David B. Marshall and Koichi Niihara will be recognized for their groundbreaking research in strengthening, toughening, and reliability of ceramics and ceramic composites. They are renowned experts in the field, with extensive publications and patents to their names.
Researchers identified over 600 volatile compounds in cocoa beans, with only 25 essential for the characteristic flavor. They developed a method to recreate the chocolate flavor using these compounds, mimicking its aroma and taste in 'recombinates'. This breakthrough could lead to improved flavors and aromas in chocolates.
A new UCLA study found that a six-week memory fitness program improved verbal memory and reduced age-related memory decline in seniors over 80. The program included education on lifestyle factors impacting memory ability and overall brain health, resulting in enhanced self-perceived memory and cognitive function.
European women outlive men by an average of 6 years, with a higher proportion dying from cardiovascular diseases, while smoking and drinking habits contribute to the gender gap in life expectancy
Researchers have developed a genetically engineered mouse model to study Lafora disease, revealing the role of malin-laforin complex in glycogen synthesis and neuronal degeneration. The study provides evidence for abnormal sugar accumulation leading to neuronal deterioration and death.
A lack of well-conducted research on widely used acne treatments could be limiting their effectiveness and putting patients at risk of ineffective treatment. The authors call for new studies to test the comparative effectiveness of common therapies and improve understanding of the natural history of acne.
Researchers developed a large molecule stable and inexpensive to produce, paving the way for plastic-based flexible electronics. The technology may turn into everyday realities, including artificial skin, smart bandages and wearable electronics.
Researchers found that wastewater recycling plants emit significantly more nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, due to dense populations of bacteria. Despite this, they argue that wastewater recycling remains an essential component of urban water resources.
A systematic review and meta-analysis finds a potential beneficial link between chocolate consumption and heart health, with five studies reporting a 37% reduction in cardiovascular disease risk. However, the authors caution that further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Scientists have identified bacteria in giant panda feces with potent effects on breaking down plant material, which could be used to produce biofuels. These bacteria can convert up to 95% of plant biomass into simple sugars, eliminating the need for high heat and pressure processes.
A recent study found that the rate of TAVI success is similar between male and female patients, despite increased iliac complications among females. However, female patients had a higher one-year survival estimate (76%) compared to males (65%). Male gender was also identified as a strong predictor of one-year mortality after TAVI.
A new trial by the European Society of Cardiology suggests that remote follow-up of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) patients could be a safe alternative to traditional in-clinic visits. The study found that remote monitoring resulted in fewer inappropriate therapies and similar outcomes compared to conventional follow-up.
A new study in CMAJ found significant variability in death rates following withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy, with 32% of patients dying in hospital. The rate varied across centers, with about half of deaths occurring within three days.
Researchers found that cycling at high intensity for short periods significantly reduces all-cause mortality. Men who cycled fast survived 5.3 years longer, while women did so by 3.9 years. The study suggests increasing daily vigorous physical activity may help combat cardiovascular disease.
Researchers at LMU München have developed a facile route to versatile organozinc compounds by synthesizing them as salt-stabilized solids. This allows for easier storage and transportation compared to traditional liquid forms, making them more suitable for industrial applications.
A recent study by Dr. Paul Jokiel suggests that ocean acidification interferes with the transfer of hydrogen ions between water and coral tissue, disrupting calcification rates and weakening coral skeletons. This 'proton flux hypothesis' provides new insights into the importance of ocean acidification and temperature on coral reefs.
A new medication, ivabradine, has been shown to reduce both heart rate and volume in patients with cardiac insufficiency, leading to a significant reduction in mortality and hospitalizations. This discovery holds promise for a new approach to treating this condition.
A new study from Iowa State University found that social partners can help extend memory in middle-aged couples by filling in memory gaps. However, this collaboration is not as effective for older couples, who may struggle with unreliable partner memories.
Researchers propose using silicon wires to encode information via electron spin, offering faster data transfer and lower energy usage. The new scheme may one day shape emerging technologies.
A review of seven studies involving over 100,000 participants found that higher levels of chocolate consumption were associated with a 37% reduction in cardiovascular disease and a 29% reduction in stroke. However, the authors caution that further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
A Norwegian study found a graded increase in atrial fibrillation risk with increasing levels of physical activity in men, but not women. Heavy exercise was associated with a 2-3 fold increased risk, while the majority of heavily exercising men had normal heart rhythms.
A study from North Carolina State University reveals that a simple teaching tool improves fundamental reading skills, particularly fluency, in struggling readers without requiring significant program changes. The HELPS program demonstrates significant advances in reading comprehension and basic reading skills.
A new study from Cornell University found that eating portion-controlled lunches can lead to weight loss without overcompensating for reduced energy intake. Participants who followed the regimen lost an average of 1.1 pounds per two weeks.
Researchers developed a new type of laser scanning confocal microscope that can gather spectrographic information from every point in a sample at a wide range of wavelengths in a single scan. This allows for high-resolution pictures and potential detection of early signs of melanoma.
A recent study found that cigarette smoking has a greater impact on arterial health in women compared to men, with increased risk of atherosclerosis and carotid artery thickening. This association holds true even after adjusting for other factors such as age, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels.
Results from CREDO-Kyoto registry show CABG associated with lower risk for serious adverse events in patients with triple vessel disease. Higher risk of MI and all-cause death found with PCI, particularly in those with high SYNTAX scores.
A multicentre randomised trial in France investigated the safety of long-term daily remote monitoring using a home monitoring system compared to conventional in-clinic follow-up. The results showed that remote ICD monitoring is non-inferior to traditional follow-up, with significant reductions in inappropriate shocks and hospitalizations.
A Brazilian school implemented a cardiovascular prevention program that reduced parents' risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by 91% compared to a control group. The program, which included educational materials and family activities, focused on promoting healthy lifestyle habits in children and their families.
A prospective cohort study found that post-myocardial infarction snus quitters had a significantly lower risk of total mortality compared to current users. The association was independent of smoking habits and partly explained by changes in lifestyle variables.
Researchers found that large-scale land conversion to bioenergy crops increases water use, reducing soil moisture and runoff but increasing atmospheric humidity. The study's results highlight the need to consider water demands in decision-making for energy production through bioenergy crops.
A large study on very old patients with atrial fibrillation found that adequate management of anticoagulation therapy can reduce bleeding risks. The study suggests that age should not be a contraindication to treatment for these patients.
The Perspectives in General Physiology series provides an in-depth look at the mechanisms of sensory information processing, including visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile processes. The series reveals key strategies used by researchers to quantify and characterize sensory information across multiple systems.
Researchers have discovered two gene clusters in plants producing valuable compounds, providing insights into their evolution and function. The clusters, found in dynamic regions of the genome, are maintained as a whole due to evolutionary pressure, enabling coordinated gene expression.
Richard B. Alley has made extraordinary scientific contributions and communicated his knowledge to a broad public in a clear and compelling fashion, earning him the Stephen H. Schneider Award. The award was established this year in honor of Stephen Henry Schneider, one of the founding fathers of climatology.
A new study from Rice University reveals that gold nanowires less than 20 nanometers wide can become brittle-like under stress, exhibiting unique properties on the nanoscale. Researchers found twins in nanowires to be a key factor in reducing ductility, leading to premature fracture.
A team of scientists has discovered a distant galaxy that helps elucidate two fundamental questions of galaxy formation. The galaxy's extended patch of light suggests that roughly half of the radiation is escaping and exciting hydrogen atoms outside its halo.
A study by the USDA found that high ozone levels above 50 ppb can reduce soybean yields by at least 10 percent, resulting in significant economic losses. Satellite data provides a useful tool for monitoring ozone damage to crops in rural areas where ground networks are limited.
Four species of wasps show remarkable adaptations in attacking ants, with two new species described. The study reveals how young wasps survive inside ant nests by exploiting dead ants outside the entrance.
Researchers have discovered a way to starve breast cancer cells by blocking their efficient amino acid delivery system. This approach could provide new treatment options for patients resistant to standard therapies.
A study of 30,077 STEMI patients found that the gender gap in treatment and mortality has not diminished over two time periods. Adherence to guidelines needs to be increased for women with STEMI to improve prognosis.
A Swedish study found that elite cross-country skiers have a higher incidence of arrhythmias, particularly those who have completed more races and trained at an elite level. The study also found that younger athletes were more likely to experience these arrhythmias.
NASA satellites continue to monitor the remnants of Hurricane Irene as they bring heavy rainfall and gusty winds to eastern Canada. The storm's massive size and remnants have caused widespread flooding, downed trees, and power outages in Quebec, New Hampshire, and Vermont.
Wayne State start-up company NextCAT has received a Phase II Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) award from the National Science Foundation. The $498,830 grant will support the commercialization of a biofuel catalyst technology that enables cost-effective biodiesel production using low-cost feedstocks.
The AAO-HNSF Annual Meeting & OTO EXPO features groundbreaking research in otolaryngology, including studies on deviated noses and nasal base asymmetry. Deficiencies in otolaryngologic knowledge among primary care providers are also highlighted.
Researchers at the University of Bristol have developed a novel approach for studying molecules within their natural environment, allowing for unprecedented detail on bacterial infection mechanisms. The breakthrough utilizes a lateral molecular force microscope to measure biological phenomena directly on a living cell surface, enabling...
Yaling Yang's research aims to categorize and analyze cross-layer incompatibility issues in wireless networks, improving compatibility and flexibility. The goal is to enable faster Internet access, more wireless traffic, and increased remote work opportunities.
Scientists from Tsinghua University tested three structures commonly used in magnetic memory experiments and found that voltage directly controls changes in the magnetic properties of all three materials. This is a significant advantage for real-world device performance, as it eliminates the need for heat-controlled systems.
Health Canada should make clinical trials registration mandatory to increase transparency and protect consumers. The lack of openness about trial designs and results puts patients at risk, according to recent analysis.
University of Illinois scientists develop a new strain of yeast that converts seaweed into biofuel more efficiently, cutting production time in half. This breakthrough improves the economic feasibility of marine biofuels and offers a healthier product.
Scientists identify genetic differences between mild and deadly Plague bacteria, revealing the role of small non-coding RNAs in disease severity. The study provides new insights into the evolution of pathogens and potential therapeutic targets for deadly diseases like the Plague.
The STOP-VT Study evaluated the effectiveness of catheter RF ablation with magnetic navigation in treating ischemic ventricular tachycardia. The study found that 90.9% of patients were able to remain non-inducible after treatment.
A new sub-analysis of the EMPHASIS-HF study showed significant reductions in death and hospitalization for five pre-defined high-risk patient sub-groups with chronic heart failure treated with eplerenone in addition to standard therapy. The benefits were observed across various subgroups, including those with diabetes, kidney impairmen...
Researchers from Yale University discovered that a virus from the same family as rabies can target and kill soft tissue sarcomas. The oncolytic activity of VSV-rp30a was found to be effective against 12 out of 13 different sarcoma lines, with resistance overcome by interferon antagonizers.
Researchers at University of California, Santa Cruz and Institute for Theoretical Physics in Zurich simulate formation of massive spiral galaxy like Milky Way, resolving key features with high-resolution simulation. The result supports prevailing cold dark matter theory, which predicts galaxies form within dark matter halos.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have identified chemical compounds that prevent the abnormal aggregation of the TTR protein, holding it together in its functional form. The compounds have the potential to help hundreds of thousands of people affected by TTR-related amyloid diseases or at risk for them.
Despite efforts to stop ozone depletion, mysteries remain, including unexpected Arctic losses and long-lived substances affecting global warming. Scientists explore geoengineering options to cool the climate, but more research is needed to address this pressing issue.
A new study reveals that high-pressure processing increases the concentration of total carotenoids in avocado and papaya by more than 50 percent. Individual members of this healthful family of chemicals increase by up to 513 percent, suggesting a self-defense mechanism in fruit tissue.
Bleeding calf syndrome affects new-born calves, caused by low blood cell counts and bone marrow depletion. A vaccine against BVDV has been linked to the condition through anti-MHC class I antibodies produced by mothers.
Researchers found that African-American endothelial cells produce nearly 90% more microparticles during inflammation than Caucasian cells. This increased production is associated with higher levels of hypertension in individuals.
A new study found that bilingual babies' brains remain flexible to languages for a longer period, possibly due to greater exposure to speech sounds at home. Bilingual infants also produced more words in the dominant language, while monolinguals lagged behind.
Research suggests that competitiveness in video games is a key factor in aggressive behavior, with highly competitive games leading to greater elevations in aggression. In contrast, less competitive games do not elevate aggressive behavior, regardless of violence content.
The RESET trial demonstrates that sirolimus-eluting stents are non-inferior to everolimus-eluting stents in terms of target-lesion revascularisation rate and late lumen loss. However, the study's findings may be influenced by the relatively low-risk patient population.
A new study found that MRI-assessed tumor responses to neoadjuvant therapy can predict survival among patients with advanced rectal cancer. The findings suggest that using MRI prior to surgery may help change the course of patient care, enabling physicians to choose a more effective chemotherapy drug or avoid surgery in some cases.
Research reveals age-related degradation of bone's intrinsic and extrinsic toughness. Biological aging increases collagen cross-linking, osteonal density, and micro cracking, compromising fracture resistance.
NASA satellites monitor Tropical Storm Jose and newly formed Tropical Depression 12 in the Atlantic, while Hurricane Irene drenches Quebec and Newfoundland in Canada. The National Hurricane Center expects TD12 to strengthen into a tropical storm or hurricane later this week due to low wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures.
A high-protein, dairy-rich diet has been found to lead to greater whole-body fat and abdomen fat losses, as well as lean mass gains and increased strength. The study also shows that the tissue composition of lost weight is predominantly fat, with no muscle loss.