Renowned author and speaker Shirley O. Corriher has been selected as recipient of the 2013 James T. Grady-James H. Stack Award for Interpreting Chemistry for the Public, recognizing her work in bringing home the power and pleasure of chemistry through popular books and dynamic presentations.
Scientists have discovered a way to increase antioxidant levels in sweet potatoes through an electric current treatment, which can help relieve hunger and improve nutrition. The study found that the treatment increased antioxidant activity and polyphenol content by 1.4 times and 1.6 times compared to untreated potatoes.
Researchers have made progress toward a portable emergency treatment for stopping life-threatening internal bleeding. Synthetic platelets, artificial versions of blood's natural clotting particles, are being developed to quickly and efficiently form clots at internal wounds, increasing survival rates in laboratory tests.
CU-Boulder designed and built an instrument to capture high-energy electrons, while another instrument measures changes in electric and magnetic fields. The mission aims to understand and mitigate space weather risks for satellites and astronauts.
Researchers at University of Washington suggest testing the concept of marine cloud brightening through a small-scale experiment. The study aims to investigate the feasibility and potential climatological impacts of adding sea salt particles to clouds over oceans, which could create a cooling effect on Earth.
A new technique using amniotic fluid stem cells can regenerate damaged urethral sphincter muscles and prevent pressure incontinence in mice. Researchers found that the stem cells induced regeneration of the mouse's own urethral sphincter muscle with proper nerve connections.
Scientists have developed a new oil spill dispersant using edible ingredients like peanut butter, chocolate, and whipped cream. The dispersant not only breaks up oil but also prevents it from sticking to bird feathers, reducing the risk of harm to wildlife.
A new paper by Matthew Baggetta argues that both voluntary associations and civic engagement are essential for creating good citizens. The study found that participation in associations can change people's behavior and attitudes, leading to a more engaged citizenry.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine and Intel Corp. developed a grid-like array of short pieces of disease-associated proteins on silicon chips to identify patients with lupus. The technology has the potential to improve diagnoses, assess therapies, and design more-effective drugs.
A team of scientists from the University of Southampton will explore ways to prevent graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) and improve bone marrow transplants by stimulating donor T-cells to target cancerous cells while reducing immune system reactions.
A neural interface has restored function in motor control brain areas of an amputee, allowing for natural control of a prosthetic hand. The study used multielectrode arrays to re-establish communication between the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Canada faces unpredictable and widespread drug shortages, affecting patient health and healthcare costs. A national approach with mandatory reporting and integrated leadership can minimize the impact of shortages.
Scientific analysis strengthens the view that record-breaking summer heat, drought, and other extreme weather events are caused by human activities and global warming. Nobel laureate Mario J. Molina suggests a new international agreement to put a price on greenhouse gas emissions and reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
Hurricane Gordon was tracked for three days by NASA satellites, showing its strength and eye structure. The storm weakened to a tropical storm on August 20 with maximum sustained winds near 70 mph.
Astronomers have discovered galactic winds measuring up to 2,500 km/s, driven by intense bursts of star formation, potentially shutting down galaxy star formation. Young, compact galaxies with high-velocity winds are rare and may be part of a common phase in galaxy evolution.
A recent study published in the journal AIDS and Behavior found that HIV home testing kits are a cost-effective and acceptable tool for preventing HIV transmission among men who have sex with men. The kits were found to be particularly effective in encouraging individuals to disclose their HIV status, leading to reduced risk of transmi...
Scientists at Caltech have successfully recreated plasma loops, which could help predict solar flares. By studying the magnetic forces controlling these loops, researchers aim to develop a two-day warning period for massive solar flares.
Researchers from USC used earthquake data to model the Earth's mantle and reveal the strength of continents compared to the rest of the Earth. They found that a part of the South American plate, known as a cratonic keel, deflects and channels mantle flow.
Sir John Ball received the SIAM John von Neumann Lecture award for his pioneering work on existence theorems and constitutive models in nonlinear elasticity. He delivered a lecture on Liquid Crystals for Mathematicians, explaining the math behind this multi-billion dollar industry.
A new study by the American Psychological Association found that 3-year-olds can evaluate the reasonableness of another person's distressed reaction and respond accordingly. The children showed concern for adults in situations involving real harm or injustice but not in cases where distress was unjustified.
Ontologies enable computers to transform information into knowledge by attaching meaning to data. This allows scientists to access and analyze large datasets more efficiently, facilitating breakthroughs in plant science and beyond.
Research models stellar explosions revealing neutrinos' previously unrecognized impact on supernovae's core and outer envelope. The study shows that neutrino interactions with halo neutrinos significantly alter the explosion's physics, changing element formation.
Astronomers have discovered evidence of a planet's destruction by its aging star, BD+48 740. The star's peculiar chemical composition and highly unusual elliptical orbit suggest that it consumed a massive planet, leaving behind a surviving massive planet with an eccentric orbit.
Researchers describe a new treatment approach for periodontal disease, targeting inflammation and promoting gum tissue regrowth. The controlled-release capsules release a protein that guides immune cells to the diseased area, reducing inflammation and creating an environment conducive to healing.
Researchers have successfully engineered a soil bacterium to produce isobutanol, a renewable fuel source that can be used in current engines with minimal modification. The microbe, Ralstonia eutropha, was modified to use carbon dioxide as its carbon source, paving the way for potential applications in industrial-scale production.
Researchers discovered similarities between compulsive behavior in dogs and humans, including early onset, recurrent behaviors, and nutritional supplements' beneficial effect. The study suggests that dogs can serve as an excellent animal model for studying the genetic background and environmental factors associated with human OCD.
The study aims to evaluate the relationship between zoning code reforms, physical environment, and physical-activity behavior in communities nationwide. Researchers will analyze data from over half of US counties to determine if zoning reforms are linked to increased physical activity levels among adults.
Researchers have discovered compounds in berry wines that inhibit enzymes responsible for carbohydrate absorption, which could lead to a tasty and effective treatment for diabetes. The drinks contain high levels of anthocyanins, which have been shown to reduce inflammation and may have positive effects on cognitive function.
Scientists have developed a new material to restore lost flexibility in human vocal cords, which can help alleviate voice loss due to aging, disease, or medical procedures. The material, called polyethylene glycol 30 (PEG30), is flexible and can vibrate like human vocal cords.
A study found that distressing life events and poverty are significant factors behind many abortions in the US. Nearly half of women who used contraception at the time of pregnancy reported disruptions from these events affecting their contraceptive use.
A national survey of 7,288 US physicians found that 45.8% reported symptoms of burnout, with higher rates in emergency medicine and family medicine specialties. The study highlights the need for policy makers and healthcare organizations to address physician burnout to improve patient care.
Patients with Alzheimer's who suffered delirium episodes had a sharply increased rate of mental decline for up to five years after hospitalization compared to those without episodes. The study highlights the importance of recognizing and preventing delirium, which is estimated to cost the healthcare system billions annually.
New data from WiggleZ galaxy survey finds matter distributed evenly on scales over 350 million light years, contradicting fractal theories. The study's findings support the standard model of cosmology, confirming our understanding of space and time.
A study by Johns Hopkins Medicine warns that declining US infant male circumcision rates could lead to significant healthcare costs. The researchers estimate that each uncircumcised male would incur $313 more in illness-related expenses, totaling $4.4 billion over the next decade.
Researchers found that people see things with greater clarity when they are emotionally arousing and remember them more vividly. This phenomenon, known as 'emotionally enhanced vividness,' is linked to increased activity in the brain's visual cortex and amygdala. Studies used brain imaging measures to confirm these findings.
The ACS symposium highlights the critical role of forensic chemistry in protecting the innocent, featuring exonerated individuals and experts who used DNA testing to prove their innocence. The event also emphasizes the need for reforming the criminal justice system to prevent future injustice.
Tropical Storm Bolaven formed over August 18-19 in the western North Pacific and strengthened under NASA's monitoring. The storm took on a more rounded shape, with colder thunderstorm cloud-top temperatures indicating intensification.
A new study suggests that the 'pro-ana' online community provides a way for individuals with eating disorders to express themselves without judgment, leading to improved mood and increased support. Researchers found that nearly 20% of participants were in recovery, highlighting the potential benefits of this community for treatment.
Researchers have discovered a range of protein targets in Bacillus anthracis that could be used to create new drugs, potentially reducing the risk of resistance. The identification of novel targets is crucial in the fight against anthrax and biological weapon threats.
A U of S-led team discovered a protein in semen that prompts ovulation by acting on the female brain, found to be the same molecule as nerve growth factor regulating nerve cell growth and survival.
A new analysis of coconut water found it contains up to 1,500 mg/liter of potassium, compared to Powerade and Gatorade. The study suggests coconut water is a healthy drink that replenishes nutrients lost during moderate exercise.
A lung cancer risk prediction model developed at the University of Liverpool has been shown to be a viable tool for selecting high-risk individuals. The model was tested in international datasets and found to be more effective than smoking duration or family history alone in predicting individuals at risk.
A new study found that elderly subjects who underwent temporal training improved not only their rate of processing auditory information but also other cognitive areas such as attention and short-term memory. The results were long-lasting, with effects confirmed 18 months after the training.
The National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) is honoring its 50th anniversary with a symposium showcasing research advancements in disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. NIGMS has funded over 74 Nobel laureates and supports research training programs to foster the next generation of scientists.
Typhoon Tembin rapidly intensified over the past 24 hours, growing from a tropical depression to a powerful typhoon with maximum sustained winds near 95 knots. The storm is moving slowly north-northeast and is expected to track across Taiwan by August 23.
Ecologists warn of potential unintended consequences of genetically engineered algae for biofuel production. Researchers argue for independent studies and adequate funding to explore potential risks, including survival in the wild, hybridization, and ecosystem disruption.
Researchers propose a new concept called Quantum Graphity, suggesting that space is composed of tiny indivisible blocks similar to pixels. This idea challenges the traditional Big Bang theory and offers a potential explanation for the nature of space.
According to a US national poll, a lack of exercise is the biggest child health problem in the country. Obesity ranks second, while smoking and tobacco use are also major concerns. The results highlight the importance of public programs and communication initiatives to address these issues.
Researchers have created a 'nanolaboratory' inside a hollow spherical C60 Buckminsterfullerene molecule, allowing them to study the quantum mechanical principles governing the motion of imprisoned hydrogen and water molecules. The experiments revealed wave-like behavior and 'quantum rattling' of the guest molecules within the C60.
A new process converts municipal waste to gasoline, diesel and jet fuel using Integrated Hydropyrolysis and Hydroconversion technology. This process produces a finished, ready-to-use liquid hydrocarbon fuel with the flexibility to use various feedstocks and production costs significantly lower than fossil fuels.
Researchers have developed a new 3D display technology that eliminates the need for glasses, using a single front projector against a screen to create depth cues. The method, which uses polarizers and a specialized coating on the screen, shows promise for cost-effective and space-efficient 3D displays.
A study found that high mammographic breast density, a strong breast cancer risk factor, does not influence survival rates in breast cancer patients. However, low density was associated with increased risk of death among obese patients or those diagnosed with large tumors.
Barbara Keyfitz is awarded the SIAM Prize for Distinguished Service to the Profession for her contributions to applied mathematics. She has revitalized applied mathematics programming, created innovative graduate internship programs, and promoted links between US and Mexican communities.
A new robotic exoskeleton and EEG-based neural interface are being developed to help stroke patients regain upper-limb function. The system will interpret brain waves to control the exoskeleton, allowing patients to willingly operate it with their thoughts.
A recent study found that the number of new heart failure cases in Ontario decreased by 33% between 1997 and 2007, suggesting that preventive measures may be working. The study also showed a decline in mortality rates for people with heart failure, particularly among those over age 85.
Researchers have developed a computational model that accurately simulates the interactions between flue gases and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for capturing greenhouse gases. The model enables the prediction of properties of open-site MOFs, which could dramatically lower energy costs in coal-burning power plants.
A new model developed by Robert Goldston predicts the size of a key barrier to fusion that could serve as a starting point for overcoming it. The agreement appears too close to have happened by chance, suggesting that the model's results are eerily close to data.
Research finds that liberals and conservatives exhibit prejudice against groups with opposing values, while abstract thinking can reduce prejudice towards outsider groups. Studies show that ideological differences drive prejudices rather than other characteristics.
The increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 is impacting marine ecosystems, causing ocean acidification and warming. Unconventional conservation methods are necessary to save marine species from extinction.
Researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute discovered that BACE1 disrupts cellular processes required for PKA function, leading to impaired learning and memory. This finding suggests that targeting BACE1 expression in the brain could be a potential therapy for Alzheimer's disease and age-related memory loss.
A recent study published in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse found that urban American Indian youth who follow traditional spiritual beliefs are less likely to use drugs and alcohol. The study's findings suggest that adherence to these beliefs is the strongest predictor of anti-drug attitudes, norms, and expectations.
The mission will investigate the region for a minimum of two years, making precise measurements of high-energy particles and magnetic fields. The goal is to provide understanding and predictability of space weather conditions, which can influence technological systems and human life.
The COPD Foundation and Brigham and Women's Hospital have launched the second phase of the COPDGene project, a comprehensive study analyzing the human genome to identify genetic predispositions to developing COPD. The study aims to develop specific treatments that could prevent disease progression and improve quality of life for indivi...
A study published in Neurology found that obesity and metabolic abnormalities are associated with a faster decline in cognitive skills. People who were obese and had high blood pressure, low HDL cholesterol, or other risk factors experienced a significant decline in their cognitive test scores over a 10-year period.
A new study by Dr. Inti Pedroso and colleagues has identified key genes and neural signaling pathways involved in the development of bipolar disorder. The findings, published in Biological Psychiatry, provide insight into the complex biology of the disorder and highlight potential new avenues for treatment.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new process to create defect-free patterns of nanocrystal films with nanoscale resolution, enabling applications in electronic devices, solar cells, and biosensors. The electrical conductivity of the films is roughly 180 times greater than that of conventional methods.
A new food biorefinery converts bakery waste and coffee grounds into succinic acid, a key ingredient for making plastics and detergents. The process reduces environmental impact and produces a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels.
A retrospective study published in Archives of Dermatology found that patients with psoriasis treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors have a significantly lower risk of heart attack compared to those not treated with TNF inhibitors. The study included 8,845 patients and adjusted for other MI risk factors.
Daily vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced the risk of winter respiratory infections in Mongolian schoolchildren with low blood levels of vitamin D. The study, published in Pediatrics, showed a 50% decrease in infection incidence among those receiving vitamin D compared to controls.
Children exposed to secondhand smoke have a less sensitive cough reflex, making them more susceptible to environmental threats and increasing the risk of developing respiratory illnesses like pneumonia and bronchitis. The study's findings highlight a previously unrecognized public health risk from exposure to secondhand smoke.
Scientists developed a new fuel mixture by adding glycerol to low-sulfur diesel, reducing emissions of soot-like particulates and nitrogen oxide pollutants by 15% and 26%, respectively. The 'Bunker Green' fuel has improved emission properties and potential to lower fuel costs for the shipping industry.
A survey of carers and pharmacists found that they often incorrectly calculated paracetamol doses for overweight children. The recommended dose should be adjusted according to the child's actual body weight, but many responders got it wrong. To prevent adverse consequences, simple evidence-based dosing guidelines must be developed.
A lack of access to clean water and sanitation affects 2.6 billion people, causing preventable illnesses and deaths. Women in developing countries can play a key role in addressing this issue if given the chance.
A new study suggests that a dual-action polyclonal antibody may offer more effective protection against osteoporosis by slowing bone destruction and building bone. This novel approach has the potential to be safer than existing treatments.
A 63,000-year-old skull found in a cave in northern Laos is the oldest modern human fossil discovered in Southeast Asia. The discovery challenges previous theories on modern human migration, suggesting that ancient wanderers left Africa and inhabited diverse habitats earlier than thought.
The Houston Clean Air Network provides real-time air quality updates using maps of the greater Houston area. The site allows users to track ozone levels and plan their day accordingly, benefiting those with health concerns about ozone or respiratory illnesses like asthma.
Virginia Tech engineers have developed an optimization algorithm to integrate solar technologies into smart grids, allowing for efficient energy storage and usage. The system uses real-time electricity prices and load profiles to control distributed photovoltaic power adoption, maximizing revenue for customers and utility companies.
A review of 172 studies found insufficient evidence to support the use of misoprostol in preventing postpartum hemorrhage in low-income countries. Researchers argue that resources should be focused on improving primary care facilities rather than relying on a pill to prevent every illness.
UT Southwestern Medical Center has been named the official healthcare team of the Dallas Stars, marking a significant expansion of their longstanding relationship with the club. The team will oversee the health needs of players, including injury evaluation and treatment, and promote healthy messages through initiatives such as "Hockey ...
Researchers found that mice exposed to methyl-glyoxal, a heat-processed food compound, developed abdominal weight gain, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. A diet high in MG reduced SIRT1 and AGER1 levels, impairing glucose metabolism.
A new study assesses stereotypes of immigrants from four global regions, including Latin America, and measures opinions on the impact of immigration. The researchers found that perceptions of Latin American immigrants' characteristics are strongly linked to attitudes about unemployment, school quality, and crime.
A team of marine scientists warns that life in the world's oceans is facing a major shock due to human activities. The researchers have compared past extinctions with current trends, finding that global warming, acidification, and pollution are driving mass extinctions today, similar to those that occurred 500 million years ago.
Researchers found clinically significant improvements in pain levels and functional capacity after acupuncture treatment for knee osteoarthritis. The service could save the NHS around £100,000 a year, with group acupuncture being popular among nurses and patients.
Soybeans grown in soil contaminated with zinc oxide or cerium oxide nanoparticles show reduced crop yield and quality. The nanoparticles can accumulate in the plants, affecting food quality and potentially requiring increased use of synthetic fertilizers.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University developed synthetic platelets that double the survival rate of internal injury victims in the first hour after injection. The nanoparticles work by creating healthy clots and binding to natural platelets to form larger clots, reducing bleeding time.
A new study finds that strokes alter muscle synergy patterns, with distinct disruptions following stroke severity and time since the stroke. This discovery could lead to improved rehabilitation for stroke patients and a better understanding of brain motor control.
Recent studies suggest that colonoscopy-related factors are more predictive of colorectal cancer risk than polyp characteristics. High levels of lead exposure also pose significant health risks, even at low blood lead levels. Meanwhile, a new lung cancer screening model shows high accuracy in identifying patients who will benefit from ...
A groundbreaking study has identified the mode of death of cone photoreceptor cells in an animal model of retinitis pigmentosa. The receptor interacting protein (RIP) kinase pathway is found to be involved in cone degeneration, and a deficiency of RIP kinase reduces cone loss.
A new statistical model predicts a significant increase in the number of people over 85 worldwide by 2100, outpacing previous estimates. This will result in fewer working-age adults supporting elderly populations, posing challenges for social security systems globally.
Researchers mapped how light behaves in complex photonic materials, breaking the limit of light resolution at the nanoscale. They developed a new technique combining electronic excitation and optical detection to explore the inside of a photonic crystal, revealing new insights into light-matter interactions.
A study projects that declining male circumcision rates in the US may lead to increased healthcare costs and infection prevalence. Researchers found that reducing MC rates could result in higher estimated lifetime medical costs for men and women.
The American Chemical Society is honoring the 25th anniversary of National Chemistry Week with a symposium. The event aims to promote awareness of chemistry's value in everyday life through hands-on science events and demonstrations. The week-long celebration will feature presentations by prominent chemists, including ACS President Bas...
Researchers found that spirituality is positively correlated with mental health regardless of religious affiliation. Increased spirituality reduces self-centeredness and enhances sense of belonging, leading to lower levels of neuroticism and higher extraversion.
Research suggests that binge drinking is associated with high status and happiness in college, particularly among wealthy, male, white, and Greek affiliated students. However, lower status groups experience increased social satisfaction through binge drinking.