Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have demonstrated a promising approach to creating high-efficiency nanowire solar cells using solution-based cation-exchange chemistry. The new technique produces core/shell nanowires with superior open-circuit voltage and fill factor values compared to conventional planar solar cells.
Researchers have discovered a method to overcome the chemical intractability of cellulose, allowing its efficient conversion into bioethanol. This breakthrough represents a major step towards industrial production of fuels and chemicals from renewable cellulose in waste plant matter.
Researchers have discovered that sandfly saliva plays a critical role in Leishmaniasis, evading neutrophils and allowing parasites to survive within human hosts. This finding provides a new target for drug development and may lead to more accurate assessments of infection severity.
A study of nearly 100 studies supports thermal ablation as a successful alternative to surgery and radiation therapy for patients with advanced lung cancer. The procedure has achieved an overall survival rate of 48-80 percent at two years, offering a safe and effective treatment option.
A new study investigates the paternal transmission of stress and its impact on children's mental health. Researchers found that male mice exposed to chronic stress passed those stress behaviors along to their offspring, increasing depression and anxiety-like behaviors in both males and females.
A team of UBC researchers found nearly double the density of capillaries in brain tissue from Alzheimer's mouse models and human samples compared to healthy individuals. This 'neo-angiogenesis' may lead to a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, allowing harmful substances to enter the brain.
Researchers found that second-grade students from diverse backgrounds are aware of ethnicity-based stigma and experience higher academic anxiety. However, strong social connections at school can mitigate these effects and boost interest in academics.
The new guidelines prioritize preventing bacterial pneumonia in children, recommending yearly flu vaccines and targeted antibiotic therapy. The guidelines also emphasize the importance of accurately diagnosing pneumonia to avoid unnecessary medical interventions.
A new study from the University of Missouri finds that trusting neighbors is associated with better self-reported health. Respondents who reported trusting their neighbors also reported better health on average, despite factors such as income and education level.
A genetic cause of extreme thinness has been identified for the first time, with people having extra copies of certain genes being more likely to be underweight. Half of children with a duplicated part of chromosome 16 have been diagnosed with failure to thrive and a quarter have microcephaly.
Researchers at UTHealth report using a patient's own bone marrow stem cells as a safe and feasible treatment for acute stroke. The study, published in Annals of Neurology, showed no severe adverse events among the 10 patients enrolled.
The Minimum Information about a Bioactive Entity (MIABE) standard aims to capture more information about bioactive compounds, enabling better analysis and design. By adopting this standard, researchers can analyze large datasets from various drug discovery programs, leading to improved understanding of successful drugs.
The TRMM satellite captured images of Tropical Storm Katia's moderate to heavy rain and banding patterns, indicating a cyclonic circulation. The storm is expected to strengthen into a hurricane as it encounters warmer waters and reduced wind shear, posing a threat to the Leeward Islands.
A NASA satellite observed a record-breaking heat wave in the Great Plains during July, with temperatures soaring up to 20°F above average. The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder instrument detected a persistent high-pressure vortex that pumped hot air from the tropics into the region.
A new saliva test can measure the levels of five key DNA adducts, which form when potentially cancer-causing substances bind to DNA. The test is convenient and non-invasive, making it a potential tool for health promotion and disease prevention.
A new supplemental issue of Journals of Gerontology Series B explores the relationship between cognitive aging and health, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. The studies presented in the issue aim to understand the complex interplay between age-related socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, gender, and health disparities.
A new study by Ben-Gurion University of the Negev found that parents' attitudes and behavior play a significant role in their child's homework motivation. By having a more positive, supportive attitude and communicating the learning value, parents can improve their child's motivation. The researchers also recommend giving children choi...
Researchers found significant soil carbon sequestration under Miscanthus on former tilled land and grasslands after two years of planting. This study suggests that Miscanthus can help limit the release of greenhouse gases without adding to the carbon debt.
The University of Miami is leading a consortium to investigate the fate of petroleum in the environment, aiming to improve risk management and response efforts. The project, CARTHE, will focus on accurately predicting hydrocarbon transport and development of new tools for responding to future spills.
Researchers found that adding a pretreatment step can increase the amount of ethanol obtained from switchgrass harvested in the fall. The study also showed that proper harvest time can significantly impact ethanol production, with spring harvesting resulting in more cellulose but also more lignin.
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that physician practices using electronic health records (EHRs) had significantly better healthcare and outcomes than those relying on paper records. The findings remained consistent across different insurance types, including Medicaid and uninsured patients.
Researchers monitored two million anonymous mobile phones after Haiti's earthquake and cholera outbreak, providing real-time data on population movements. The method improved humanitarian aid delivery by tracking the migration patterns of people in need of help.
The University of Leicester has developed a hi-tech facility using cutting-edge technologies to detect diseases without invasive procedures. The Diagnostics Development Unit uses breath analysis, imaging systems, and ultrasound technology to identify conditions such as sepsis, cancer, and asthma.
A large study involving over 9,000 cardiac arrest patients found that longer initial CPR has no survival benefit. Bystander CPR may improve outcomes in patients who receive it.
A 40-year follow-up study revisits preschool children who were tested with marshmallows and cookies, revealing that their ability to delay gratification remained consistent into adulthood. Brain imaging showed key differences between high and low delayers in the prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum.
Researchers at NIST and Clemson University measured the energy of highly charged ion impacts on thin film surfaces, revealing that 27% of the remaining energy goes into changing the material's shape. This study aims to improve predictive models for surface damage and erosion in various industries, including fusion reactors.
Scientists at NIST have discovered a way to store hydrogen efficiently using iron-doped magnesium, which can absorb and release hydrogen quickly and safely. The iron veins create channels within the metal grains that allow for fast hydrogen transport.
Researchers have created a cost-effective solution to address the growing issue of arsenic-contaminated drinking water in developing countries. The new technology uses pieces of plastic bottles coated with cysteine to remove arsenic from water, producing drinkable water with levels significantly lower than the current safe standard.
A new visual test effectively diagnosed concussions in collegiate athletes, detecting impaired eye movements and rapid eye movements. The King-Devick test, a previously used dyslexia test, was validated as a reliable tool to aid medical professionals and trainers in determining which athletes need to come out of games.
Scientists have discovered that antibiotic-resistant genes existed in ancient DNA from 30,000-year-old permafrost. This finding suggests that resistance is a natural phenomenon that predates modern clinical antibiotic use.
A recent study found that heavier women have fewer hot flashes than their leaner counterparts after menopause. The inverse association between body size and hot flashes was observed only among older women, suggesting that age plays a significant role in this relationship.
The Society for Ecological Restoration International delegates congratulate the CBD Parties on their Strategic Plan 2011-2020, urging swift action on restoring ecosystems. The SER2011 delegates also call on World Bank and funding institutions to support ecological restoration projects globally.
Tropical Storm Nanmadol made landfall in southeastern China's Fujian Province on August 31, dissipating quickly over mainland China. Meanwhile, Tropical Storm Talas is still headed for Japan, with a projected landfall on September 2.
Researchers have identified a novel method for detecting weak points in disordered materials like glass, which may lead to better understanding of material failure and potential applications. The study combines theoretical modeling with experimental results, shedding light on the principles governing material responses.
Researchers at Princeton University have matched brain activity with categories of words related to abstract ideas. The study reveals how the brain processes complex thoughts and identifies 'semantic threads' connecting related concepts.
Research from the University of Illinois and Rutgers University suggests that returning service members are at risk of depressive symptoms and relationship distress, often linked by uncertainty about relationships and interference from partners. Recognizing these issues can help prepare individuals for the transition home.
The study reveals 37 new variants associated with common diseases, including chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and blood clotting. The researchers also identified a possible mechanism to detoxify substances, which could affect the risk of developing kidney disease.
The GonaCon vaccine blocks sex hormones that spark undesirable behaviors in household pets and farm animals, reducing scent-marking, fighting, and aggressive behavior. The vaccine also shows promise for controlling white-tailed deer populations and preventing automobile-deer collisions.
The ESC Congress 2011 in Paris saw a record-breaking attendance of 32,946 participants, with a focus on the quality of scientific content and new clinical guidelines. The congress highlighted significant findings on apixaban, dual antiplatelet therapy, and the importance of registries for cardiovascular disease prevention.
A new study published in Neurology found that brain tumor patients who take valproic acid on top of standard treatment may live longer than those taking other epilepsy medications. The study showed an average three-month increase in survival for patients receiving valproic acid, but also noted increased risk of bleeding and infection.
University of Florida researchers have developed a compound that targets and reduces growth factors and tyrosine kinases in colon cancer cells, leading to effective tumor suppression without toxicity. The modified apratoxin S4 shows promise as a novel anticancer therapy.
The 2011 AAO-HNSF Annual Meeting & OTO EXPO featured over 386 scientific research sessions and presentations on various topics including facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, otolaryngology, and head and neck surgery. Studies highlighted the importance of population assessment in evaluating nose aesthetics and identified recurrent...
Researchers at the University of Florida have developed a novel manufacturing process for quantum dot-based LEDs, reducing production costs and improving efficiency. The breakthrough enables the large-scale commercialization of these energy-efficient lights, potentially replacing traditional incandescent and fluorescent bulbs.
Researchers developed a noninvasive technique called Electrocardiographic Imaging (ECGI) to map the source and pattern of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in just one heartbeat. The technology, which combines CT scans with electrocardiograms, can generate movies of VT excitation waves and reveal even more about the nature of the arrhythmia.
Researchers found that photoreceptor cells in the retina had a defective phagocytosis process, leading to decreased rod and cone renewal. This discovery could lead to therapeutic agents for blinding diseases related to retinal cell renewal.
Physicists at NIST achieved a record-low probability of error in quantum information processing with a single qubit, meeting theoretical requirements for building viable quantum computers. The experiment used microwaves and a copper vacuum chamber to reduce errors, achieving an error rate of 1 per 50,000 logic operations.
A specific genetic alteration has been identified in epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE), a rare but devastating vascular cancer. A new diagnostic test for EHE has also been developed using this finding.
Tiny oxygen generators implanted in tumors boost killing power of radiation and chemotherapy, treating hypoxic solid tumors. The technology has shown promising results in shrinking tumors faster than those without devices.
A new study by University of Tennessee, Knoxville engineers finds that the solar industry can release up to 2.4 million tons of lead pollution in China and India due to reliance on lead batteries. The researchers recommend investments in environmental controls and battery take-back policies to mitigate this impact.
A new study by Joe Vinson found that consuming 6-8 purple potatoes twice daily for a month reduced diastolic blood pressure by 4.3% and systolic pressure by 3.5%. The majority of subjects taking anti-hypertensive drugs still showed a significant decrease in blood pressure.
A new study found that simpler defibrillators with fewer risks of surgical problems and death are equivalent in benefits to complex devices. The study analyzed over 100,000 records and suggests re-evaluation of routine use of dual-chamber defibrillators.
Researchers investigate the cause of the Permian-Triassic extinction, finding that ocean acidification may have played a significant role. Additionally, studies suggest that reforestation on historically productive, snow-free land could contribute to climate change mitigation even in northern latitudes.
Researchers from NIST and Applied Research Associates Inc. have expanded the reach of their novel microfluidic system for analyzing chemical components of complex samples. The new work demonstrates how the system can analyze negatively charged components as well, overcoming a major challenge in sample analysis.
Researchers found that substances in old mice's blood inhibit new nerve cell generation and impair cognitive function in young brains. Eotaxin, a protein attracting immune cells to areas where it has been secreted, was identified as a key factor contributing to aging-related changes.
Researchers find that a specific white blood cell type, neutrophils, promote tumor growth and spread by inducing new blood vessel formation. This discovery opens the door to developing novel drugs targeting early-stage cancers.
A new study suggests that reducing soot emissions from diesel engines and other sources could slow melting of sea ice in the Arctic faster and more economically than any other quick fix. Soot emissions are second only to carbon dioxide in promoting global warming, but their effects have been underestimated in previous climate models.
The Entomological Society of America recognizes Marvin K. Harris, Gail E. Kampmeier, Kevin L. Steffey, and two others for their significant contributions to the field of entomology. These honorees have demonstrated extraordinary commitment to the society through their service, research, and leadership.
A review article by BUSM professor Judith A. Linden outlines comprehensive protocols for evaluating and treating adult victims of sexual assault in emergency departments and primary care settings. The article highlights the importance of evidence collection, emotional support, and medical follow-up appointments to provide optimal care.
Researchers propose combining modern engineering with traditional social principles to manage rainwater as a common pool resource. Effective monitoring and management can help reduce pressure on ground and surface water supplies, as well as mitigate flash flooding in urban areas.
A study published in the American Journal of Infection Control found that over 60% of hospital nurses' and doctors' uniforms tested positive for potentially dangerous bacteria. The study, led by Yonit Wiener-Well, MD, revealed a prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains in close proximity to hospitalized patients.
A study found that breast-feeding mothers are more likely to display aggression when threatened, with lower blood pressure levels. This increased courage is believed to be linked to the reduction of stress response in these women.
Researchers developed a novel computational framework to predict the effects of medications on cardiac rhythms. The tool helps screen anti-arrhythmia medications early in the drug-development pipeline and guides physicians in prescribing interventions.
NASA's TRMM satellite detected isolated areas of heavy rainfall within Tropical Depression 8E before it organized. The depression is forecast to bring heavy rainfall and 4-6 inches of precipitation to coastal sections of Mexico's Guerrero, Michoacan, and Colima states
A new study published in the Journal of Zoology found that the Tasmanian tiger's weak jaws made it unlikely to catch large prey like sheep. The research suggests that its inability to kill large prey may have hastened its extinction, highlighting the vulnerability of large predators with specialized diets.
A new study reveals that millions of dollars are raised annually for breast cancer research and prevention programs through revenue-generating initiatives. States with higher breast cancer death rates are more likely to offer specialty license plates, which generate significant revenue.
Scientists at UCSF have identified a crucial chemical that the malaria parasite produces internally, allowing it to survive in human blood. This insight provides a powerful tool for discovering and designing new treatments.
In exploring the formation of disaster-response agencies after 9/11, a researcher finds that most new nonprofits ceased operation within two years. However, those with stronger ties to families of victims endured past two years. The expert's research also highlights the importance of collaboration and leveraging resources.
The green anole lizard's genome has been fully sequenced, offering clues about vertebrate evolution and the origins of human genes. The study also provides insights into how lizards adapted to different islands and evolved diverse communities.
A world-first viral therapy trial has shown promising results, with 87% of patients experiencing viral replication in their tumours and tumour-selective expression of a foreign gene after intravenous delivery. The treatment was well-tolerated, with mild flu-like symptoms as the most common side effect.
A new study reveals Homo erectus used advanced Acheulian tools in East Africa at 1.8 million years ago, 300,000 years earlier than previously thought. The discovery sheds light on the origins of sophisticated tool-making technology and raises questions about human migration and climate change.
Researchers found that low-risk patients aged 60 or older with small tumors and low-grade disease have mortality rates comparable to the general population. These patients may not benefit from adjuvant therapy, contradicting previous recommendations for almost all patients with hormone-responsive disease.
A recent study found that postmenopausal women who smoke have higher androgen and estrogen levels than non-smoking women. Smoking cessation appears to reverse this effect, suggesting a potential mechanism by which tobacco smoke influences chronic disease risk through hormonal mechanisms.
A team of Indiana University researchers has discovered that promiscuous female birds have higher reproductive success due to a genetic 'trade-up', resulting in more offspring. By studying dark-eyed juncos, the study found that females who mate outside their social pair have twice as many grandchildren than those who remain truly monog...
A study by UC Davis researchers suggests that forest trees can tap into nitrogen in rocks, increasing their growth and ability to pull carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This discovery could significantly affect how rapidly the earth will warm in the future.
A new, eco-friendly flame retardant made from layers of positively and negatively charged polymers has been developed to protect cotton fabrics. The coating, dubbed 'nano intumescent,' significantly reduces the flammability of cotton and can even prevent ignition when exposed to direct flames.
Researchers have devised a novel strategy for developing rapid, inexpensive diagnostic tests for microbial infections by identifying soluble microbial antigens. The InMAD system successfully identified antigens for biothreats Burkholderia pseudomallei and Francisella tularensis.