understanding of ALS and acute myeloid leukemia. Nucleophosmin plays a critical role in regulating the construction of ribosomes, which assemble proteins using RNA genetic code.
Researchers discovered that a natural alkaloid extracted from Daffodils, called haemanthamine, blocks the production of proteins by ribosomes in cancer cells, leading to their elimination. The study provides a molecular explanation for the anti-tumoral activity of Daffodils used in folk medicine.
A research team from Kumamoto University has discovered that ribosomes, the protein synthesizing organelle, can induce somatic cells to acquire pluripotency. This finding suggests a potential new approach for treating cancer and regenerating cells, as previously differentiated cells can be reprogrammed into multipotent stem cells.
Researchers at MSU have discovered a molecular timer that regulates protein synthesis, preventing extra molecules from being produced. The mechanism uses stalling ribosomes to control protein production, which could help combat cancerous tumors.
A multidisciplinary team has developed software called Scikit-Ribo to more accurately determine when cells translate RNA into protein. This method uses advanced statistical modeling techniques and can filter out noise from previous data, providing a clearer picture of translation dynamics.
Research from UIC suggests that antibiotics' ability to kill bacteria depends on their bond duration, not binding tightness. Bactericidal antibiotics, which can cure infections better than bacteriostatic ones, work by dissociating faster from the ribosome.
Researchers found that proteins with specific sequences can trigger the degradation of their own synthetic ribosomes, leading to aborted translation. However, living organisms also possess a mechanism to counteract this phenomenon, allowing for precise regulation of protein expression in response to environmental changes.
Researchers at CNRS have identified a novel protein, KSRP, specific to the ribosomes of trypanosome parasites. Inhibiting its activity leads to parasite death. This discovery opens the path to developing new, safer therapies for Chagas disease and African sleeping sickness.
Researchers have uncovered secrets of how bacteria turn off protein biosynthesis to conserve energy and survive under stressful conditions. Hibernating ribosomes, found in Gram-positive bacteria like Staph, help them survive by suppressing translation, making them a potential target for new antibiotics.
Researchers at the University of Groningen have identified a novel mechanism that targets hibernating ribosomes, making bacteria resistant to antibiotics. The mechanism involves a single protein, HPF±ong, which can dimerize and inhibit protein synthesis.
Researchers at MIT have designed a synthetic delivery system that is four times more effective than delivering mRNA on its own. The system uses a protein cap and poly-A binding protein to help mRNA bind to ribosomes and begin translation, resulting in higher protein expression.
Bacterial ribosomes can take an inactive form called hibernating 100S ribosome, helping bacteria conserve energy under stressful conditions. A SLU researcher discovered the protein factor HflX that triggers the transition back to active 70S form, essential for protein synthesis.
Scientists have discovered that ribosomes, the tiny factories of cells that produce proteins, are attached to mitochondria. This finding provides new insights into the process of protein targeting and mitochondrial function, which is essential for understanding diseases such as Parkinson's.
Researchers discovered that intestinal cells use a strategy to increase protein production within minutes of food entering the intestines, enabling fast and efficient processing. This approach has potential medical implications for diseases such as colitis, Crohn's disease, and bowel cancer.
Researchers from Harvard Medical School mathematically demonstrated that ribosomes are precisely structured to produce additional ribosomes as quickly as possible. This structure explains why they have a large number of small, uniformly sized proteins and varying RNA strands.
New research reveals that bacteria in fruit flies use a arsenal of toxins to defend against parasitic wasps, specifically targeting their ribosomes. The study found that the bacteria produce ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) that attack and disable the parasite's ribosomes.
A new mechanism has been identified by researchers where a subset of free 40S ribosomes preserve genetic information needed to produce new ribosomes. This discovery may lead to new therapies for cancer and 5q- syndrome, conditions where cancer cells exploit ribosome biogenesis to proliferate.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have identified an unexpected layer of gene regulation in ribosomes, challenging scientists' understanding of how cells control their genes. The discovery reveals that ribosomal proteins tune the translation process to specialize in specific cellular pathways.
Researchers at KFU's Structural Biology Lab have made significant breakthroughs in understanding Staphylococcus ribosomes using cryo-electron microscopy. This discovery holds great promise for developing new treatments against deadly infections, such as pneumonia and septicemia.
In a study published in Cell, researchers found that liver size in mice increases by almost half before returning to its initial dimensions. The fluctuations are influenced by the rhythm of food intake and physical activity. The discovery sheds light on how our circadian clock affects liver function.
The American Association of Anatomists has awarded three young investigators for groundbreaking research in cell biology, comparative neuroanatomy, and developmental biology. Maria Barna, Gloria Brar, and Shigeki Watanabe have made significant contributions to biomedical science through their research.
Researchers at IBS discovered a new function of DNA repair protein SHPRH, which regulates ribosome synthesis in response to nutrient availability. The protein's behavior changes during cellular starvation, allowing it to quickly recover ribosome production upon nutrient reintroduction.
A new study discovered a chemical compound that selectively stalls the production of specific proteins by targeting the ribosome. This approach offers a promising strategy for treating diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease.
Researchers have discovered a chemical compound that selectively stalls the ribosome, halting the production of specific proteins while leaving general protein production untouched. This discovery suggests a new approach to finding drugs that target undesired proteins before they are made.
Researchers found that reducing calorie consumption slows down ribosome production, giving cells extra time to repair themselves and maintaining overall bodily function. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of aging and may help inform decisions about diet and nutrition.
Researchers at Caltech have discovered the molecular basis for protection of a ribosomal protein from cellular degradation, using X-ray crystallography to solve the structure of the bound pair. This finding has potential applications in developing new cancer drugs by preventing tumor growth.
A team of scientists has identified a crucial step in the protein-sorting process, revealing that the signal recognition particle (SRP) recognizes membrane proteins before they are fully synthesized. This discovery highlights the importance of ribosomal tunnels in coordinating protein transport and sorting.