Researchers found that MRSA strain CC5 is adept at acquiring resistance genes, including the one making it resistant to vancomycin, by co-existing with other bacteria. The strain's unique traits, such as lacking bacteriocin production and producing enterotoxins, enable it to thrive in mixed infections.
A study found that children with mild persistent asthma benefit from ICS treatment, but some groups benefit more than others. Younger children, non-Hispanic kids, those with eczema and high IgE levels experience greater benefits from ICS treatment.
The University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center will conduct research on myelodysplastic syndrome, a deadly blood disorder often caused by chemotherapy or radiation treatments. The goal is to determine biomarkers for the disease and tailor cancer treatments to reduce the risk of developing MDS.
A new study explores the progression of diseases leading to liver damage, affecting diverse populations, including young people. The research shows that obesity is putting teens at risk for developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which may lead to lifelong problems and serious consequences.
Research investigated Italian endemic flora's chromosome number variation and its connection to polyploidy. Statistical analysis revealed a significant link between higher even ploidy levels and lower species frequencies.
A new study by MIT civil engineers finds that stiffer pavements can reduce vehicle fuel consumption by as much as 3 percent and decrease CO2 emissions by 46.5 million metric tons per year, resulting in significant savings and environmental benefits. The study uses mathematical modeling to analyze pavement deflection under vehicle tires...
Avi Loeb's new calculations suggest the ideal time to observe cosmic perturbations was 500 million years after the Big Bang, when the first stars and galaxies began to form. This era offers a window into the early universe before information is lost to the formation of gravitationally bound objects.
Proper treatment of diabetic foot infections can prevent lower extremity amputations, and about half of these amputations can be prevented. A multidisciplinary team, including infectious diseases specialists, podiatrists, surgeons, and orthopedists, is recommended for best care.
The Multisociety Sedation Curriculum for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy provides a comprehensive framework for training gastroenterologists in procedure sedation. The curriculum emphasizes the importance of practice and research based on ethical principles, aiming to balance patient comfort with safety.
Scientists traced the origin and development of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus by analyzing genome sequences of 12 strains. The study found that each strain acquired resistance independently and identified shared features among the strains that may have helped them evade human immune defenses.
A special issue of the EMBO Journal marks three decades of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling research, revealing its crucial role in development and human disease. The pathway's importance is also highlighted in cancer biology.
A microfluidic chip test has been developed to detect latent tuberculosis, promising to be cheaper and faster than current methods. The test uses a novel approach to detect interferon-gamma in blood samples, triggering an electrical signal for diagnosis.
A national survey found that systems treating severe heart attacks are expanding nationwide, with over 580 community-based STEMI systems registered in Mission: Lifeline. The survey also identified common barriers to implementing these systems, including competition among hospitals and finances.
A new study by the University of Michigan School of Public Health reveals that married men who discuss and negotiate healthy food changes with their partners are more likely to adopt a healthier diet. Without communication, good intentions often backfire, leading to compensatory unhealthy choices.
A study found that 5% of workers quit smoking after the anti-tobacco law took effect, with a decrease in consumption and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. The law's strictness is credited with the reduction, with catering workers also benefiting from the ban.
Researchers created a new brain map using diffusion tensor imaging, identifying 358 landmarks related to memory, vision, language, and other bodily operations. The map provides a clearer picture of brain connections and their relation to basic brain function.
A systematic review of 2008 data reveals that most prediction studies lack proper reporting and methods, limiting their usefulness. Only a small minority employed effective approaches like external validation or model impact assessments.
Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst used miniaturized satellite tags to track young Atlantic bluefin tuna, revealing their dispersal patterns and habitat use. The study provides the first fishery-independent data on bluefin tuna migration and behavior, shedding light on the ecology and management of wild stocks.
A University of Leicester study found that individuals with low Agreeableness are more likely to prefer aggressive dog breeds, such as bull terriers or boxers. However, the study also revealed a surprising association between liking aggressive dogs and greater Conscientiousness.
A large study suggests dementia incidence in middle-income countries is similar to higher-income countries, with education and literacy providing significant protection against the disease. Individuals with dementia face a nearly three-fold increased risk of dying compared to those without.
The new system identifies fish populations to a forensic level of validation, helping tackle overfishing and illegal fishing. DNA-based tools can be used across the food supply chain and provide an independent method for authenticity testing.
Research from a Pitt/UPMC team found that having intensivists on duty at night improves ICU patient outcomes in some ICUs, particularly those without daytime specialist coverage. In contrast, ICUs with robust daytime staffing saw no benefit from nighttime intensivist coverage.
A 345-million-year-old eel fossil, Tarrasius problematicus, has been found with a human-like spine, contradicting the long-held assumption that such complex anatomy is exclusive to land-dwelling animals. This discovery sheds light on the evolution of spinal organization in fish species.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Periodontology concludes that a two-step tooth implantation method is more effective than a one-step process. The research found that implants placed using the two-step procedure show less wear and tear over time, with greater bone stability.
Researchers have developed a new sensing device using nanomotors to detect chemicals at extremely low concentrations and high contamination. This technology has the potential to facilitate early disease diagnosis and treatment, such as cancer detection.
Researchers found that nearly three-quarters of asthma patients with well-controlled symptoms can safely reduce their ICS dose by half. However, common respiratory measurements are not effective in determining which patients will tolerate lower doses without risk of flare-ups or exacerbations.
Weill Cornell Medical College researchers discovered that a chromosomal rearrangement in prostate cancer cells creates a new 'fusion' gene, warping DNA structure and triggering abnormal growth. The study suggests a model for how other chromosomal translocations contribute to cancer formation.
The new handbook provides a common scientific basis for nanoparticle testing, standardizing procedures and analytical methods. It aims to improve the comparability of research results and address concerns about nanoparticle toxicity.
The Hartford Scholars Program has recognized 125 individuals for their work on gerontological issues, including civic engagement, trauma among African American seniors, and female sexual dysfunction. The program provides individualized mentorship and resources to support aging research and education.
A study analyzing industry-funded studies at psychiatric conferences found that 97.4% reported positive results for medicines being marketed, while non-industry funded studies showed a more balanced outcome. This 'presentation bias' echoes publication bias seen in major journals and may impact clinical care.
Scientists have developed a new technology to mass-produce high-precision molds for making tiny plastic components using bulk metallic glasses. The components can be used in computer memory devices, microscale testing kits, and chemical reactors with microscopic surface patterns.
Tropical Storm Sanvu has strengthened after passing west of Guam, with maximum sustained winds near 45 knots (52 mph) and higher gusts. Forecasters expect it to continue intensifying due to warm sea surface temperatures and light wind shear before curving northeast.
Researchers at Barrow Neurological Institute found that curved motion triggers smooth pursuit eye movements, while straight motion leads to saccadic eye movements. This discovery could have wide-reaching implications in various fields.
Two studies examined the effectiveness of CPAP treatment in reducing cardiovascular outcomes in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Despite finding no significant reduction in hypertension or cardiovascular events, the studies suggest that OSA may be an independent risk factor for developing new-onset hypertension.
NASA satellites captured Tropical Storm Bud in the eastern Pacific Ocean on May 21 and May 22, revealing a well-formed storm. Forecasters expect Bud to strengthen into a hurricane due to light wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures.
A new European Union-funded project at the University of Leicester will analyze the growth in tours of urban poverty areas, also known as slums, favelas or townships. The study aims to determine whether slum tourism can help tackle global inequalities and injustices.
Researchers at the University of Innsbruck successfully produced the first Bose-Einstein condensate of erbium, a complex element with strongly magnetic properties. This achievement expands the possibilities for studying fundamental questions in quantum physics and offers new insights into quantum magnetism with cold atoms.
Research has found that inhaled anticholinergics are associated with an increased risk of potentially dangerous heart arrhythmias among young asthma patients. The use of these medications for routine asthma management may be linked to a higher risk of arrhythmias, particularly among active users of ipratropium.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology found that hydrogen availability significantly affects graphene oxide's properties, which can be controlled through chemical and thermal treatments. Understanding this control is crucial for realizing potential applications, such as nano-electronics and energy storage.
Children born with cleft lip and/or palate face significant medical complications, including respiratory, feeding, speech, and hearing difficulties. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial in managing these patients.
A study found that critically ill patients taking antidepressants in ICU had higher mortality rates, with risk increasing by 73% compared to those not on the medication. The risk was highest among patients with acute coronary syndrome and those who had undergone cardiac surgery.
A study of over 3,000 dairy herds in England and Wales found that liver fluke infection reduces the sensitivity of skin tests used to diagnose bovine TB. This means infected cattle may not be identified by current surveillance schemes, contributing to the disease's spread.
A study published in CMAJ found that excess maternal weight before and during pregnancy is a significant predictor of larger-than-average babies. Researchers analyzed data from 472 women and found that maternal glucose levels and lipid levels also play a role, but to a lesser extent.
Researchers at the University of the Basque Country have designed a programme called Mírate bien to train cognitive perceptions and restructure self-image. The pilot experience shows early signs of improvement in students' physical self-concept, highlighting the potential tool for building awareness about its implications.
Researchers at the University of Leicester have discovered a method to safely remove gold plating from fossils without damaging them. This innovative technique uses industrial electro-plating and polishing methods with liquid salts called 'ionic liquids', which are environmentally friendly and cost-effective.
A new clinical trial is testing a combination of fulvestrant and ganetespib, an HSP90 inhibitor, to treat recurrent or metastatic estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. The goal is to make tumor cells more susceptible to hormonal therapies.
A new study by Rice University's Baker Institute examines how the US has adapted its cyber policy in response to pivotal events such as the Arab Spring revolutions, Internet crackdowns, and social media use. The research highlights the increasing importance of digital international communications to US foreign policy.
A large study found that mothers who received the H1N1 flu vaccine during pregnancy were 34% less likely to have a stillbirth, 28% less likely to deliver before 32 weeks, and 19% less likely to give birth to a child with low birth weight. The study also showed no adverse outcomes for vaccinated mothers and their babies.
Canada provides scant support for large randomized controlled trials compared to Western countries, hindering effectiveness of medical therapies and procedures. Experts recommend increasing funding to remove bureaucratic barriers and conduct local studies due to unique social and health contexts.
Recent advances in nanopore sequencing, developed by Stuart Lindsay, demonstrate improved DNA reads and can pinpoint individual bases with greater than 90% accuracy. This technology has the potential to become ubiquitous at a cost below $1000 per genome.
Alberto weakened from a tropical storm to a tropical depression as seen by NASA's Aqua satellite. The National Hurricane Center expects it to continue moving northeast and speed up, eventually becoming a post-tropical remnant low pressure area.
Researchers found that patients prefer colonoscopy over computed tomography colonography, despite its more invasive nature. The study highlights the importance of a patient's experience in the process of colonoscopy and suggests that colonoscopy is the preferred test for screening average-risk patients.
A new study suggests that MTV shows '16 and Pregnant' and 'Teen Mom' send mixed messages about teenage pregnancy. The study found that frequent viewers whose fathers communicated openly with them about sex were less likely to have recently had sex, while those whose fathers rarely did so were more likely.
Scientists have determined the genetic sequences of all 12 available strains of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, which acquired resistance independently after acquiring a specific transposon. The findings may lead to new ways to prevent and treat infection by MRSA, VRSA, and VRE.
The UC San Diego Superfund Research Program has received a $15 million grant renewal to continue studying the molecular and genetic consequences of toxicant exposure from Superfund sites. The program aims to develop novel biological models to define how toxicants cause disease and find effective ways to remediate.
Research in Psychological Science explores public reaction to task force recommendations, citing factors such as anecdotes and perception of medical treatments. The study suggests that changing the public's view on prostate-cancer screenings may require pictorial displays to help evaluate data more effectively.
A new report in Perspectives on Psychological Science explores the tradeoffs of reforms to eyewitness identification procedures, finding that reducing false identifications can also lower correct identifications. Reforms aim to minimize suggestive practices and increase reliability, but may compromise accuracy.
A new project, WhaleWatch, uses satellite data and migration models to identify high-risk areas for whale entanglement and ship strikes. The study aims to provide key information on whale migration patterns and inform management policies.
A North Carolina State University study analyzed Twitter posts about the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant after the 2011 disaster, finding that while people shared information quickly, it often lacked context and analysis. The study suggests that social media haven't significantly changed the content of our communications, but rather ho...
Research at the University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre reveals that high-fat diets can cause chemical reactions in the brain similar to illicit drugs, leading to depression. Mice studies show signs of anxiety and depression after a higher-fat diet, with altered brain chemistry and hormone levels.
Key figures like Egypt's Esraa Abdel Fattah and Tunisia's Lina Ben Mhenni used social media to organize protests and bridge with mainstream media. The study highlights the crucial role of women in the Arab Spring revolutions, transcending traditional gender roles and communication methods.
Researchers at Trinity College Dublin developed a patented technology to reduce cerebral oedema by safely manipulating blood vessels in the brain. The technique, 'Neuronal Barrier Modulation,' has shown promising results in animal models and is planned for Phase I clinical trials.
A new study has found that vitamin C supplementation in pregnant women who are unable to quit smoking significantly improves pulmonary function in their newborns. Daily use of vitamin C (500 mg/day) improved peak tidal expiratory flow and respiratory compliance, returning them nearly to the levels seen in non-smokers.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute found that catastrophic nuclear accidents are more likely to happen than previously assumed. The study reveals that half of the radioactive caesium-137 would be spread over an area of over 1,000 kilometres away from the reactor, contaminating Western Europe once in 50 years.
Researchers developed a new model to understand collective behavior of defects during ion bombardment, revealing three mechanisms: dual layer formation, subway-glide mode growth, and adatom island eruption. This breakthrough enables predictive design capability for controlling surface patterns and stresses in nanotechnology products.
Longitudinal studies suggest that light-to-moderate alcohol consumption may lower the risk of cognitive decline and dementia by approximately 35-45%. Moderate drinking patterns may also offer cardiovascular benefits. However, further research is needed to understand the optimal pattern of drinking for protection against cognitive decline.
Fine-scale measurements can be incorporated into models to reduce wildfire hazard in the southeast, according to a new study published in Forest Ecology and Management. The research focuses on methods that incorporate hundreds of fuel observations into tools used by managers to assess wildfire potential.
A new tool has been developed to help healthcare professionals make informed decisions about which drugs to include in health care formularies. The tool, consisting of a checklist with 48 questions, evaluates the evidence of need, efficacy, medication safety, and other factors.
Inhibition of PBEF has been shown to prevent and reverse monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats, suggesting its potential as a therapy. The study's findings imply that targeting PBEF activity could provide a new approach to treating patients with PH.
Researchers from Sichuan Agricultural University and BGI reported the atlas of DNA methylomes in porcine adipose and muscle tissues, providing a valuable epigenomic source for obesity prediction and prevention. The study found that different methylated regions in promoters play a more important role in regulating gene expression and ar...
A novel pancreatic cancer vaccine, Algenpantucel-L, has shown promising results in a Phase 2 study, improving 12-month disease-free and overall survival rates. The vaccine is designed to trigger the patient's own immune system to destroy cancer cells.
The Lifelong Mobility Project, led by Mercyhurst College's David Dausey, aims to increase mobility for disabled children in developing nations. The project uses the 4R model to recycle, reuse, repair, and retrofit wheelchairs, reducing waste and increasing access to education and social opportunities.
A Swedish national cohort study of over 3.5 million people found that genetics, high fetal growth rate, and family history contribute to NHL incidence in adolescents. Low birth order and older maternal age also play a key role.
Researchers have restructured their virus-tracking software to allow for modular development and integration with other applications. The new implementation enables public health scientists to update maps on the evolution and spread of pathogens, facilitating better deployment of resources to protect citizens and forces in the field.
Researchers at Hebrew University of Jerusalem have successfully generated neuronal cells from stem cells of Fragile X patients, paving the way for restoration of normal gene expression. The study identified a chemical compound, 5-azaC, that can clear methyl groups and reactivate FMR1 gene expression in both stem and neuronal brain cells.
A genetic marker, rs2036527, associated with smoking quantity has been found in African Americans, predicting the number of cigarettes smoked per day. This discovery may help guide public health decisions related to smoking and lung cancer risk.
A $3.3 million NSF PREM grant creates a collaborative research partnership between UCSB and UTEP to advance materials science and engineering research, broadening participation of underrepresented minorities in the field. The program enables joint research initiatives and global internship opportunities.
A new bright yellow frog species, Diasporus citrinobapheus, has been found in western Panama with a unique characteristic of dyeing its captor's fingers yellow when handled. The researchers studied the frog's body structure, coloration, and vocalizations to confirm its validity as a new species.
Researchers identified novel biomarkers in rat feces after radiation exposure, which persisted for at least 21 days. These findings hold promise for rapid, accurate diagnosis of radiation exposure, enabling timely resource allocation for patients in need of intervention.
Researchers are developing protein microarray technology to identify early signs of diseases such as diabetes and cancers. This technique allows for the simultaneous analysis of thousands of proteins, facilitating high specificity and reduced cost.
A multicomponent intervention that included staff training and supportive materials reduced the rate of physical restraint use in nursing homes. The study found a significant decrease in physical restraint prevalence after 6 months, with results still showing lower restraint use at 3 months.
Research reveals a 'stained glass ceiling' limits Romney's chances due to unpopularity of Mormons and lack of social contact. Public attitudes toward Mormons must change for Romney's religion to no longer be a hurdle.
Researchers have successfully reprogrammed skin cells from elderly heart failure patients into healthy, beating heart muscle cells that can integrate with existing heart tissue. The study uses human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to repair damaged hearts, offering a potential new treatment option for heart failure patients.
A case study reported a severe anaphylactic reaction to bee pollen in a woman with seasonal allergies. The authors warn healthcare providers and patients about the potential risk of allergic reactions to bee pollen supplements, particularly among individuals with no known allergy history.
A new study by researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that residents of Lower Manhattan who suffered home damage following the 9/11 attacks are more likely to report respiratory symptoms and diseases. The study analyzed data from over 71,000 survivors of the World Trade Center attacks, including those with ...
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center isolated antibodies from breast milk that can generate neutralizing antibodies to help inhibit the HIV virus in infants. The study's findings may help develop immune system prophylaxis during breastfeeding for mothers infected with HIV-1.
A recent study has found that sarcoidosis accounts for 25% of all deaths among black women with the disease, emphasizing the need for early detection and treatment. The study also highlights the severity of pulmonary disease in black women with sarcoidosis, with respiratory failure being a leading cause of death.
Research by the University of Exeter finds that light pollution is transforming communities of insects, with more predators and scavengers found near artificial lights. This could have a knock-on effect on entire ecosystems, including birds and mammals that rely on these species for food.
A new study at Oregon Health & Science University finds that daily Vitamin C supplementation improves pulmonary function tests in newborns born to pregnant smoking women, potentially altering the fetal origins of respiratory disease. The treatment may block some effects of smoking on lung development.
Scientists at IDIBELL have found a new checkpoint in cell cycle control through the joint action of two proteins, RPL11 and RPL5, which disrupts ribosomal biogenesis. This leads to the activation of p53 protein and cell cycle arrest.
A revised definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) includes a distinction between severe and less advanced cases, allowing for earlier detection and intervention. The new guidelines are based on evidence from over 4,000 patients and have the potential to improve treatment outcomes.
A parasitic flatworm called Fasciola hepatica hinders the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (TB) in cattle by reducing the sensitivity of skin tests. This study found that liver fluke infection can create false negatives for TB, allowing infected cattle to continue transmitting the disease.
Researchers discovered that astrocytes, which normally nourish and protect neurons, deliver a lethal package containing ceramide and PAR-4 when neurons start producing excessive amyloid protein. This process may contribute to brain-cell death and shrinkage in Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers found that abacavir induces the creation of drug-induced immunogens that are attacked by the immune system, leading to severe hypersensitivity reactions. This autoimmune mechanism is similar to those causing diseases like lupus and type 1 diabetes.
Seven late-breaking clinical trials presented at ATS 2012 examined treatments for ventilator-associated pneumonia, cardiac surgery associated kidney injury, septic shock, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, smoking cessation, malignant pleural effusion, and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Results showed that shorter courses of doripenem...
A new study suggests that a significant proportion of children with asthma failing Step 4 or greater therapy may have severe asthma with fungal sensitization. Children with this condition were found to be older, have higher serum IgE levels, and perform worse on pulmonary function tests compared to those without the condition.