Articles tagged with Vesicles
A new study reveals that extracellular vesicles deliver genetic instructions for the longevity protein Klotho to muscle cells, which declines with age. This finding suggests that EVs could be developed into novel therapies for healing damaged muscle tissue and improving functional recovery in older individuals.
Researchers found that packaging neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles is a major source of energy consumption, even when the vesicles are filled and inactive. The process, known as proton efflux, continues to consume energy due to a 'leaky' energy threshold set by evolution.
Researchers at Lehigh University are working on a project funded by the Good Food Institute grant to adapt human tissue engineering techniques for growing meat in the lab. The team is developing a scaffold for meat cells to grow on and using electrochemistry, nanomaterial design, and liposomal delivery vehicles to promote fibrous growth.
Researchers create Opto-vTrap, a reversible inhibition system that can temporarily trap vesicles from being released, allowing for controlled brain activity. The technique enables temporary removal of fear memory in live mice, with potential applications in epilepsy treatment, muscle spasm treatment, and skin tissue expansion technolog...
Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham discovered the mechanism of secretion and trafficking of Mycobacterium tuberculosis' toxin TNT, which kills over 1 million people annually. The ESX-4 type VII secretion system plays a crucial role in transporting TNT across cell membranes.
A new study on Bardet-Biedl syndrome reveals that defective primary cilia can broadcast signals that worsen symptoms, including kidney problems and intellectual disabilities. Cilia play a crucial role in regulating intercellular communication, and their malfunctioning is responsible for various inherited disorders.
Researchers developed a new analytical technique to isolate and characterize individual organelles within cells, allowing for rapid chemical analysis. The study found heterogeneity among vesicle types, indicating the potential for earlier disease detection.
Scientists from HKUST and PolyU develop an in-vitro vesicle formation assay to study cargo clients and factors that mediate vesicular trafficking. The study reveals cytosolic proteins associated with vesicle membranes, including FAM84B and PRRC1, and uncovers novel cargo proteins dependent on GTP hydrolysis.
Researchers discovered that a byproduct of cholesterol metabolism, 27-hydroxycholesterol, induces the production of extracellular vesicles that promote breast tumor growth and metastasis. The study found that these vesicles carry signaling molecules that spur estrogen-responsive cancer cells to proliferate and grow.
The four CNRS 2021 Innovation Medal laureates have developed diverse projects, from ecological engineering to sustainable chemistry and regenerative medicine. Their work has led to significant technological innovations, such as marine ecological engineering platforms and micro-magnets for hybrid-electric vehicles.
Researchers achieve complete control over vesicle division using osmosis and enzymatic reactions, producing single-phase 'daughter cells' with different membrane compositions. The team can also grow these cells back into phase-separated vesicles by fusing them with tiny vesicles.
Researchers have found that using a small molecule called givinostat can coax induced pluripotent stem cells to become muscle progenitor cells, increasing muscle stem cells and decreasing destructive inflammation. The strategy also restores levels of dystrophin, a key protein for the muscle, in animal models of muscular dystrophy.
Researchers at Nara Institute of Science and Technology have discovered a way for cells to communicate using filopodia, small finger-like projections. Filopodia-derived extracellular vesicles promote wound closure by sending cellular signals that encourage cell migration.
Researchers at UC Riverside identified proteins that bind to small RNAs, loading them into extracellular vesicles and enhancing the delivery of gene-silencing RNAs. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient disease control and aid human therapies.
Researchers found that membrane vesicles, which carry biological information between bacteria and cells, produce more info-rich bubbles in response to antibiotics. This may lead to the transmission of warning signals to neighboring cells and potentially foster antibiotic resistance.
Researchers discovered a novel mechanism by which mycolic acid-containing bacteria form diverse types of membrane vesicles in response to DNA damage and envelope stress. This finding provides insight into the mechanisms of membrane vesicle formation, which could be helpful for developing novel therapeutics or vaccines.
Scientists at Goethe University have developed a method to produce artificial organelles in living yeast cells, enabling the creation of customized molecules. The new technology uses synthetic vesicles to introduce enzymes and metabolic pathways in isolation from the rest of the cell.
Researchers at Kanazawa University demonstrate the ability to reversibly control the emission of blue-green light from water-soluble tetraphenylethene molecules on artificial cell membrane surfaces. This controlled emission has potential applications in new biological sensors and smart drug delivery platforms.
Scientists at the Swiss Nanoscience Institute create miniature polymeric reaction containers, mimicking cellular compartments to study enzymatic reactions. The 'cell on a chip' technology provides precise control over enzyme combinations and transport, facilitating research into metabolic diseases and drug reactions.
Researchers have identified Atg9 vesicles as a platform for assembling the autophagy machinery to build autophagosomes. The biogenesis of autophagosomes involves numerous proteins, and isolating 21 components has enabled scientists to rebuild parts of the machinery in a controlled manner.
Researchers at the University of Bonn discovered a protein that influences cell communication in vascular cells. The study found that an RNA-binding protein acts as a gatekeeper, controlling the release of microRNAs that promote regeneration. This breakthrough offers new hope for treating diseases like arteriosclerosis.
Researchers have discovered that a drop in cell membrane tension controls protein sorting, using molecular probes to measure and visualize endosomes' physical properties. This finding has implications for understanding cancer and degenerative diseases.
Researchers at Florida State University have discovered a key role for an adaptor protein in forming the outer structure of vesicles, which are essential for transporting molecules within cells. This finding sheds new light on how cells move resources and could potentially lead to breakthroughs in drug delivery and virus entry prevention.
Researchers uncover how the huntingtin protein transports vital materials within neurons, revealing a potential avenue for therapeutics aimed at improving endosomal transport in Huntington's disease patients. The study also highlights the importance of understanding the protein's normal function to develop effective treatments.
Researchers analyzed extracellular vesicles in human prostate cancer cells to understand how cancer spreads. The findings suggest a new approach to diagnose malignancies without invasive biopsies.
Researchers have created biological storage compartments using protein and RNA, offering an alternative to traditional lipid-based vesicles. The hollow spheres can be used for targeted drug delivery or pesticide release, and their structure resembles classical lipid vesicles without being made from lipids.
The study reveals that matrix-bound vesicles (MBVs) have a similar size to liquid-phase EVs but contain different proteins, lipids, and microRNAs. MBVs also share common characteristics with parent cells, suggesting a possible origin from mitochondria.
Researchers found that isoflurane weakens the transmission of electrical signals between neurons, particularly at higher frequency impulses. The anesthetic preferentially blocks these high frequency signals, while having minimal effect on low frequency impulses that control life-supporting functions.
Researchers developed a new method to separate extracellular vesicles from urine with high purity, revealing protein signatures specific to urological cancers. This breakthrough brings us closer to developing promising new urine tests for faster diagnosis and timely treatment of urological cancers.
Researchers discovered a high diversity of physical properties among membrane vesicles (MVs) from different bacteria, with varying adhesion, elasticity and friction. The study used phase imaging atomic force microscopy to analyze MVs from E. coli, P. aeruginosa, P. denitrificans and B. subtilis.
A study found that stress can alter sperm composition and influence fetal brain development in the womb, potentially affecting future generations. Researchers discovered a biological mechanism by which stress changes sperm and interacts with maturing sperm, leading to significant changes in brain development and stress response.
Researchers found that melanoma cells secrete extracellular vesicles via the hedgehog signalling pathway, intensifying malignant properties in target cells. This discovery can help develop better treatment and diagnostics for melanoma.
Researchers found that membrane vesicles derived from human mesenchymal stem cells can stimulate angiogenesis, a key process for treating ischemic tissue damage. The study suggests that these vesicles could be used for cell-free therapy of degenerative diseases such as heart disease, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers developed molecular factories by combining natural vesicles with synthetic organelles, demonstrating no toxicity in animal models. These factories can produce complex structures and assembled molecules, paving the way for artificial cells in laboratory or living organisms.
Researchers develop method to convert spherical lipid vesicles into 2D nanosheets and back again in a controlled process. The reversible conversion enables the creation of ultra-thin flexible nanosheets with valuable properties for biomembrane studies and applications.
Researchers found that vesicles isolated from four strains of Lactobacillus bacteria interfere with HIV infection, reducing the number of infected cells. The study suggests ways to reduce male-to-female HIV transmission.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science found that vesicles transported out of the Golgi, not from the cell membrane, are crucial for endosome formation. This discovery reveals a new mechanism to explain how cells sort and distribute substances.
Researchers at the University of Warwick have discovered a previously unknown cellular component called intracellular nanovesicles (INVs) that deliver proteins in heavy traffic. INVs are approximately 30 nanometres across and could provide clues to the process that allows cells, such as cancer cells, to migrate within the body.
Researchers discovered that cyclophospholipids can help protocells build stable vesicles, a crucial step in the emergence of life. This finding provides a solution to the puzzle of how stable vesicles could have developed in early Earth's harsh conditions.
Researchers at the University of Groningen constructed a synthetic metabolic network for physicochemical homeostasis, producing ATP in synthetic vesicles. The system uses arginine and ornithine to maintain ionic balance and drive metabolic processes.
Heidelberg University researchers have comprehensively analyzed the composition of COPI and COPII transport vesicles, revealing specialized subtypes that transport specific types of proteins. This breakthrough could lead to a better understanding of diseases caused by mutations in vesicular transport mechanisms.
Researchers found that lipids can self-assemble into vesicles on a surface without external input, forming compartments enclosed by lipid membranes. This process is plausible and could have occurred on early Earth, where fatty molecules were abundant.
Researchers identified an FDA-approved drug, resperine, that hampers metastasis in animal models by disrupting the uptake of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles by healthy cells. This process prevents cancer cells from seeding and thriving in distant tissues. Resperine's success suggests a potential anti-metastatic therapy strategy.
A recent study published in eLife reveals that bone cells adapt to mechanical forces by releasing energy-rich ATP and repairing damaged membranes. The researchers found that membrane injury causes ATP release, but rapid membrane repair controlled by calcium- and PKC-dependent vesicles limits the total amount of ATP spilled.
Researchers have discovered that protein droplets, which self-organize into liquid-like structures inside cells, enable neurons to transmit signals quickly and efficiently. In the immune system, droplets of a danger-sensing enzyme trigger an immune response by generating signals that launch defense mechanisms.
IPF is associated with increased extracellular vesicles that relay WNT5A signals to lung cells, leading to scarring and impaired lung function. The study proposes a pharmacological biomarker and therapeutic approach to address this disease.
A new cell therapy has been developed to aid heart recovery without implanting cells, using extracellular vesicles secreted by cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells. The therapy shows promising results in recovering cardiac function and reducing arrhythmias in rat models of myocardial infarction.
A recent study published in Cell Reports sheds light on the poorly-understood part of vesicle recycling at synapses. The researchers found that refilling vesicles with neurotransmitters like GABA takes longer than reforming them, and this process is crucial for maintaining important brain functions.
Researchers have discovered that extracellular vesicles isolated from amniotic fluid stem cells can slow the progression of kidney damage in mice with Alport syndrome. The findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of kidney disease and point to a potential new approach for improved treatments.
Researchers develop targeted delivery vehicles for multiple sclerosis drugs using extracellular vesicles, offering a potential treatment breakthrough. The new method uses naturally occurring vesicles to deliver small molecules of RNA that boost myelin production in oligodendrocytes.
Researchers at the University of Warwick have successfully triggered clathrin-mediated endocytosis in lab cells using a chemical rapamycin. This breakthrough enables precise control over when and where vesicles form, allowing scientists to study timing and protein requirements with accuracy.
Recent advances in engineering bacterial outer membrane vesicles have demonstrated protection against infection by various bacterial species in animal models. These biologically-derived nanoparticles could function as a platform technology for vaccine development and targeted compound delivery.
Scientists at Kazan Federal University have developed a new tool for cell-free therapy using artificial membrane vesicles, which retain biological properties of donor cells. The study demonstrates that these vesicles can stimulate angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo.
Neurons can dynamically modify their dopamine content by adjusting vesicle acidity, contradicting the existing textbook model. This finding has important implications for understanding dopamine-related diseases like schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease.
Scientists at LMU Munich have developed a method to study ion channels in membrane vesicles with greater specificity. They screened compounds that selectively induce the enlargement of early and late endosomes, allowing them to characterize TRPML3 and TRPML1 channels.
Researchers have discovered that guanylate-binding proteins, such as human GBP1, play a crucial role in bringing together membrane blebs to trap pathogens. This process is a precursor to vesicle fusion, which is essential for the immune defense mechanism.
Researchers elucidate mechanisms behind synaptic vesicle motion, finding that type, size of synapse and vesicle composition impact motility. Tracking vesicles reveals active transport to specific destinations, providing clues for neuronal diseases.
Researchers at OIST Graduate University have identified the precise toxic mechanism of alpha-synuclein, a key causative agent in Parkinson's development. The protein inhibits vesicle endocytosis, critical for neurotransmission, leading to its devastating effects on motor control and cognitive function.
Swedish researchers used nanoelectrochemical measurements to study zinc's influence on neurotransmitter release. They found that zinc reduces the number of stored neurotransmitters but maintains the amount released upon stimulation.
A study led by Wei Guo has identified Sec3 as a key activator that speeds up the binding of SNAREs, allowing vesicles to fuse with the plasma membrane. The researchers used a combination of molecular biology and crystallography to understand the mechanism of exocytosis and have potential implications for endocrinology, neurotransmissio...