Quality control inside the cell
Two specific proteins recognize defective mRNAs and trigger their destruction, maintaining cell survival. The study reveals a direct competition-based approach for targeting aberrant ribosomes.
Ribosomes
Articles tagged with Ribosomes
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Essential quality control system in cells identifies and destroys faulty genetic material
A new quality control system in cells has been identified, which recognizes and destroys faulty genetic material by targeting the ribosome and messenger RNA. This discovery could potentially be used to develop new treatments for genetic diseases.
An ancient mechanism helps a cell to resist stress
Researchers from Lomonosov Moscow State University demonstrate how an evolutionary ancient mechanism of protein biosynthesis helps a cell resist stress. They developed a technique called FLERT, which allows studying the impact of cell stress on protein synthesis in a short-time scale.
Aggressive form of leukemia linked to defective 'protein factory'
Research reveals that 20-40% of multiple myeloma patients have a defective ribosome, leading to a poorer prognosis but better response to Bortezomib treatment. The discovery has the potential to improve therapy selection for these patients.
Protein synthesis: Ribosome recycling as a drug target
Researchers at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München discovered a mechanism to recycle bacterial ribosomes stalled on messenger RNAs lacking termination codons. This process, involving the protein ArfA, has emerged as a promising target for developing new antibiotics.
Family member with special connections
The discovery by University of Konstanz researchers reveals two regions within Ssb that mediate direct contact with the ribosome, supporting its function. The findings suggest a unique feature of Ssb that enables it to position itself optimally at the ribosome.
Multi-institutional collaboration uncovers how molecular machines assemble
Scientists used cutting-edge imaging and computational tools to decipher the assembly process of ribosomes, revealing multiple routes for assembly and parallel pathways. This discovery has significant implications for understanding diseases and developing safer medicines.
Structure of 'Iron Hammer' protein complex solved
The 'Iron Hammer' protein complex plays a crucial role in splitting the two subunits of the ribosome after protein synthesis is complete. The researchers used advanced techniques to reveal the structure of this complex and its interaction with the small ribosomal subunit.
Penn study identifies new mechanism of RNA degradation in plants
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have identified a new mechanism by which RNA molecules are degraded in plants, occurring co-translationally with translation. This process is linked to gene regulation and may play a role in stress response.
Ribosomal quality control
Researchers found that ribosomes hold newly synthesized proteins back until specific helpers, called chaperones, deliver the matching counterparts. This ensures only the intended structure is formed, adopting the role of a quality inspector in addition to production.
Researchers discover how selenium is incorporated into proteins
Selenium's incorporation into selenoproteins requires a unique elongation factor called eEFSec that helps recognize the stop codon as coding for selenocysteine. The discovery sheds light on how selenium is handled differently during protein synthesis due to its high reactivity.
How cells master the art of reading life's recipes
A new understanding of protein creation based on RNA recipes reveals great precision in cell diversity and efficiency in ribosome reading. The research also sheds light on the interaction between ribosomes and RNA during tumor formation, potentially leading to better treatments.
Unravelling the secret of antibiotic resistance
Researchers at the University of Leeds have solved a 25-year-old question about how bacteria resist certain antibiotics. The study provides direct evidence that ABC-F proteins 'protect' the bacterial ribosome, allowing it to continue making proteins despite antibiotic presence.
Keeping ribosomes stuck may stop virulent bacteria strain in its track
Researchers developed compound inhibitors that target ribosomes in the translation phase of a virulent bacteria's genetic process. These compounds halt the bacterial rescue operation, making it difficult for the bacteria to grow and proliferate. The study's findings offer new hope against biowarfare agents and resistant pathogens.
MSU biologists discovered a new facet of the mechanism of protein biosynthesis
Researchers at MSU clarify how living cells determine the start of protein synthesis, introducing a new facet to the mechanism. The discovery reveals that GTP hydrolysis plays a crucial role in determining whether a ribosome recognizes an AUG codon or not.
Watching the ribosome at work
A new method called RiboTaper helps to clarify the function of unknown genes by analyzing sequencing data. By filtering out background noise, researchers can determine which genes are actively producing proteins and identify specific points on RNA where significant events occur.
Looking back 3.8 billion years into the root of the 'Tree of Life'
Researchers at Georgia Tech use ribosomal RNA to trace life's evolution, finding molecular structures and events near the biochemical origins of life. By analyzing variations in ribosomal RNA, they uncover secrets of creation and answer foundational questions about life's origins.
Alert to biologists: Ribosomes can translate the 'untranslated region' of messenger RNA
Researchers found that ribosomes can translate the 'untranslated region' of mRNA, producing small proteins whose functions are unknown. This discovery opens up new questions about cancer cell growth and how cells respond to stress.
Researchers design first artificial ribosome
Researchers created a tethered artificial ribosome called Ribo-T, which works nearly as well as the natural cellular component. The engineered ribosome enables production of new drugs and biomaterials, and may lead to better understanding of ribosome function.
Yeast cells optimize their genomes in response to the environment
Researchers found that yeast modify their genomes to produce more ribosomes in response to excess calories, enabling faster replication and optimal growth. This study reveals a new mechanism by which organisms can adapt to environmental changes.
Decaying RNA molecules tell a story
Decaying RNA molecules provide a snapshot of how proteins are produced, with one end decaying while the other serves as a template for translation. Researchers have discovered that an enzyme degrading mRNA follows closely behind ribosomes, pausing at set points to allow translation to complete before degradation begins.
'Freezing a bullet' to find clues to ribosome assembly process
Scientists have identified a new chaperone protein, Acl4, that helps assemble ribosomal protein L4 into a developing ribosome. This discovery provides insights into the stepwise process of ribosome assembly and has potential applications in antifungal agents and disease research.
New target for anticancer drugs: RNA
Researchers at UC Berkeley have identified a new target for cancer drugs in messenger RNA molecules, which carry unique tags that can be targeted to regulate translation. These tagged mRNAs play a key role in controlling cell growth and differentiation, making them potential targets for new anticancer therapies.
Microscope technique reveals for first time when and where proteins are made
Researchers have developed a new fluorescence microscopy technique that shows where and when proteins are produced in individual cells. The technique allows direct observation of messenger RNA molecules being translated into proteins, shedding light on protein synthesis irregularities contributing to human diseases.
Scripps Florida scientists confirm key targets of new anti-cancer drug candidates
Scientists from the Scripps Research Institute have confirmed that ribosome assembly is a potentially fertile new target for anti-cancer drugs. The study highlights the essential function of Casein kinase 1δ (CK1δ) and CK1ε in human ribosome assembly, which are also elevated in several tumor types and neurodegenerative diseases.
Forget the selfish gene -- the evolution of life is driven by the selfish ribosome
Scientists have found evidence that ribosomes are not just passive translators of DNA but also have their own genetic information and may be responsible for creating proteins. The discovery challenges traditional views on the evolution of life and suggests a new spin on feeling kinship with other creatures.
Defying textbook science, study finds new role for proteins
A team of researchers discovered a protein called Rqc2 that specifies which amino acids are added to stalled proteins, blurring the lines of what we thought proteins could do. The study suggests potential implications for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, ALS, or Huntington's.
It's not always the DNA
Research reveals that damaged messenger RNA can cause ribosomes to jam, leading to the production of short proteins and contributing to neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidized mRNA was found to accumulate in cells with advanced Alzheimer's, highlighting a potential mechanism for the disease.
Biology meets geometry
Researchers describe the Terasaki ramps in the endoplasmic reticulum as spiral structures that connect parallel sheets, allowing for high density of ribosomes. This geometry is stable and minimizes energy, consistent with the laminar structure of the stacks.
Making sure antibiotics work as they should
Researchers at ETH Zurich have studied the molecular structure of mitoribosomes, revealing new details about how proteins are synthesized. The findings will help design antibiotics that target only bacterial ribosomes, improving their effectiveness in treating human diseases.
Old drug may be key to new antibiotics
A new class of antibiotics could be developed using the anticonvulsant drug lamotrigine, which inhibits bacterial ribosome assembly. Researchers at McMaster University discovered that lamotrigine stops ribosomes from being created in bacteria, a breakthrough in tackling antibiotic resistance.
Targeting the protein-making machinery to stop harmful bacteria
Scientists at the University of Rochester have isolated key steps in ribosome formation, a crucial process for bacterial growth. The researchers found that multiple pathways of RNA processing occur simultaneously, suggesting new possibilities for stopping super-bugs.
USC Stem Cell scientists lay a TRAP for disease
USC Stem Cell scientists have created a transgenic mouse line called TRAP, which enables the detection of early signals of acute kidney injury. This breakthrough has the potential to improve patient outcomes by detecting kidney failure earlier, allowing for more effective treatment.
Human cells' protein factory has an alternate operating manual
Researchers at the University of Maryland have discovered a new process in human genes that can alter protein contents and functions. This process, known as programmed ribosomal frameshifting, may help the body regulate its immune response and prevent harmful side effects.
Evolution of life's operating system revealed in detail
Researchers model primordial ribosomes using modern structures, showing how new structures were added to the surface without altering the core. The study reveals the universal biology of translation, with distinct fingerprints in ribosomes across species.
Biologists find 'missing link' in the production of protein factories in cells
Researchers at UC San Diego have discovered a specialized system that enables the synthesis of ribosomal proteins, which are crucial for producing life-sustaining proteins. This finding has significant implications for understanding cell growth and development, and may lead to new treatments for diseases such as cancer.
Biologists find 'missing link' in the production of protein factories in cells
Biologists at UC San Diego found the missing link to protein factory production, revealing a novel regulatory system that produces ribosomal proteins. This discovery provides new insights into controlling cell growth and potentially treating diseases like cancer.
Cutting edge methods reveal what makes Purkinje neurons unique
Researchers discovered a comprehensive catalogue of proteins manufactured in specific parts of Purkinje neurons using cutting-edge methods TRAP and CAGEscan. This finding holds key to understanding molecular events and potential insights into diseases associated with Purkinje cells.
Discovery could lead to novel therapies for Fragile X syndrome
Researchers discovered how Fragile X mental retardation protein affects brain cell protein production, leading to the development of potential therapies for the genetic disorder. The study identified a critical binding site on the ribosome that could be targeted by drugs.
Research points to potential treatment strategy for Fragile X syndrome
Fragile X syndrome is caused by the absence of FMRP protein, which regulates cell machinery responsible for producing functional proteins. The study found that FMRP binds directly to ribosomes in cells, regulating protein expression and providing insights into potential novel therapies.
Some long non-coding RNAs are conventional after all
Researchers have identified hundreds of open reading frames in long non-coding RNAs that may give rise to functional proteins using ribosome profiling. The method allowed direct quantification of messenger RNA fragments protected by the ribosome, revealing translated small open reading frames.
Possible explanation for human diseases caused by defective ribosomes
A new study reveals that defective ribosomes are the root cause of human diseases, starting with anemia and bone marrow failure early in life. As quality control systems fail, more ribosomes become available, leading to changes in gene expression patterns that can result in cancer.
Strictly yeast
Researchers have made a computer app to spot and decode the unique footprints in yeast DNA, revealing an intricately choreographed dance of ribosomal RNA genes. This discovery enables biologists to track evolutionary relationships between different species using these tiny changes.
Protein 'rescues' stuck cellular factories
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine used a powerful data-crunching technique to understand how the protein Dom34 keeps defective genetic material from disrupting cellular functions. The study found that Dom34 'rescues' protein-making factories called ribosomes when they get stuck obeying defective genetic instructions.
Advanced techniques yield new insights into ribosome self-assembly
A new study reports that the ribosome's small subunit assembles itself through a dynamic interaction between proteins and RNA. The team discovered that a specific protein plays a crucial role in this process, allowing for the binding of subsequent proteins.
Mitochondrial ribosome revealed
Researchers at ETH Zurich deciphered the structure of the large subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome, a complex enzyme that deciphers genetic code and assembles amino acids into proteins. The study's success relies on a combination of high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy and chemical cross-linking combined with mass spectrometry.
Stanford researchers take a step toward developing a 'universal' flu vaccine
Stanford researchers have made a breakthrough in developing a universal flu vaccine by targeting the protein stem rather than the head of a critical protein. This approach aims to offer broader protection against different strains of flu and potential multi-season immunity.
Choreographed origami
Scientists at EMBL have discovered that pairs of tags are added to RNA molecules in a specific order, helping control folding and ribosome formation. This complex choreography allows cells to precisely regulate protein factories.
Stowers team links dampened mTOR signaling with the developmental disorder Roberts syndrome
The study found that mutant RBS cells exhibited aberrant ribosome malfunction, leading to upregulation of p53 protein and strong inhibition of mTOR signaling. Supplementing L-leucine partially rescued defects in both human skin cells and zebrafish embryos carrying the mutated ESCO2 gene.
Better protein creation may be secret of longevity for the world's longest-living rodent
Researchers at the University of Rochester have discovered a unique way in which naked mole rats build proteins, leading to nearly perfect protein structures and reduced error rates. This breakthrough could one day lead to pharmaceutical treatments that improve protein synthesis in humans.
Global analysis reveals new insights into the ribosome -- with important implications for disease
Researchers analyzed the riboproteome to gain a better understanding of translation and its impact on cancer. The study uncovered dynamic components of the ribosome that can be altered in cancer, highlighting potential therapeutic targets.
The ribosome -- a new target for antiprion medicines
Researchers at Uppsala University have identified the ribosome as a key player in prion diseases, such as mad cow disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The discovery suggests that antiprion medicines targeting the ribosome's protein folding activity may be effective in treating these fatal neurodegenerative diseases.
Mimicking living cells: Synthesizing ribosomes
Scientists have successfully synthesized ribosomes from scratch using a novel technology that mimics the natural process. This breakthrough enables the creation of functional ribosomes with exotic functions and could lead to the discovery of new antibiotics and modified protein-generators.
This image could lead to better antibiotics
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have created an atomic-scale structure of a ribosome attached to a molecule that controls its motion, shedding light on how bacterial ribosomes work. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new antibiotics that target the specific weaknesses of bacterial ribosomes.
Study reveals key step in protein synthesis
Researchers at UC Santa Cruz have trapped the ribosome in a key transitional state, allowing them to see how it translates genetic code into proteins without mistakes. Understanding this process is crucial for developing new antibiotics and has significant implications for the origin of life.
Mapping translation sites in the human genome
A team at Arizona State University has identified thousands of RNA sequences, known as Translation Enhancing Elements (TEEs), which initiate cap-independent translation in the human genome. These findings have significant implications for understanding protein synthesis and may hold potential for biomedical applications.
Scripps Research Institute scientists discover how a protein finds its way
Researchers uncovered how an enzyme co-factor bestows specificity on a class of proteins with nonspecific biochemical activity, expanding scientists' view of co-factors role in disease. The discovery suggests manipulating co-factors could alter protein activity, potentially treating diseases.
Superbugs may have a soft spot, after all
Researchers found that superbugs like E. coli require a balance between two proteins, RbfA and KsgA, to produce proteins. Disrupting this balance could potentially kill the bacteria without harming humans.
Scientists discover structure of protein essential for quality control, nerve function
Researchers at TSRI have determined the structure of Ltn1, a 'quality-control' protein that ensures protein-making machinery works smoothly. The study suggests Ltn1 may be relevant to human neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS.
Molecular machine could hold key to more efficient manufacturing
The machine, inspired by natural ribosomes, can synthesize complex molecules in a synthetic process, with potential applications in pharmaceuticals and other industries. While still inefficient compared to natural ribosomes, the machine's development marks an important step towards more efficient manufacturing processes.