Articles tagged with Bacterial Genomes
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
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Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Dr. Moran's research focuses on the ecology and diversity of coastal bacteria, which influence sulfur emissions, carbon storage, and energy acquisition in marine surface waters and coastal marshes. The award supports her investigation into these processes, shedding light on global climate regulation.
The study reveals that methanotrophs, including M. capsulatus, have multiple pathways for using methane and can respond to environmental changes by switching between different chemical pathways. This flexibility could make them a valuable tool for reducing methane emissions.
Researchers have cracked the genetic code of B. mallei, a highly evolved pathogen that causes glanders, an infectious equine disease. The study reveals a tightly regulated set of virulence genes and genomic instability, which may explain why B. mallei can evade host immune responses.
A multidisciplinary team reports the first complete genome sequence of Methylococcus capsulatus, a methane-loving bacterium that can consume methane and produce protein. The genome provides insights into methanotroph biology and its potential for bioremediation, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and degrading pollutants.
Researchers analyzed and compared the genomes of 30 microorganisms, finding that two ancient prokaryotes combined their genomes to form the first eukaryote. This discovery sheds light on the evolutionary pathways of life, suggesting a 'ring of life' where eukaryotes originated from bacterial and extreme-microbe ancestors.
The study uses nearly 1000 SNPs to define the genetic and evolutionary types of several anthrax isolates, providing a critical step toward future detection of this potential public threat. The results also establish a model for other biothreat pathogens and common public health-related diseases.
A new study provides detailed insights into the genetic diversity of Group A Streptococcus (GAS) strains, revealing why some rapidly expand to cause epidemics. The research reveals previously unknown genetic distinctions in M3 strains of GAS.
Researchers discovered that bacteria have acquired a gene from animal immune systems, allowing them to evade host defenses. This finding has significant implications for vaccine development and our understanding of bacterial evolution.
Campbell's work on bacteriophage lambda demonstrated the relationship between its genome and host, leading to key findings in genetic and biochemical studies of site-specific recombination. His extensive contributions also include discovery of nonsense mutations, bacterial gene regulation, and microbial population dynamics research.
Campbell's groundbreaking research on bacteriophage lambda paved the way for studies on site-specific recombination and genome manipulation. His work has significantly advanced our understanding of microbial population dynamics and genome evolution.
Researchers have decoded the genome of Desulfovibrio vulgaris, a microbe responsible for microbially-influenced corrosion. The analysis provides insights into the microbe's capacity and flexibility to reduce metals, potentially leading to new methods for preventing corrosion and remediating metallic pollutants.
Researchers have discovered profound differences in the gene content of T. denticola, an oral pathogen associated with gum disease, compared to other spirochetes that cause syphilis and Lyme disease. The study's findings highlight the power of comparative genomics in understanding how related pathogens can cause different diseases.
Researchers developed 'Library on a Slide' technique to compare bacterial genomes, allowing for efficient identification of genes associated with biological processes. The method involves printing genomic DNA at high density onto a glass slide and uses fluorescently labelled probes to detect target genes.
Scientists have deciphered the genome of Wolbachia pientis wMel, a model bacterium that infects fruit flies. The study reveals the bacterium has accumulated more repetitive DNA than any other intracellular bacteria, with potential applications in developing new treatments for diseases such as dengue fever and lymphatic filariasis.
Researchers have sequenced the complete genome of Wolbachia pipientis, a parasitic bacterium that targets male hosts, providing new insights into its biology and evolution. The discovery has potential applications in controlling insect pests and human/animal filariasis.
A team of researchers found nearly complete genomes of two organisms in a microbial community from a hot, acidic solution, revealing clues about metabolic activity and speciation. The study sheds light on how bacteria function collectively in acid-adapted environments.
Researchers at UC Berkeley have sequenced the genomes of the most abundant members of a community of organisms in an abandoned mine, revealing four previously unknown genomes. This breakthrough in environmental genomics opens up new avenues for understanding microbial interactions and has significant implications for addressing acid mi...
Researchers have unraveled the complete genome sequence of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, a predatory bacterium that can degrade complex biopolymers in other bacteria. The study may lead to novel anti-microbial substances and the development of a 'living antibiotic' as a potential therapeutic agent.
Researchers have identified key genes and proteins involved in anthrax spore formation, revealing a complex process that involves the production of over 750 individual proteins. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular biology of anthrax and could lead to new vaccines and treatments.
The genome sequence of Rhodopseudomonas palustris reveals its metabolic versatility, including ability to produce hydrogen and degrade toxic compounds. The bacteria's unique genetic capabilities make it a promising candidate for biotechnology applications, such as biofuel production.
Researchers have decoded the genome of Geobacter sulfurreducens, a microorganism that can clean up uranium contamination by precipitating radionuclides and metals from groundwater. The discovery opens up new strategies for bioremediation and the potential to generate electricity through bio-batteries.
Researchers have deciphered the genome of Geobacter sulfurreducens, a microbe that can remove dissolved uranium from groundwater and generate electricity. The study reveals new capabilities, including enhanced electron transport and metal reduction genes.
A new hypothesis on the origin of 'junk' DNA proposes that smaller population sizes in eukaryotes lead to a weakening of natural selection's potency, allowing extraneous genetic sequences to accumulate. This theory suggests that genetic drift is responsible for preserving junk DNA and other extraneous genetic sequences in organisms.
Scientists have successfully synthesized a bacteriophage genome, paving the way for larger microbes to consume CO2 and pollutants. The Institute for Biological Energy Alternatives aims to harness microbiomes to produce fuels and reduce atmospheric carbon emissions.
The University of Minnesota has received a grant to sequence the complete genome of Arthrobacter aurescens, a soil bacterium that can break down environmental pollutants. The project aims to gain tools, such as genes and enzymes, to clean up contaminated environments.
A new approach to analyzing bacterial genomes has enabled the reconstruction of evolutionary events and the diversification of bacterial species over a billion years. This method uses gene indicators to chart the structure and substance of genomes, providing valuable insights into genomic evolution.
The sequenced genome of Pseudomonas syringae provides a blueprint for understanding its virulence and pathogenesis, shedding light on the complex mechanisms behind bacterial disease
The sequencing of Pseudomonas syringae genome will help scientists understand how bacteria adapt to host organisms, enabling the development of new therapies. The genome also reveals commonalities between plant and animal pathogens.
A team led by UC Riverside geneticist Dr. Close will deliver advanced information and material resources for barley genomics, aiming to make the barley genome accessible to everyone. The four-year project focuses on accessing expressed genes in Triticeae genomes using reliable methods.
Researchers from The Institute of Genomic Research sequenced B. anthracis genome to improve vaccine design and drug development. Despite similarities with closely related bacteria, the study found unique genes giving B. anthracis its ability to thrive on protein-rich matter.
Researchers have deciphered the genome of Bacillus anthracis, a deadly soil bacterium that has been weaponized as a biowarfare agent. The analysis reveals that the bacterium's virulence is linked to specific genes and plasmids that enable it to thrive in environments rich in protein.
A new study by The Institute for Genomic Research found close similarity among the DNA sequences of Chlamydiae pathogens, including C. trachomatis, C. pneumoniae, and C. muridarum, which cause human diseases such as blindness and pneumonia. Nearly 800 genes discovered in C. caviae were also found in these other bacteria.
The study reveals a vast array of genomic diversity among the ten newly isolated phages, with varying genome lengths and unexpected similarities to bacterial genomes. This discovery challenges traditional classification systems and raises questions about the role of bacteriophages in evolution.
The study found that nearly a third of the E. faecalis genome consists of mobile or 'foreign' DNA, which plays a crucial role in helping the bacterium develop drug resistance. The analysis identified two sites in the genome related to vancomycin resistance, including a novel transposon carrying vanB resistance genes.
A comprehensive analysis of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron reveals its ability to process nutrients and forge a beneficial alliance with its host, providing new insights into human physiology and potential therapeutic strategies.
The irrE gene plays a crucial role in D. radiodurans' ability to withstand extreme radiation levels, and its regulation may be linked to DNA repair mechanisms. Understanding the gene's function could lead to breakthroughs in human cancer prevention and nuclear waste cleanup.
A recent study discovered a distantly similar gene called ros in puffer fish, suggesting that Agrobacterium may have originated from a marine source. The discovery was made by investigating the evolutionary origin of genes associated with bacterial virulence and found homologs of the ros gene in both marine microorganisms and sea squirts.
The genome analysis reveals complex metabolism and diverse pathways, including aromatic compound breakdown and novel transport capabilities. P. putida has great potential for bioremediation, promoting plant growth, and fighting plant diseases.
Researchers analyzed genomes of five bacteria to understand how photosynthesis evolved, finding evidence of horizontal gene transfer and the merging of evolutionary lines. The study sheds light on the origins of complex metabolic pathways and may inspire human-directed biodesign.
Researchers identified key genes and metabolic pathways to differentiate the bacterium from related species, shedding light on its unique biology and slow growth rate.
The genome sequence of Shewanella oneidensis reveals its ability to remove toxic metals like chromium and uranium from the environment. Scientists have discovered a new bacterial phage that may enable genetic manipulation of Shewanella for specific bioremediation projects.
The complete genome sequence of B. suis reveals fundamental similarities with Brucella melitensis, a related species that causes similar disease in goats and humans. The study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms enabling closely-related species to target different host animals.
The study found numerous differences among isolates of S. agalactiae, suggesting the pathogen's ability to adapt and emerge as a major human pathogen. The researchers identified genes unique to S. agalactiae that likely play a role in colonization or disease.
The Harvard Medical School consortium aims to engineer microorganisms to handle hazardous chemical waste and produce energy sources. By studying the unique interactions of their proteins and interrelationships with their environments, scientists will develop cost-effective ways to clean up pollution and advance biological-based energy.
A new DNA-based technology detects bacteria in water and food in just one to three hours, outperforming current methods. The system uses unique 'fingerprints' from bacterial DNA sequences to identify strains, enabling accurate comparison and protection against terrorist contamination.
A team of microbiologists has found that the bacterium Geobacter metallireducens can locate and home in on its metal food source using a built-in sensor. The bacteria can also grow flagella to swim towards the metal, allowing it to thrive in environments where other microorganisms cannot.
A University of Toronto geneticist has discovered a process to clarify the relationship between bacterial pathogens and their plant hosts. By developing a functional screen, Professor David Guttman identified more type III effectors in plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae than in any other animal or plant pathogen.
Researchers found diverse bacterial photosynthetic genes in ocean plankton, actively harnessing energy from light, revealing new types of phototrophs. This discovery has significant implications for oceanic food web models and global carbon budget management.
Researchers have identified 156 probable membrane proteins that could serve as new drug targets to combat antibiotic-resistant salmonella. The study also revealed two previously unknown gene clusters required for producing hair-like strands on the bacteria's surface.
The NIAID has awarded a $9 million grant to Celera to rapidly sequence the Anopheles mosquito genome. This initiative will provide scientists with a unique opportunity to study the natural history of malaria by analyzing and comparing the genomes of mosquitoes, humans, and Plasmodium falciparum parasites.
Researchers have decoded the genome of Sinorhizobium meliloti, a bacterium that fixes atmospheric nitrogen for plants. The complete genome map could improve crop yields while reducing fertilizer use, contributing to more sustainable agriculture.
The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) has completed the genome sequence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a bacterium that causes serious infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media. The study provides valuable insights into the bacterium's virulence factors and potential drug targets.
The complete genome of pneumococcus has been sequenced, revealing its genetic makeup and potential applications in treating the bacterium. The newly released genome contains 2,326 sequenced genes, providing a comprehensive model for researchers to study its virulence and develop new therapies.
A newly completed genomic sequence of E. coli O157:H7 reveals how these bacteria are armed with a wide range of genes that trigger illness. The study found large-scale genetic changes, including the ability for viruses to introduce virulent genes, making it harder to control public health threats.
The Joint Genome Institute (JGI) has produced high-quality draft sequences of 15 bacterial genomes in under a month, representing diverse organisms and a new approach to sequencing microbes. This data will be publicly available, providing scientists with immediate access to essential information for research.
Researchers have sequenced the Ureaplasma urealyticum genome, revealing a novel metabolic system and 652 genes with unknown functions. The discovery will aid in understanding how the bacterium causes disease and may lead to better treatments.
The E. coli genome, consisting of 4,639,221 base pairs, has been fully sequenced, revealing 1,333 known genes and 1,000 unknown functions. The completion of the genome paves the way for a similar analysis of human DNA.