Articles tagged with Circuit Development
Researchers at Harvard University and Washington University have identified a family of molecules that play a crucial role in generating synapses in the brain. These presynaptic organizing molecules could lead to new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, mental retardation, and other conditions where synapse loss is a factor.
Researchers discovered that the Hoxb1 gene is necessary for forming a circuit between the brain and facial muscles, controlling movements such as blinking and facial expressions. The study's findings have implications for understanding and potentially treating Mobius syndrome and other nerve-related disorders.
Justin Crowley receives a $240,000 award to study neural circuit formation in the primary visual cortex. His research aims to understand how neurons form functional connections during development, which could lead to treatment options for nervous system damage caused by traumatic injury or disease.
Researchers at UCSF successfully engineered a signaling protein to respond to novel inputs, mimicking the behavior of natural circuits. This breakthrough enables the creation of modular electronic components in cells, allowing for diverse circuits and behavior.
Researchers at Newcastle University are developing asynchronous systems that work well in labs and have potential for commercial use. These designs could overcome limitations imposed by traditional clocks on computer performance.
A new type of analog processor, compact and fast for image processing, has the potential to replace damaged human retinas with an artificial eye. The cellular nonlinear network (CNN) chip is integrated with a camera to produce an image processor, mimicking the functions of the retina.
A team of researchers from the University of Toronto has developed a method to precisely control the placement and ordering of photonic crystals on surfaces, paving the way for the creation of photonic microchips. This breakthrough could enable faster data transfer rates in optical communications systems.
Di Ventra's award will support his work in computer simulations and theoretical models to advance the development of molecular electronics. His research aims to understand electron transport properties at the atomic level, enabling the creation of faster and more efficient electronic devices.
Researchers have developed a robust DNA mechanical device that can manipulate movement within individual molecule pairs without affecting others. This breakthrough paves the way for nanorobotic applications and demonstrates a new level of control over molecular-scale devices.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a new simulation tool that predicts an innovative type of transistor, called the double-gate transistor, could keep Moore's Law in force until 2025. This would give scientists time to develop new technologies to replace traditional silicon-based integrated circuits.
Researchers found that the central clock is insensitive to food stimuli and can be overridden by peripheral clocks. This discovery provides insight into the complex circuits connecting brain and body during feeding patterns.
Researchers found evidence that brain circuitry is present and well-formed at birth, contradicting the long-held view that experience shapes the brain's wiring. The study used innovative surgical techniques to reveal neural connections in newborn ferrets' brains.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a novel low-power circuit that can dynamically adjust memory usage to minimize energy consumption. The new design reduces the amount of energy needed to run a computer's memory by up to 62% while maintaining performance levels.
Researchers at Cornell University have developed an environmentally friendly adhesive that can be easily removed and cleaned up, making it possible to recycle outmoded computers. The adhesive, dubbed Alpha-Terp, can be broken down using heat or industrial solvents, allowing for the reuse of valuable components.
Research shows that newborns who experience tissue injury and pain may develop a permanent rewiring of their nervous system, leading to increased sensitivity to pain later in life. The study used an animal model to demonstrate the effects of early pain exposure on adult pain pathways.
Researchers identified a working 'inhibitory synapse' between brain neurons and hair cells in the cochlea, suggesting a feedback mechanism that wires ears and brain for hearing. This discovery moves researchers closer to understanding human and mammalian hearing development.
Scientists discovered that a specific protein controls the developmental destiny of white blood cells. Increasing or decreasing this protein's levels can direct the cells' fate, raising hopes for new therapies.
Researchers demonstrate that different concentrations of transcription factor PU.1 control blood cell progenitor development into B lymphocytes or macrophages, two distinct types of white blood cells. High levels of PU.1 block B cell development and promote macrophage formation.
Researchers developed a novel fabrication technique that uses magnetic actuation to assemble large arrays of three-dimensional microstructures. The method involves casting individual components in place and using a magnetic field to fold them into shape.
Researchers propose a novel design strategy to reduce interference in compact electronic circuits, enabling engineers to predict performance before building prototypes. The method takes into account two key factors: overlapping wires and current direction.
A team of researchers has developed a genetic tracking system that allows them to follow neural crest cells from the embryonic stage to adulthood. The study reveals key players in tooth formation and highlights their contribution to other craniofacial structures.
Eight scientists have been selected for the Gerhard Hess prize for their groundbreaking work in humanities, biology, and medicine. The winners include Dr. Martin Wallraff for his critical edition of a Christian author's chronography, and Dr. Thomas Behr for developing radioimmunotherapies to treat tumours.
Growing neurons have a limited time to create connections before risking a 'clockwork death' due to lack of life-sustaining chemical signals. Researchers discovered an intermediate control mechanism, called en passant, which helps prevent miswiring by providing support as axons pass through the target region.
Researchers at Ohio State University developed a more efficient cooling system for microelectronics by doubling the number of tiny tubes in a two-layered design. This new heat sink can cool devices like computers and lasers with reduced power consumption and bulkier packaging.
Researchers at Boston University developed a biologically inspired model to improve the fidelity of electronic devices by mimicking the noise-shaping abilities of neuronal networks. The system can effectively filter out unwanted information and identify desired signals over a wider bandwidth.
Scientists are creating tiny 'motes' of 'smart dust' that can communicate with each other and sense their environment, paving the way for a range of applications including weather monitoring and espionage. The devices use optical transceivers to minimize power consumption and have already demonstrated monitoring capabilities over 21 ki...
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a method to create smaller, faster computer chips by stacking electronic devices in vertically connected layers. The technique, called epitaxial lateral overgrowth, allows for the creation of multiple layers of transistors with extremely short connections, leading to faster and denser cir...
Researchers use ultraviolet lamps to create thin polymer films with precise patterns, reducing convection issues that affect film uniformity. These films have the potential to replace electronic circuits in all-optical computer systems, increasing efficiency and compactness.
The UCSB transistor achieved a world record frequency of 1200 gigahertz, significantly improving the sensitivity of solid-state radar systems. This innovation enables Navy systems to detect small objects in cluttered environments, such as coastal zones.
Researchers have created a technique to measure the electrical characteristics of individual carbon nanotubes, confirming their potential in making small circuits and computer chips. The new method enables scientists to conduct electricity without heating up, addressing a major obstacle in producing smaller electronic components.
The Cellular Automata Machine (CAM) brain will be built under contract by Genobyte, a company in Boulder, Colorado. It will contain nearly 40 million artificial neurons, compared to the few hundred neurons used in most other specialists in artificial intelligence.
Utah researchers have developed a new class of magnetic-field sensors that will allow the future manufacturing of low-cost, high-volume, high-density memory devices. The MAGRAM memory cell uses magnetic fields to store data, offering nonvolatile storage without continuous power requirements.
Researchers at the University of Illinois discovered that binding proteins are crucial for initial wiring of the brain. Without them, axons misfire and route randomly, failing to interpret cues that guide their growth.
Researchers have found that cells in the developing limb provide a key signaling molecule that defines motor neuron identity. The study reveals that motor and sensory neurons express the same genes, suggesting a coordinating role for the target region in constructing proper connections within the spinal cord.
A new technique allows researchers to design materials with specific grain boundary structures, giving 'smart' characteristics. This could enable the creation of self-regulating superconductors that can switch off during power surges, improving chip quality and lifespan.
The Recodable Locking Device is a minuscule mechanical device that uses microelectromechanical system technology to create an extremely difficult-to-break code entry system. This device is designed to prevent unauthorized access to computer systems, making it virtually impossible for hackers to breach even the most secure networks.
Researchers at the University of Delaware developed a new technique to produce extremely thin alumina films with an electrical storage capacity three times greater than silicon dioxide. These films could potentially eliminate reliability problems in semiconducting circuits by storing more electricity and reducing current-blocking flaws.
Researchers at Purdue University are working on optimizing performance and efficiency in personal computers, enabling applications like more accurate weather predictions and safer cars. A compiler program called POLARIS automatically translates conventional programs to run on parallel processing computers, leading to faster speeds.
Researchers at ORNL are developing medical telesensors to measure vital signs such as body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse rate in combat zones. The sensors will transmit data wirelessly to remote receivers, enabling medics to quickly identify wounded soldiers and prioritize treatment.
A study led by Jackson Laboratory researcher Susan L. Ackerman identified a protein critical for brain development in mice, which may be linked to human disorders such as epilepsy and severe mental retardation. The research found that mutations in the rcm gene disrupt neuronal migration during brain development.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed 'Critters On A Chip,' a living sensor integrated circuit that detects pollutants and explosives. The bioluminescent bacteria emit a visible signal when exposed to targeted substances.
Newborn ferrets' brains develop visual abilities through internal patterns of electrical activity before birth, suggesting an interaction between nature and nurture in brain development. The study found that stimulating the optic nerves disrupted this process, leading to altered neural responses.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a simple and inexpensive process to equalize charge in rechargeable batteries, doubling their life. The technique uses capacitors and transistorized switching networks to shift charge among adjacent cells, balancing overall battery performance.
A University of Illinois professor and his students have developed a power-tracking circuit that maximizes electrical power-conversion process efficiency. The circuit automatically adjusts to provide maximum energy out of solar cells for various applications, including large home appliances.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology developed a novel experimental technique called Thermoiré to track circuit board warpage in real-time. This allows manufacturers to make design changes before production, reducing losses and increasing product reliability.
UB physicists have developed the first single-crystal, semiconducting nanomaterials that can bend without breaking. The new semiconductors retain structural integrity and optical properties, making them suitable for future advances in optical computing.
A comprehensive brain imaging study confirms subtle structural abnormalities in the brain circuit responsible for executive functions in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The study found smaller right hemisphere brain structures and abnormally symmetrical brains in boys with ADHD.