Analysis by Indiana University School of Medicine researchers resulted in changes to American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for diagnosing and treating initial urinary tract infections in infants and toddlers. The new guidelines argue against exposing young children to painful radiologic tests and prescribing prophylactic antibiotic...
Researchers recommend low-salt diets, exercise, and weight loss as primary treatments for hypertension. Alternative options like Coenzyme Q10, potassium supplements, and devices like RESPeRATE and Zona Plus may also be effective in managing blood pressure.
Japan has seen a recent decline in mortality rates for adult men and women, falling behind countries like Sweden, Italy, and Australia. The main explanations for this trend include high tobacco consumption, rising body mass index, and increasing suicide rates.
Scientists have created new tests to identify the source of emerging designer drugs, such as 'bath salts' and synthetic cannabinoids. The tests use isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) to trace the production of these substances, which can cause euphoria, paranoia, and hallucinations.
The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite has compiled rainfall total maps for Hurricane Irene, showing the eastern US was hit with extreme rainfall. The heaviest rainfalls were recorded in North Carolina and northeastern states, causing widespread flooding and damage.
A study by the CDC found that rotavirus vaccination in infants reduces hospitalizations for severe diarrhea in older children and adults. The study, published in The Journal of Infectious Diseases, shows that vaccinating infants can indirectly prevent serious disease in unvaccinated groups.
A new study conducted by Duke University Medical Center researchers found that inserting intra-aortic balloon pumps prior to angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction does not reduce the scope of heart muscle damage, also known as infarct size. The study's findings were published online and presented at the European Soci...
Rasmussen Encephalitis is a rare neurological disease causing seizures, cognitive deficits and paralysis of half the body. Researchers at UCLA aim to narrow down the cause(s) of the disease using animal models and collaboration between experts in brain immunology and neuropathology.
A study using mobile phone positioning data tracks population movements after disasters, providing more accurate estimates than ad hoc methods. The method can be used for close to real-time monitoring of population movements during outbreaks, leading to better allocation of relief supplies.
New life-detection tools up to 1,000 times more sensitive than previous instruments are being used to search for evidence of life on Mars. Researchers are also searching the planet's atmosphere for signs of methane, which could indicate biological activity.
A randomized multicentre open-label study found that 24-month duration of dual therapy is no better than six months in preventing adverse cardiac events, but significantly increases the risk of bleeding and transfusion. The study challenges current guideline recommendations.
A new study found that anxious-solitary children differ significantly from other withdrawn children and non-withdrawn peers in terms of their relationships with peers. These children are more emotionally sensitive and less likely to have friends, which can lead to increased victimization.
Astronomers found a small, half-Jupiter-sized planet with a diameter of 60,000 kilometres orbiting an extremely dense pulsar, suggesting a unique formation process. The discovery reveals the possibility of a diamond-like structure in the planet's core due to its incredibly high density.
Researchers investigated the dynamics of virus populations in the human gut during dietary changes, finding that viral populations became more similar over time. The study provided new insights into the 'gut virome' and its response to diet, shedding light on potential health consequences.
A large-scale meteorological event, an abnormal Rossby wave, sparked extreme heat in Russia and unusual downstream wind patterns that shifted rainfall in the Indian monsoon region, fueling heavy flooding in Pakistan. The study analyzed satellite data to show the connection between the two events.
A Concordia University study found that fathers who actively engage with their children can positively influence their development, leading to fewer behavior problems and higher intellectual abilities. The study also highlighted the importance of mothers and other caregivers in child-rearing.
The Bern-Rotterdam cohort study found a 67% risk reduction in very late stent thrombosis for patients treated with everolimus-eluting stents compared to early generation drug-eluting stents. This is an important advance in the safety of drug-eluting stents.
Researchers created a Facebook application called PiggyDemic to simulate viral interactions and gather data on how viruses spread among populations. The app can predict patterns of infection, seasonal outbreaks, and the impact of human interaction on viral dynamics.
Research finds that women are less likely than men to use suicide methods that disfigure the face or head. Men are nearly twice as likely as women to have used such methods, suggesting a potential gap in understanding and prevention strategies for gender-specific risk factors.
A novel alloy has been developed that can produce hydrogen fuel from sunlight using photoelectrochemical water splitting. The GaN-Sb alloy, made of inexpensive materials, functions as a catalyst in the process and can be reused indefinitely. This discovery could potentially have profound implications for the future of solar energy.
A study by Al-Biltagi and Hemila found that vitamin C supplementation increased FEV1 levels by 37% in younger children with no mold exposure, while the benefit was smaller in older children. Vitamin C showed greatest benefit in mild asthma symptoms.
A recent study by researchers at the University of California, Berkeley's School of Public Health found that exposure to flame retardants during pregnancy is associated with lower birth weight. The study, led by Kim Harley, found a significant correlation between PBDE levels in mothers' blood and baby weights, with a 115-gram decrease ...
The Lancet Series proposes human-security based reforms to maintain Japan's universal health coverage. Local governments must take more responsibility for healthcare resources and funding, while consolidated institutions will improve physician quality and provide opportunities for domestic and global health experts to interact.
The CRISP AMI trial found that intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation does not reduce infarct size in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) without cardiac shock. The study showed no significant difference in infarct size between the groups, but IABC was associated with lower mortality rates.
Researchers found a genetic variation in the LRRK2 gene that reduces the risk of Parkinson's disease by nearly 20% in many populations. The study also identified different variants of the same gene that increase Parkinson's risk in Caucasians and Asians, providing evidence for multiple genetic risks contributing to the disease.
The study found a very high hospitalization rate during pregnancy, with 338 patients hospitalized (26% of all pregnancies) and 203 cardiac cases. Maternal death occurred in 13 patients (1%) and fetal death in 59 cases (4.5%). The authors suggest that further analysis and larger numbers are needed to identify the underlying causes of hi...
The study reveals that detailing is an effective long-term marketing tool, while sampling has a stronger short-term effect on physician behavior. The researchers' framework provides implications for customer management and maximizing long-run profitability.
A study by Brown University researchers found that college freshmen often struggle with sleep quality due to factors like roommates, dorm noise, and academic stress. However, a campuswide media campaign was able to help nearly 10% of students improve their sleep habits, leading to better grades, mood, and overall health.
The reappearance of measles is linked to unfounded fears about a link between the measles shot and autism, says Dr. Gregory Poland. Despite over 20 studies finding no connection between MMR vaccine and autism, some parents have turned against childhood vaccination.
Researchers found that a dysfunctional co-signaling system between glutamate and dopamine in the brain increases cravings for both natural substances like sugar and abused drugs. This can lead to addiction, as the brain becomes hypersensitive to rewards.
Despite a private sector dominated fee-for-service system, Japan successfully contains healthcare costs at 8% of GDP, largely due to uniform fee schedules. Key challenges include mismatched patient expectations with service supply, need for quality primary care improvement and restructuring the current fee payment schedule.
Biologists at USC discovered major declines in the availability of an enzyme, known as the Lon protease, as human cells grow older. The finding may help explain why humans lose energy with age and could point medicine toward new diets or pharmaceuticals to slow the aging process.
Researchers at Stevens Institute of Technology are developing innovative anti-corrosion materials with superhydrophobic properties to repel water and prevent corrosion. The grant will support the study of nanoscale wetting dynamics on these surfaces using an environmental scanning electron microscope.
A recent study found a clear tendency toward favoring items located in the middle of a row, regardless of direction. This 'center-stage effect' may influence choice in various settings, including shopping and surveys.
A longitudinal study of low-income families found that mother-son relationships change over time, affecting boys' behavior in adolescence. Mothers with good relationships and fewer conflicts had sons with lower delinquent behavior and stronger friendships.
The Asian longhorned beetle has already spread to nearby forests in Worcester, Mass., posing a threat to the region's forests. The beetle disproportionately attacks large maple trees, including red and sugar maples, which are vital to New England's iconic landscape.
Drs. Peter Cadieux and Hassan Razvi have been awarded a $566,000 grant as part of a $2.2 million initiative to explore novel coatings that significantly reduce bacterial adherence to urinary tract stents and catheters. The research aims to improve prevention and treatment of urinary device-associated infections.
The EXAMINATION trial found a non-significant trend towards benefit with Xience-V stent, resulting in a lower rate of new revascularisations and significantly lower rates of definite and probable stent thrombosis at one-year follow-up.
A new analysis of the GRAVITAS trial found that achieving low platelet reactivity is associated with a reduced incidence of cardiovascular death, heart attack, and stent thrombosis. Patients who achieved this level of platelet reactivity had approximately half the risk of these events compared to those with high reactivity.
A phase II dose-finding study found that darexaban, a Factor Xa inhibitor, increased bleeding risks by two to four-fold in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The trial explored the safety and optimal dosing regimen of darexaban in secondary prevention of ischaemic vascular events.
Despite having one of the best health systems in the world, Japan's development assistance for health budget is only 2% of its foreign aid budget. The country must take center stage in global health to help other countries. Japan has the potential to make substantial contributions to global health by sharing its expertise and increasin...
The September issue of GSA Today focuses on the Upper Midwest's geology, introducing the Mid-Continent Rift System and its evolution. The articles also emphasize the role of geologists in sustainable resource use and long-term resilience.
A study found that rural areas have a higher risk of dengue fever due to higher mosquito populations, while urban areas contribute significantly despite fewer cases. Improving water supply and vector control can increase the efficiency of control efforts.
A UBC study found that parents' stress during their child's early years can leave lasting marks on their genes, affecting behavior and health in adolescence. Higher stress levels reported by mothers and fathers correlated with specific DNA methylation sites, including those involved in insulin production and brain development.
Researchers at RIKEN have developed a new aqueous reagent, Scale, which renders biological tissue transparent, allowing for vivid 3D images of neurons and blood vessels deep inside the mouse brain. The reagent's unique properties enable visualization of fluorescently-labeled samples at unprecedented depths and levels of spatial detail.
The European Society of Cardiology promotes primary PCI as the best reperfusion therapy for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Early diagnosis and triage can significantly reduce mortality rates.
Two studies cast doubt on whether sex offender registries work as intended, finding that registration requirements reduce reported sex crime by up to 13%, but public notification may actually increase recidivism. A third study finds no evidence that sex offender registries are effective in increasing public safety.
Recent evidence suggests that medical ghostwriting persists despite previous exposés, affecting journals like PLoS Medicine. Experts call for fundamental changes to address the issue, including increased legal liability and revised authorship guidelines.
The Marine Science Institute has received a $7 million grant to study the impact of the Deepwater Horizon spill on the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem. The research will focus on understanding how oil disperses in the Gulf and its effects on marine life.
Researchers used innovative fMRI technique to pinpoint areas of the brain dedicated solely to language. Eight out of nine analyzed regions uniquely supported language tasks, while remaining regions showed no activation for non-language tasks.
Researchers discovered a molecular mechanism allowing signals from target cells to support neuron survival. Activated protein Rac plays a crucial role in long-range signaling and retrograde transport of neuronal survival signals.
A Wayne State University-led study found that mother-son relationships with high conflict and low warmth during childhood can lead to delinquent behavior in adolescence. Conversely, close relationships between mothers and sons are linked to better peer relationships.
Low-income populations may be deprived of essential nutrients due to unfounded fears about pesticide residues on fruits and vegetables. Bruce N. Ames explains that most pesticides are naturally present in plants to protect them, and at low doses, they are not a concern for human health.
The article emphasizes the need for a structured approach to health policy and systems research (HPSR), citing its current challenges. To address this, the authors propose establishing dedicated homes for HPSR in universities and independent research institutes.
Researchers have developed a new wind turbine blade material that is lighter, tougher, and more durable than current materials. The polyurethane reinforced with carbon nanotubes outperforms existing resins for wind blades applications.
A Stanford team cataloged the bacterial genome's essential elements, revealing 12% crucial for survival. The researchers used an efficient new method to map the genome and identify 480 protein-coding genes, 402 promoter regions, and 130 non-coding segments of unknown function.
A Johns Hopkins Children's Center study of over 3,000 hospitalized children reveals that those colonized with MRSA but not sick are at significant risk for developing full-blown infections. The study found nearly six times more likelihood of invasive MRSA infections among carriers compared to noncarriers.
New research finds that even elementary school children from ethnic-minority backgrounds are aware of stigma and experience higher levels of academic anxiety. However, surprisingly, these students also report high interest in school, with close connections to peers playing a key role in maintaining this interest.
Japan experiences over 30,000 annual suicides, largely attributed to negative socioeconomic conditions. Implementing comprehensive suicide prevention measures and increasing public knowledge about depression can help reduce the rate of suicides in Japan.
Tropical Depression 12 strengthened into tropical storm Katia as daylight broke in the eastern Atlantic this morning. Katia is currently a compact tropical storm with maximum sustained winds near 40 mph and is forecast to strengthen into a hurricane due to warm sea surface temperatures.
A study in Bahrain, Jordan, and UAE finds that ICT is used mechanically to optimize equipment and perpetuate cultural traditions, rather than enhancing student abilities.
Recent concerns about airplane travel and insulin pump delivery may be overstated due to limited data, according to an editorial. The effects of changes in atmospheric pressure on insulin delivery remain unclear, and more research is needed before drawing conclusions.
A new study by Adam Grant found that healthcare professionals are more likely to wash their hands when reminded of the importance of keeping patients safe. The sign with a patient-focused message increased soap and gel use by 33% and hand-washing rates by 10%. This challenges prevailing wisdom on safety messages.
A study by Bernardo J. Carducci found that happy college students who are less outgoing focus on family and friends connections, positive thinking, and goal-oriented activities, leading to increased happiness. Additionally, goal-oriented students tend to be happier due to engaging in purposeful leisure and spiritual reflection.
The ESC pilot registry in heart failure reflects improvement in chronic disease management, with high rates of guideline-recommended treatments. However, outcomes for acute heart failure remain poor, with high mortality and morbidity rates.
Researchers have developed a compact, lightweight microscope that uses holograms instead of lenses for dual-mode imaging. The device is portable, inexpensive, and can be used for field diagnostics in developing countries, testing of water quality, and food contamination.
A nationwide study in Sweden found that new generation drug eluting stents reduced the risk of clinically meaningful restenosis by 38% and stent thrombosis by 50% compared to older generation stents. The study included data from over 90,000 patients and showed improved outcomes with thinner struts and more biocompatible polymers.
A new study found that children's social goals play a crucial role in how they respond to bullying. Children who are interested in developing relationships tend to have more positive perceptions and use proactive strategies to solve conflicts. In contrast, those who want to be perceived as 'cool' or competent may retaliate and engage i...
Scientists suggest that wolves may play an important role in helping to save the threatened Canada lynx by controlling coyote populations, which are a major food source for the lynx. This 'trophic cascade' of impacts has contributed to the decline of the species due to habitat alteration and climate change.
Researchers at the University of Manchester and Cambridge have discovered a way to enhance graphene devices for photodetectors in high-speed optical communications by 20 times. This is due to the addition of metallic nanostructures that concentrate light within the graphene layer, increasing its efficiency.
Rapid declines in infectious disease and stroke mortality enabled by salt reduction campaigns, improved healthcare technologies, and universal health insurance coverage have contributed to Japan's exceptional longevity. The country faces new challenges due to an aging population and rising healthcare costs.
A simple finger prick test during routine eye exams at high street opticians can identify millions of people with undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes. This could lead to better disease management and cost savings for the NHS.
Research followed 84 infants from birth to age 2 and found that highly irritable children who have secure attachments to their mothers are more likely to get along well with others. The study suggests that interventions to help children become securely attached may be especially important for children who are highly irritable.
Using fabric ground covers in organic production allows farmers to control weeds, hold down costs, and maintain soil health. The study found that fabric covers limited water penetration and reduced soil levels of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Patients receiving optimal medical therapy after a heart attack experience an 18% reduced risk of mortality compared to those not on the full treatment regimen. A broader use of coronary angiography and revascularization could further improve outcomes.
Researchers found that children's ability to remember memories' origin is immature and develops gradually during adolescence. Brain maturity in this area continues until adulthood, influencing the reliability of child testaments. The study suggests that adolescents' memories can be distorted by distracting information.
The Great Recession's lingering effects on children of unemployed parents can be seen in lower academic achievement, increased problem behavior in classrooms, and more suspensions. Research by the University of Chicago found that maternal job loss is associated with a 40% increase in problem behavior among young children.
The Pacific leaping blenny, a marine fish living on land, has a complex social life that thrives during the brief mid-tide period. The study found males use visual displays to warn off rivals and attract mates, while females defend feeding territories.
Japan's mandatory long-term care insurance has proven effective in managing care needs, with over half of elderly residents reporting no financial hardship. The system provides a range of services, including adult day care, home help, and nurse visits, and has increased formal care use while reducing financial burdens.
A U-M study found that decreased core muscle density is linked to increased cancer spread and poorer outcomes. Patients with lower muscle density had higher recurrence rates, regardless of tumor size or age.
New data reveals that neonatal mortality rates have declined globally but increased in eight countries, including five in Africa, from 1990 to 2009. Over 4% of all babies born in India die during the first month of life.
A new study shows that patients with coronary artery disease are more likely to experience thrombotic and bleeding complications after orthopedic surgery. The study found that increasing age, kidney disease, and female sex were strong predictors of these events.
A new study published in Child Development found that second and third graders who prioritize developing social skills and relationships are more likely to respond constructively to bullying. In contrast, children who focus on gaining popularity or avoiding negative judgments tend to disengage or retaliate.
A recent study highlights the importance of considering water usage in bioenergy crop production, particularly with large grasses like miscanthus or switchgrass. The research found that these crops can increase net water use due to higher transpiration rates and land conversion's impact on hydrology.
Researchers at King's College London have found a way to produce natural sunscreen compounds from coral, which could be used in humans and crops. The study aims to recreate these compounds synthetically for sun protection.
A new study predicts a 7.3% increase in asthma-related emergency room visits for children in the NYC metropolitan area by 2030 due to climate change. The research, led by Dr. Perry Sheffield, used regional and atmospheric chemistry models to simulate ozone levels and their impact on air quality.
Researchers have created a reusable system to store and extract hydrogen from ammonia borane, a stable solid, making it suitable for various applications. The system is air-stable and efficient, with potential uses in motor-driven cycles and small aircraft.
A French registry study found that antianginal medications had no significant association with improved or worsened long-term survival in patients who suffered a heart attack. Molsidomine was associated with an increased risk of death, while nitrates showed a trend towards increased mortality.
The study found that almost 40% of patients have no underlying disease associated with atrial fibrillation, and symptoms vary greatly among patients. Symptoms include palpitations, fatigue, shortness of breath or dizziness, and many patients seek a drug-free lifestyle after ablation.
After TAVI, patients experience improved hemodynamic values, including reduced valve gradients and increased effective orifice area. The study also found sustained reduction in end-diastolic septal wall thickness and improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction at 12 months post-implantation.
The Finnish Meteorological Institute leads two major European projects, O3M SAF and SAF on Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management. The institute develops software and systems for processing satellite data, including products for ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, and aerosols. These products support climate change ...
A new algorithm using hs-cTnT levels at presentation and one hour after admission accurately differentiates acute myocardial infarction from non-coronary cardiac diseases. This approach reduces avoidable early coronary angiographies and shortens time of uncertainty for patients.
Japan's universal health coverage has been a success story, maintaining equity and containing costs over the past 50 years. However, the ageing society of Japan threatens its sustainability, with rising premiums and emerging uninsured populations.
Researchers at Stanford and UCSF have developed a novel method to grow large volumes of modified malaria parasites that no longer cause the disease, revealing how the parasite's survival depends on isopentenyl pyrophosphate. This breakthrough could speed up drug development and provide a basis for an effective vaccine against malaria.
Researchers found that declines in hearing ability accelerate gray matter atrophy in auditory areas of the brain, leading to increased listening effort for speech comprehension. Early detection and intervention can help prevent speech comprehension difficulties in older adults.
Results from a study presented at ESC Congress 2011 show that TAVI implantation in low-risk patients achieved 100% procedural success and zero deaths within one month, matching conventional surgery outcomes. The study analyzed data from 177 patients with low logistic Euroscore (<20%) who underwent Edwards prosthesis implantation.
A study published in the Journal of Neuroscience found that differences in when movement neurons begin accumulating information from sensory neurons explain adjustments in response times. This discovery forces a major modification to existing cognitive models of impulse control, shedding new light on how the brain controls basic impulses.