Rhodopsin phototrophy promotes bacterial survival
A new photoprotein, proteorhodopsin, allows marine bacteria to harness sunlight energy and survive periods of starvation. This process enhances their survival in nutrient-depleted ocean environments.
Bacterial Genomes
Articles tagged with Bacterial Genomes
Genomes of citrus canker pathogens decoded
The study provides genomic information that suggests possible intervention targets for further experimental investigation. The genome sequences of the two new bacterial strains will help researchers zero in on the molecular basis of citrus canker, shedding light on why one strain is more virulent than its counterparts.
Student research team sequences genome of bacterium discovered in Virginia Tech garden
A team of Virginia Tech students sequenced the genome of a previously unknown bacterium isolated from the university's garden. The nonpathogenic strain belongs to Pseudomonas syringae and has similarities to closely related pathogens, offering insights into disease mechanisms and potential for controlling devastating diseases like snap...
From alpaca to zebra finch -- a decade of cataloguing life's diversity
The Ensembl project has successfully catalogued the genetic diversity of over 50 species, including the zebra finch. The genomic annotation system enabled researchers to identify genes expressed in the zebra finch brain responsible for vocalising messages.
Breaking the aphid's code
The sequencing of the pea aphid genome uncovers extensive collaboration between the insect and its bacterial symbiont. This study has significant implications for understanding aphid biology and its impact on food supply and pesticide use.
Gene regulation: Can we stomach it?
Researchers have identified 60 small RNA particles (sRNAs) in Helicobacter pylori, a surprising finding given the pathogen's previously thought lack of sRNAs. The discovery could provide new insights into gene regulation and potentially lead to the development of a vaccine against H. pylori.
Aphid's genome generates exciting questions
The pea aphid's genome, sequenced by the International Aphid Genomics Consortium, has generated exciting questions about its symbiotic relationship with bacteria and its impact on agriculture. The genome's 35,000 genes suggest a complex life cycle with multiple adaptations to different environments.
Tracking MRSA evolution and transmission
Researchers developed a new method to precisely track MRSA transmission in hospitals, enabling understanding of strain spread and leading to novel infection control strategies. The team used DNA sequencing technologies to compare individual isolates and identify genetic relatedness.
Sequencing wasp genome sheds new light on sexual parasite
The study reveals how Wolbachia manipulates the sex lives of its hosts, favoring female offspring to spread the infection. This knowledge could lead to more effective ways to fight human diseases spread by insects like malaria and dengue fever.
Genome of parasitic wasps released
Scientists have decoded the genome of Nasonia, a parasitic wasp that eliminates agricultural pests by infesting fly pupae. The study reveals insights into the wasp's ability to prevent host death and its potential for genetic engineering to improve biological pest control.
Opening new frontiers: First volume of microbial encyclopedia published
The Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea (GEBA) project explores the vast unknown realm of microbes, sequencing genomes to advance discovery science. The initial volume reveals novel enzymes and biochemical pathways, shedding light on complex microbial processes and their role in biofuels production and bioremediation.
New insights into the physiology of cockroaches
A study by scientists from the University of Valencia has shown that cockroaches eliminate excess nitrogen by excreting ammonia, unlike most terrestrial insects. The research suggests an evolutionary convergence between cockroaches and ants, arriving at similar metabolic solutions through their associations with endosymbionts.
Genomic research will enable greener cleanup of military explosive test sites
A $3.45 million project is studying how bacteria degrade RDX and determining its potential for bioremediation. Bacteria like Rhodococcus and Gordonia have evolved to thrive on the contaminants left behind by high-energy compounds.
Genomes of 2 popular research strains of E. coli sequenced
The genomes of two popular E. coli laboratory strains, K-12 and B, have been sequenced for the first time, revealing their genetic similarities and differences. The study provides valuable information on the evolutionary mechanisms that produced these differences and will guide future research in basic molecular biology and genetics.
Time in a bottle: Scientists watch evolution unfold
A Michigan State University experiment has watched the emergence of natural selection over 40,000 generations, providing insights into genome evolution and adaptation. The study's findings have implications for biotechnology and cancer research, revealing complex relationships between genetic mutations and environmental pressures.
TraDIS technique tackles typhoid
Researchers used a novel high-throughput analysis technique to study every gene in Salmonella Typhi, revealing that only 356 genes are necessary for its survival. The TraDIS method has the potential to accelerate the discovery of new targets for treatment and improve our understanding of bacterial disease.
Researchers identify workings of L-form bacteria
A study published in PLoS ONE identifies the genetic mechanisms behind L-form bacteria formation and survival. Researchers found that three groups of mutants with varying degrees of defect in L-form growth were linked to pathways related to cell envelope stress, DNA repair, iron regulation, and outer membrane biogenesis.
Light shed on the secret behind probiotic bacteria promoting health
Researchers from the University of Helsinki have shed light on the origin of probiotic mechanisms, promoting product development in the food industry. The study found that LGG probiotics have a fundamental role in binding with human intestinal mucus, enabling health-promoting effects.
C. difficile hypervirulence genes identified
Researchers discovered unique genetic regions in the most virulent C. difficile strain, which may explain its increased severity and persistence. The study provides a new opportunity to understand the emergence of this deadly superbug.
'Evolutionary forecasting' for drug resistance
Rice University biochemists are developing a system of 'evolutionary forecasting' to better understand the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. By sequencing genomes and analyzing molecular changes, they hope to identify patterns and rules governing how bacteria evolve to become drug-resistant.
New genomic model defines microbes by diet -- provides tool for tracking environmental change
A new genomic model defines microorganisms by their dietary habits, providing a tool for tracking environmental changes. The researchers analyzed the genomes of two bacteria with distinct lifestyles and developed a predictive model that successfully identified the habitats of dozens of bacterial samples.
SourceDOE/Joint Genome Institute·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateSep 7, 2009
Genomes reveal bacterial lifestyles: Research
Researchers discovered genetic differences between two ocean bacteria, one thriving in nutrient-rich waters and the other in poor-nutrient waters, reflecting their distinct lifestyles.
SourceUniversity of New South Wales·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateSep 7, 2009
Anthrax bacteria conspire with viruses to stay alive
Researchers at Rockefeller University discovered that Bacillus anthracis forms a symbiotic relationship with viruses to survive and thrive. The viruses alter the lifestyle of the bacteria, influencing its ability to produce spores and form communities.
Magnetic microbe genome attracting attention for biotech research
Scientists have sequenced the genome of magnetotactic bacteria, revealing common gene clusters and a key to unlocking new technologies. The study could accelerate biotechnology and nanotechnology research with applications in electromagnetic tapes, drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, and cell separation.
Researchers rapidly turn bacteria into biotech factories
A team of researchers has developed a new cell programming method called MAGE, which enables rapid refinement of bacterial genomes. By editing multiple genes in parallel, the researchers transformed E. coli cells into efficient factories that produce a desired compound in just three days.
71 projects fill DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 pipeline
The DOE JGI has selected 71 new genomic sequencing projects for its 2010 Community Sequencing Program, focused on bioenergy, climate, and environmental applications. The program aims to improve the clean energy pathways and understanding of the global carbon cycle.
Scientists sequence genome of the N2-fixing, soil-living bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii
The completed genome sequence of Azotobacter vinelandii reveals unique features that enable the bacteria to fix nitrogen in the presence of oxygen. The research provides new prospects for the production and characterization of oxygen-sensitive proteins through genetic approaches.
Plant microbe shares features with drug-resistant pathogen
A study found similarities between a plant-dwelling bacterium and a hospital-resident pathogen, highlighting potential risks of using the former for biotech applications. The research suggests caution in using this strain due to its antibiotic resistance and ability to form biofilms.
P[acman]-generated fruit fly gene 'library': A new research tool
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have created a comprehensive library of clones covering most of the Drosophila melanogaster genome using the P[acman] tool. This new resource enables scientists to study large chunks of DNA in living flies, facilitating genetic research and discovery.
Integrated microbial genomes expert review goes primetime
The DOE JGI's Expert Review system enhances annotation quality in microbial genomes, correcting errors and improving function annotations. Researchers can access the system to review genome annotations and contribute to advancing bioenergy research and biogeochemistry.
Evolutionary origin of bacterial chromosomes revealed
Researchers discovered that second chromosomes in bacteria are formed from plasmids, challenging current understanding of genome evolution. The study provides a general model for how multichromosomal architectures evolved in the Rhizobiaceae family.
Gene exchange common among sex-manipulating bacteria
Researchers at Uppsala University mapped the genome of a bacterium that manipulates insect sex ratios, revealing high frequencies of gene exchange within this group. The study's findings may lead to development of eco-friendly pesticides using these bacteria.
New technique used to profile anthrax genome
Scientists at Georgia Institute of Technology developed a new approach using RNA-Seq to comprehensively define the transcriptome of Bacillus anthracis. This technique provides a more detailed view of how bacteria regulate their gene expression, allowing for improved tasks like antibiotic discovery and microbial engineering.
Aphids borrowed bacterial genes to play host
Research published in BMC Biology reveals that aphids acquired symbiotic genes from another species of bacteria via lateral gene transfer. The association between aphids and Buchnera is over 100 million years old and has evolved so that neither the bacteria nor the host can reproduce without the other.
Genetic adaptations key to microbe's survival in challenging environment
A study published in PLOS Genetics has found that the genetic adaptation rgy plays a crucial role in allowing the deep-sea bacterium Nautilia profundicola to survive rapid temperature fluctuations. The bacteria's genome also revealed genes necessary for growth and sensing environmental conditions.
Genetic adaptations are key to microbe's survival in challenging environment
Researchers uncover genetic adaptations in Nautilia profundicola, a microbe thriving near deep-sea vents. These adaptations include genes for temperature fluctuations and nitrate assimilation, aiding the bacterium's survival in extreme conditions.
Comparative genomics reveals molecular evolution of Q fever pathogen
Researchers compared four different strains of Coxiella burnetii to build a comprehensive picture of its genetic architecture and content. They found that strain virulence was associated with a smaller genome and the loss of genes, possibly due to pseudogene formation.
New computational technique allows comparison of whole genomes as easily as whole books
Researchers have developed a new method for comparing whole genome sequences, revealing new genetic relationships and surprising discoveries. This technique can compare entire genomes, not just selected genes, and has classified previously enigmatic bacteria and viruses.
SourceUniversity of California - Berkeley·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 28, 2009
Genes involved in antibiotic resistance vary within a species
A study found that variations within Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria can affect its response to antibiotics, highlighting the need for targeted therapy in infectious disease. The analysis of six genomes revealed unique sets of genes among isolates, with some genes shared but others specific to different subsets.
Diatom genome helps explain success in trapping excess carbon in oceans
The diatom genome provides insights into its ability to trap excess carbon in oceans, potentially reversing climate damage. The study suggests that diatoms can convert fat into sugar and store nitrogen, making them a key player in the ocean's carbon cycle.
Bold traveler's journey toward the center of the Earth
Researchers found a unique microorganism, Desulforudis audaxviator, living in complete isolation with no sunlight, oxygen, and extreme heat. The bacterium survives by harnessing energy from hydrogen and sulfate produced by radioactive decay of uranium, and has a remarkable genome with 2,157 protein-coding genes.
Cyanobacterium sequenced features rare linear chromosome
Researchers sequenced the genome of Cyanobacterium ATCC 51142, revealing a rare linear chromosome containing genes for pyruvate metabolism. The discovery provides a framework for understanding this organism's ability to produce lactate and other compounds.
SourceWashington University in St. Louis·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateSep 15, 2008
DOE JGI extends the capabilities of the Integrated Microbial Genome System
The U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute has updated the Integrated Microbial Genome System with new microbial genomes, improving its capabilities for analyzing metagenomic data. The system now includes tools for exploring gene cassettes conservation and examining functional annotation of genomes.
Defining DNA differences to track and tackle typhoid
A new study uses next-generation DNA sequencing to uncover genetic signatures of typhoid fever, allowing for improved diagnosis, tracking of disease spread, and potential design of new vaccines. The technology also enables researchers to identify individual organisms causing outbreaks and target vaccination campaigns more effectively.
Can microorganisms be a solution to the world's energy problems?
Recent advancements in genome technologies and molecular-biology techniques offer new hope for microbial bioenergy applications. Microbes can convert biomass into useful energy forms, such as methane, hydrogen, or electricity, and capture sunlight to produce liquid fuels.
Texas A&M researchers develop tool to study complex clusters of genes
Researchers at Texas A&M University have developed a computational tool to study complex units of clustered genes called operons in bacteria. The tool allows scientists to analyze many bacterial genomes at once and is more accurate than previous methods.
Potential treatments from cryptic genes
Scientists have discovered two novel compounds produced by soil bacteria that show promise in combating MRSA infections and cancer. The breakthroughs come after years of genome mining, which identifies pathways to produce new compounds from microbial DNA sequences.
A common aquatic animal's genome can capture foreign DNA
Scientists at Harvard University have discovered that bdelloid rotifers can capture and incorporate genetic material from plants, fungi, bacteria, and animals into their genomes. This finding challenges traditional notions of sexual reproduction and may provide insight into the animals' ability to adapt to new environments.
No sex, but plenty of gene transfer
Bdelloid rotifers acquire genes from bacteria, fungi, and plants through environmental DNA incorporation. This process may contribute to their speciation and adaptability.
Escalating arms race between virus and host pits shuffling viruses against microbial silencers
Researchers documented the arms race within viral and host genes, showing viruses shuffling DNA to evade RNA silencers. This study sheds light on constant warfare between viruses and microbes, with economic impacts on industries using microbe cultures.
BWF awards $11.2 million to support physician-scientists
The Burroughs Wellcome Fund has awarded $11.2 million to 15 physician-scientists in recognition of their outstanding contributions to medical research. The Career Awards for Medical Scientists program supports early-career investigators as they transition from mentored positions to independent research careers.
An ancient protein balances gene activity and silences foreign DNA in bacteria
A new study reveals that the ancient protein Rho serves a regulatory function in E. coli, maintaining boundaries between genes and silencing toxic foreign DNA acquired through gene swapping. This finding provides insights into bacterial genome organization and suggests potential applications in antibiotic development.
Deep sea methane scavengers captured
Researchers successfully isolated and sequenced the genome of syntrophic microorganisms that oxidize methane anaerobically. They discovered new bacterial partners and found genes responsible for nitrogen fixation, which may enhance their metabolic versatility. These findings provide insights into the global carbon cycle and climate.
Superbug genome sequenced
The genome of Steno, a newly emerging superbug, has been sequenced, revealing an organism with exceptional drug resistance. Understanding its genetic makeup may help researchers develop biochemical compounds to combat this resistance.
Scientists reveal evolutionary intricacies of Rickettsia pathogens
Researchers analyzed genomic data to reveal the evolution of rickettsial genomes and their diversity. The study provides an ideal resource for developing vaccines, diagnostics, and therapeutics for Rickettsia diseases.
Scientists develop strategy to rapidly describe outbreak strains with next-generation DNA sequencing
Researchers developed a comparative genomics strategy to rapidly describe outbreak strains using next-generation DNA sequencing technology. This approach enables the identification of unique genetic properties of a potential outbreak strain in a matter of weeks, potentially saving time during emergency responses.
Ant guts could pave the way for better drugs
Scientists have discovered two proteins that guide pathogenic bacteria's outer shell development, paving the way for new antibiotic targets. Researchers aim to create small molecule inhibitors to disable this mechanism, potentially leading to effective treatments against E. coli and salmonella.
On the trail of rogue genetically modified pathogens
A new genomics tool identifies artificial vector sequences by clustering shared DNA regions, allowing for high sensitivity and specificity in detecting engineered pathogens. The tool's potential is being explored to combat malicious genetic engineering applications.
New bacteria contaminate hairspray
Scientists have identified a new species of bacteria called Microbacterium hatanonis that contaminates hairspray, similar to previously found bacteria in human infections.
SourceMicrobiology Society·JournalINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY·DateMar 7, 2008
Viruses evolve to play by host rules, according to University of Pennsylvania researchers
Researchers found that viruses evolve to spell their genes in the same way as their bacterial hosts, demonstrating co-evolutionary behavior. The study also revealed that regions of high codon bias in viral genomes coincide with structural protein encoding, reflecting a selection for optimized protein production.