Articles tagged with Bacterial Genomes
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
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Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have discovered an RNA-based complex that guides a DNA-cutting enzyme to specific sites, enabling easy customization for laboratory applications. This breakthrough could revolutionize genome editing and gene function studies, offering a powerful tool for biotechnology efforts.
Researchers have discovered a new and effective means of editing genomes, revolutionizing the field of genomics. By programming RNA to direct protein cleavage at specific nucleotide sequences, scientists can now edit DNA with unprecedented precision.
A study published in PNAS found two distinct strains of Vibrio cholerae bacteria that may have contributed to the 2010 Haitian cholera outbreak. The genomic diversity of Haitian isolates revealed significant complexity and relationship to past epidemics.
The Human Microbiome Project found that the human body contains trillions of microorganisms, contributing millions of unique protein-coding genes. These microbes play a vital role in human health, enabling digestion and absorption of nutrients, and producing beneficial compounds.
Stephen J. Giovannoni receives the USFCC/J. Roger Porter Award for his contributions to microbial biodiversity and ecosystem research, particularly in the fields of marine microbiology and SAR11 clade discovery.
Researchers identified novel biomarkers in rat feces after radiation exposure, which persisted for at least 21 days. These findings hold promise for rapid, accurate diagnosis of radiation exposure, enabling timely resource allocation for patients in need of intervention.
Researchers found that bacteria have a 'risk management' strategy to control mutation rate in key genes, decreasing the risk of detrimental mutations. The study provides insights into how disease-causing mutations arise and may be involved in cancer development.
Researchers found that gene sweeps can sweep through populations on their own, similar to sexual eukaryotes. This suggests a unified method of evolution for prokaryotes and eukaryotes, challenging traditional views of species classification.
A study by IRB Barcelona analyzed tRNA genes in over 500 species, revealing that enzyme activity adapted genome structures to specific codon recognition. This discovery explains the separation of Bacteria, eukaryotes, and archaea genomes and has implications for biotechnology and cancer research.
J. Craig Venter discussed his team's progress on major projects, including developing new synthetic cells and engineering genomes to produce biofuels, vaccines, clean water, food and other products. He also described his work in sequencing the human genome and studying the human microbiome.
A highly targeted bactericidal protein against the life-threatening foodborne E. coli O104 strain was rapidly created, demonstrating its ability to specifically bind and kill tested E. coli strains that produce the O104 lipopolysaccharide antigen.
A devastating bird disease caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum has spread rapidly across North America, with the bacteria evolving at a faster rate than previously estimated. The microbe has lost over 50 genes, including those that make up its immune system, since making the switch to its new host.
A genetic study found that pneumococcus bacteria can evade vaccines by swapping genome regions, making them invisible to the vaccine. The exchange of genome regions occurred through recombination, allowing the bacteria to quickly adapt and develop resistance.
Researchers at UT-ORNL discovered that aquatic bacteria made the transition to land approximately 400 million years ago, rather than 2 billion years earlier. This finding has significant implications for bioenergy research, particularly in the development of cellulolytic enzymes for efficient plant growth and bioethanol production.
Researchers have provided the first ever map of the genes that determine how bacteria interact with their surrounding environment. The study reveals critical genetic secrets of a bacterium that holds potential for removing toxic and radioactive waste from the environment.
A NYU dental research team is using a $2.2 million NIH grant to analyze bacterial samples and identify strains of Lactobacilli contributing to severe early childhood caries. The study aims to develop a diagnostic test to identify children at risk.
A research team has sequenced the genome of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato to understand how it evades plant defenses and develop methods to prevent further spread. The study found that the pathogen likely evolved on a recent time scale and continues to adapt by minimizing its recognition, posing a threat to biosecurity.
Researchers found a vast network of recent gene exchange connecting bacteria from around the world, exchanging 10,000 unique genes via horizontal gene transfer. This exchange is linked to human disease and antibiotic resistance, with 60% of transfers including antibiotic-resistance genes.
Researchers discovered a bacterium that targets and kills specific pathogens, making it a potential living antibiotic. This 'vampire' bacteria can survive only by drawing nutrients from prey bacteria, killing them in the process.
Washington University in St. Louis has been awarded a $2.2 million US Department of Energy grant to create a fuel-producing cyanobacterium using systems biology and synthetic biology approaches. The project aims to develop a novel organism that can efficiently produce fuels from sunlight, water, and CO2.
Researchers identified a novel mechanism by which Burkholderia pseudomallei develops resistance to ceftazidime, making it difficult to detect. The study found that genetic mutations lead to the production of a protein important for bacterial cell division, rendering the drug ineffective.
A breakthrough allows scientists to assemble virtually complete genomes from DNA extracted from a single bacterial cell. This opens the door to sequencing bacteria that cannot be cultured in the lab, including those living on the planet's surface and within human bodies.
Researchers at Uppsala University have identified a rare, previously unknown group of bacteria that could be the origin of mitochondria. The study suggests that these bacteria evolved from ocean- and earth-dwelling bacteria with larger genomes, explaining their success in global carbon cycles.
Researchers deciphered the sparse genome of segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), a key player in regulating the immune system of mice. The study suggests SFB is genetically distinct from other bacterial genomes, with a unique role in promoting immune responses that protect against infection but also spur inflammation.
Researchers discovered a specific type of bacteria capturing carbon dioxide in the 'twilight zone' of the ocean, a region thought to be inhospitable for photosynthesis. The study provides new insights into the dark ocean's carbon cycle and challenges previous assumptions about the role of Archaea.
A Stanford team cataloged the bacterial genome's essential elements, revealing 12% crucial for survival. The researchers used an efficient new method to map the genome and identify 480 protein-coding genes, 402 promoter regions, and 130 non-coding segments of unknown function.
A recent study has traced the source of the current cholera pandemic to an ancestor that first appeared in the Bay of Bengal 40 years ago. The analysis reveals that the bacterium's genetic region SXT acquired around 1982, triggering global transmission from this original source.
Researchers sequenced the genomes of mealybug-dwelling bacteria, revealing a level of molecular integration between species that has never been seen. The study found that the bacteria have evolved to trade metabolites and enzymes to produce essential amino acids, with one genome shrinking to its smallest ever described size.
University of New Hampshire researchers, led by Bradley Moore, found genetic structures in Frankia that resemble valuable natural product categories. The study reveals the potential for Frankia to produce antibiotics, herbicides, and other useful compounds, offering a new area of exploration for natural product drug discovery.
J. Craig Venter will receive the Dickson Prize in Medicine for his groundbreaking contributions to human genome mapping and synthetic biology, including the completion of the first draft of the human genome and construction of a synthetic bacterium. The award recognizes his innovative work as a scientist, researcher, and entrepreneur.
A team of researchers led by Dr. David Rasko analyzed the genomic data of the German E. coli outbreak strain, revealing it was a unique combination of enteroaggregative and enterohemorrhagic E. coli subtypes. The analysis provided critical information for treating infected patients and tracing the source of the pathogen.
Researchers discovered that mitochondria share a common ancestral lineage with SAR11, a dominant group of marine bacteria. The study provides evidence for the symbiotic origins of mitochondria and sheds light on the metabolic potential of these abundant microorganisms.
Researchers have sequenced the genome of Lactobacillus reuteri, a gut bacterium that has evolved unique adaptations to specific hosts. The study provides new insights into how bacteria establish and maintain mutually beneficial relationships with their hosts.
Researchers identified nine environmental E. coli strains indistinguishable from typical E. coli but potentially not representative of true environmental hazards. The findings suggest the need for a new culture-independent, genome-based coliform test to accurately detect non-hazardous environmental types of E. coli.
Researchers have developed a computational model to clearly identify significant genome variations, which will aid in understanding the impact of such variations on cell functions and treatment outcomes. The approach was tested using Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterium responsible for hospital-acquired infections, and showed promising ...
A new study published in Nature suggests that biodiversity can evolve in complex environments where previously thought to be impossible. Researchers found that both 'fit' and 'unfit' species can coexist indefinitely due to trade-offs between growth rate and efficiency.
Scientists have sequenced the genome of a novel form of Clostridium botulinum, which produces an unusual neurotoxin that poses a similar threat to other strains. The complete genome sequence has been deposited in EMBL/Genbank, providing valuable insights into the organism's structure and potential implications for food safety.
Researchers used whole genome sequencing to analyze TB bacterial samples from 41 patients. The study found that the outbreak was caused by bursts of transmission, rather than chains of infection.
A new study has identified the precise steps in the molecular evolution of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a major threat to global health. The research reveals that the bacterium's genetic makeup has undergone significant changes, with a likely birthplace in Europe and widespread spread across the globe.
A mechanical device that operates in the quantum realm has been developed by researchers from the University of California at Santa Barbara. This innovation extends quantum mechanics into a whole new realm and opens up possibilities for controlling light, electrical currents, and motion.
Scientists discovered CRISPR/Cas, a bacterial immune system that protects against foreign DNA invasions. The system may help prevent antibiotic resistance in certain bacteria, benefiting industries like yogurt and probiotics.
Scientists supported by the National Institutes of Health have determined the complete genetic blueprints for 13 different strains of Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria that cause Lyme disease. The new genetic data will help develop improved ways to diagnose and treat the disease.
Julie Dunning Hotopp, a UM School of Medicine Institute for Genome Sciences researcher, received a $2.5 million award from the National Institutes of Health's New Innovator program. She will study DNA transfers between the microbiome and the human genome to understand how certain infections can lead to cancer years later.
Researchers at Vetmeduni Vienna identified a novel mechanism by which Mycoplasma agalactiae switches its surface protein genes. The so-called phase variation is caused by alterations in short DNA sequences controlled by an enzyme called recombinase. This process enables the organism to avoid host defense mechanisms during infection.
Researchers successfully reshaped the gut microbiome of rats, inducing long-term changes that could lead to new treatments for intestinal diseases. The study found that transplantation alone was sufficient to introduce new species into the intestinal microbial composition.
A large-scale genetic study identified key genetic markers linked to developing meningococcal meningitis and septicaemia. The research suggests innate differences in natural defences leave individuals vulnerable to the bacteria.
Scientists used genome mining to discover a novel antibiotic in Streptomyces coelicolor, effective against several bacterial strains. The approach also unlocks potential for discovering new antimicrobials and antitumor agents from other micro-organisms.
A multi-institutional team has sequenced the human body louse genome, revealing its unique characteristics and potential applications in understanding lice-borne diseases. The tiny parasite's pared-down genetic profile makes it an attractive organism for studying resistance to insecticides.
Researchers have sequenced the genome of an Amerindian strain of Helicobacter pylori, revealing insights into its evolution and migration to the New World. The study highlights the importance of specific genes in inducing inflammation and disease, with a key role for a cytotoxin-associated gene known as cagA.
The study successfully sequenced the genome of Pseudomonas savastanoi, a pathogenic bacteria causing tuberculosis in olive trees. This achievement paves the way for identifying genes responsible for virulence and developing targeted strategies to combat the disease.
Researchers successfully created a bacterial cell with a synthetic genome, paving the way for designing bacteria for biofuel production and environmental cleanup. The new method uses a combination of chemical synthesis and genetic engineering to create a 'synthetic cell' that can be controlled by a human-made genome.
Researchers have identified a range of bacterial genes that help explain how certain microbes increase plant growth by up to 40%. These genes provide benefits for plants, including drought resistance, antimicrobial agents, and phytohormones, and are directly dependent on plant-synthesized sugars.
A new photoprotein, proteorhodopsin, allows marine bacteria to harness sunlight energy and survive periods of starvation. This process enhances their survival in nutrient-depleted ocean environments.
The study provides genomic information that suggests possible intervention targets for further experimental investigation. The genome sequences of the two new bacterial strains will help researchers zero in on the molecular basis of citrus canker, shedding light on why one strain is more virulent than its counterparts.
A team of Virginia Tech students sequenced the genome of a previously unknown bacterium isolated from the university's garden. The nonpathogenic strain belongs to Pseudomonas syringae and has similarities to closely related pathogens, offering insights into disease mechanisms and potential for controlling devastating diseases like snap...
The Ensembl project has successfully catalogued the genetic diversity of over 50 species, including the zebra finch. The genomic annotation system enabled researchers to identify genes expressed in the zebra finch brain responsible for vocalising messages.
The sequencing of the pea aphid genome uncovers extensive collaboration between the insect and its bacterial symbiont. This study has significant implications for understanding aphid biology and its impact on food supply and pesticide use.
Researchers have identified 60 small RNA particles (sRNAs) in Helicobacter pylori, a surprising finding given the pathogen's previously thought lack of sRNAs. The discovery could provide new insights into gene regulation and potentially lead to the development of a vaccine against H. pylori.
The pea aphid's genome, sequenced by the International Aphid Genomics Consortium, has generated exciting questions about its symbiotic relationship with bacteria and its impact on agriculture. The genome's 35,000 genes suggest a complex life cycle with multiple adaptations to different environments.
Researchers developed a new method to precisely track MRSA transmission in hospitals, enabling understanding of strain spread and leading to novel infection control strategies. The team used DNA sequencing technologies to compare individual isolates and identify genetic relatedness.