Articles tagged with Dna Repair
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Researchers at EMBL have identified a whole family of proteins capable of directly responding to the alarm signal produced by PARP1 when DNA is damaged. Histone macroH2A1.1 plays a key role in this process, condensing chromatin around damaged areas to increase repair chances.
A three-protein DNA repair complex called MRN is crucial for a normal gene-shuffling process to proceed properly. The study found that Mre11 plays a critical role in preventing cancer by repairing double strand breaks in B cells.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have discovered how a protein molecule named Srs2 removes Rad51 from DNA, preventing unwanted exchanges of DNA sequences. This finding could lead to ways of enhancing chemotherapy drugs that destroy cancer cells by damaging their DNA.
Scientists at the University of Nottingham discovered that an archaeon can resist DNA damage even with mutated enzymes. This finding may hold key to understanding how cancer cells behave and why they are more prone to mutations.
Researchers describe an exquisitely efficient process for DNA repair, revealing the key attributes of the 'sloppier copier' enzyme and its crucial role in conserving energy. The study also solves two other mysteries about the mechanics of DNA repair.
Researchers have discovered that the methane-producing molecule deazaflavin is also involved in DNA repair processes in eukaryotes. The discovery challenges the long-held assumption that deazaflavin is unique to methanogenic bacteria, and has significant implications for our understanding of cellular metabolism and DNA repair.
Researchers genetically engineered mice to lack two genes responsible for repairing DNA damage caused by oxidation, leading to various types of tumors. The study emphasizes the role of DNA repair in preventing carcinogenesis.
The BRIT1 protein enables cellular repair mechanisms to fix damaged DNA by relaxing its packaging. This allows two different DNA repair pathways to access the damage, preventing flawed DNA from being passed on as the cell divides. The study suggests that targeting BRIT1 deficiency could lead to cancer treatment.
Researchers at the University of Alberta have discovered how proteins recognize and repair damaged DNA. The proteins bend the DNA double helix to amplify damage recognition, enabling the next protein to cut out the damaged section. This process can be used to develop new cancer treatments and disease prevention strategies.
Scientists have found a novel way cells fix damage to their DNA, which may also limit the effectiveness of chemotherapy agents. The discovery sheds light on a previously unknown protein called ATLs and its role in connecting two DNA repair pathways.
A recent study by Prof. Zvi Livneh reveals the two-step mechanism of stopgap DNA repair, a major source of mutations in cells. Understanding this process can lead to enhanced treatment options for individuals with deficient natural DNA repair, as well as improved chemotherapy effectiveness against cancer.
New research reveals that DNA repair enzyme TDG plays a crucial role in the effectiveness of cancer drug 5-Fluorouracil. By incorporating itself into DNA, 5FU creates an overload on the repair system, leading to cell death. This finding provides a new understanding of how 5FU kills cancer cells.
Researchers are decoding the network of biological complexes that regulate development, focusing on key proteins involved in gene expression. The study aims to understand how these proteins cooperate to perform functions in healthy cells and compare this with disease states, particularly cancer.
Researchers at Emory University have discovered that DNA repair enzymes can relocate to specific areas of the cell in response to oxidative stress, which is linked to various human diseases. This finding could lead to the development of anti-cancer drugs that target DNA repair mechanisms.
A team of researchers at the University of California, Davis, has recorded and visualized the human DNA repair process using fluorescent microscopy. The study reveals key differences between human and bacterial DNA repair mechanisms, including the regulation of Rad51 protein's growth.
Researchers discovered how defective DNA repair in ATLD and NBS causes distinct pathologies, including neurodegeneration and microcephaly. The study provides insights into the links between brain disease and cancer vulnerability in people carrying these diseases.
University of Michigan researchers have identified the protein Mre11 as a 'caretaker' that repairs DNA damage, in addition to its existing role as a 'gatekeeper' signaling injury. This discovery may lead to new cancer treatments by predicting tumor sensitivity to radiation and therapies.
Two protocols, one for DNA repair homologous recombination and another for sumoylation of proteins, are featured in CSH Protocols. These methods provide a biochemical means to dissect the mechanisms of molecular processes involved in DNA repair and post-translational modification.
Researchers found that HP1 proteins help cells fix damaged DNA by latching onto methylated histones. The study used mouse models to show that one missing version of the protein leads to genomic instability and brain defects.
Researchers from Universite de Montreal and Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital discovered a new biochemical pathway controlling DNA repair, which may lead to improved cancer treatment. The ATR protein plays a key role in this process, and its deficiency is often found in tumour cells.
Researchers have discovered how the Mre11 protein bridges diverse molecular architectures at DNA breaks, resolving paradoxes about its function. The findings offer new strategies for targeting this enzyme in cancer therapies, particularly when combined with other inhibitors of DNA repair.
The structure of the Mre11 protein bound to DNA has been revealed, showing how it recognizes and remodels broken DNA strands. This breakthrough provides insight into the essential function of Mre11 in homologous recombination, a critical method for repairing double-strand breaks.
Researchers at Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research identify enzyme that requires acids and dissolved metals to function, repairing genetic damage under extreme conditions. This discovery opens up new possibilities for biotechnological applications and potential treatments for diseases characterized by over-acidification.
Researchers at MIT have confirmed the long-suspected link between chronic inflammation and increased cancer risk. Chronic stomach inflammation damages DNA, which can lead to mutations that cause cancer. Individuals with poor DNA repair systems may be more susceptible to developing cancer associated with chronic inflammation.
Researchers have solved the XPD protein structure, revealing how small changes in its architecture can cause different diseases. The findings provide novel insight into the processes of aging and cancer.
Researchers propose that bdelloid rotifers' efficient DNA repair capacity and whole-genome duplication enable them to thrive without sex. Their extraordinary resistance to radiation and ability to survive desiccation suggest that their DNA repair mechanism may provide the benefits of sex.
The researchers studied the archaeal version of Rad3, a unique helicase involved in DNA repair. The findings revealed that the integrity of an iron-sulfur cluster is crucial for proper function of the enzyme.
The Yale School of Medicine researchers are studying how cancer cells mend their own chromosomes and DNA after damage caused by radiation and chemotherapy. They hope to create an 'Achilles heel' for cancer cells that would make them more vulnerable to traditional cancer therapies.
Scientists from the University of Chicago and Kyoto University suggest that a DNA-repair mechanism normally prevents tumor growth may instead contribute to poor-prognosis breast cancer in BRCA1 carriers. Elevated RAD51 levels may help cells compensate for the defect, but also lead to genetic instability and increased tumor risk.
Researchers developed a hybrid technique to probe the dynamics of the Holliday junction, a four-stranded DNA structure that forms during homologous recombination. The study found that the intermediate structure is similar to that of a Holliday junction bound to its own processing enzyme.
Experts will assess progress and global priorities in DNA barcoding, a field with potential applications in disease prevention, environmental monitoring, and consumer protection. The conference aims to share latest insights and techniques among scientists and officials.
A connection between DNA damage control and chromatin remodeling has been discovered, opening new avenues for cancer treatment. The study reveals that phosphorylation of a chromatin remodeling complex regulates checkpoint pathways but not DNA repair pathways.
Researchers found that when a specific helicase is defective, yeast chromosomes become more prone to exchanging strands during DNA repair, increasing the risk of chromosomal rearrangements. This fundamental insight into DNA-break repair may provide new avenues for understanding early-onset cancer syndromes like Bloom's syndrome.
Studies show that double-strand breaks and radiation-induced foci occur at specific regions of the nucleus for repair, contradicting previous assumptions of random distribution. The findings suggest a time effect, with microscope images showing nonrandom distribution of RIF within five minutes of exposure to high-energy particles.
Scientists at Karolinska Institutet have found a new way chromosomes are repaired after damage, contrary to the long-held view that cohesion only occurs during cell division. The discovery shows cohesin reactsivate when DNA breaks, allowing cells to fix damaged sister chromatids.
Researchers found that a specific enzyme, ATM, plays a crucial role in shutting down transcription near sites of DNA damage, ensuring repair in an undisturbed environment. This discovery could lead to a better understanding of genetic aberrations and cancer development in individuals with ATM deficiency.
A new database developed by researchers at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute provides a detailed portrait of the army of over 700 proteins that helps maintain DNA's integrity. The study reveals that two critical enzymes, ATM and ATR, act as sensors to detect trouble and initiate repair pathways.
Researchers identified a short tandem array of telomeric repeats bound by a Rap1/Trf2 complex as sufficient to impede non-homologous end joining at human telomeric DNA ends. This finding opens the door to understanding mechanisms that initiate genomic instability in cancer cells.
St. Jude researchers used a new technique to monitor the movement of DNA repair proteins as they interacted with each other and gathered at the site of damage. The study found that disruption of these proteins can cause mutations, cell death, or cancer, providing critical insights into DNA repair mechanisms.
Researchers found that a miscue in the body's genetic repair system may cause Huntington's disease, a fatal condition that destroys the nervous system. The study revealed that repeated tracts of replacement repair segments become toxic and accelerate cell death.
Researchers found that genetic mutations affecting DNA repair kits cause greater variation in individuals, leading to increased physical diversity. This contradicts the 'lek paradox' argument that sexually-selecting species should have less individuality.
Researchers at the Salk Institute reveal how cellular repair proteins recruit a second machinery to create a protective structure at chromosome ends, maintaining chromosomal stability. Telomeres exist to prevent damage and ensure cell division integrity.
Researchers discovered that cells in young fruit flies use simpler DNA repair mechanisms compared to older flies. The findings suggest that these simpler methods may contribute to genetic damage and aging, but also leave behind residual damage from earlier years.
Researchers discovered that a genetic repair mechanism enables the dynamic assembly and change of shape in proteins to join DNA ends during replication and repair. This mechanism allows DNA ligases to switch between open and closed conformations, enabling efficient ligation of DNA.
A team of researchers has discovered that DNA ligase changes shape from an open to a closed conformation as it joins DNA strands together. This finding reveals new insights into the genetic repair mechanism and its potential as a target for cancer treatment.
Direct observations of DNA are giving new insights into genetic material copying and repair processes, revealing how enzymes like RecA assemble into filaments. The findings have implications for understanding breast cancer risk and future studies on single enzymes at work unwinding DNA strands.
A University of Florida study reveals that cigarette smoke can turn normal breast cells cancerous by blocking their ability to repair themselves. Cells with damaged DNA may accumulate mutations and lead to tumor formation if they survive long enough to divide.
Researchers have discovered a protein complex called Smc5/6 that plays a crucial role in repairing damaged DNA and untangling chromosomes before cell division. The complex is involved in two distinct pathways, one for repair and the other for untangling, and its function has significant implications for understanding genetic stability.
A Dartmouth study found that arsenic in drinking water can inhibit DNA repair, leading to increased cancer risks. The researchers measured arsenic levels in urine and toenails of participants in New Hampshire and Mexico, and found a correlation between high arsenic levels and impaired DNA repair.
Researchers discovered a web of inter-related responses that cells use to avoid becoming diseased or cancerous after being exposed to environmental toxins. The findings could eventually be used to develop drugs to boost DNA repair in response to environmental toxins and possibly treat inherited degenerative diseases.
A new discovery in archaea DNA unwinding enzymes XPB revealed unexpected genome repair functions, which may improve some forms of chemotherapy. The study found that XPB interacts with damaged DNA and enhances its unwinding activity.
Researchers found that chromosome ends elicit a limited DNA damage response when exposed, but not during normal replication. This discovery highlights the importance of telomeres in preserving genome integrity and preventing cancer development.
Scientists have discovered the roles of two proteins in recognizing blockages in transcription and initiating efficient repair. Their results suggest a previously unsuspected mechanism for the repair process, shedding light on Cockayne Syndrome, a fatal form of accelerated aging.
The Mayo team identified a key protein that fails to recognize specific forms of DNA under certain conditions, leading to defective DNA repair. This discovery holds promise for designing new therapies for Huntington's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers from Johns Hopkins report that the band leader controlling DNA copying also brings the jam session to a close, intricately connecting the two processes. This discovery sheds light on the development of immune system cancers.
Scientists found a new role for protein ATF2 in DNA repair, which may pave the way to cancer treatments. The study reveals that ATF2's dual function in regulating cell cycle and programmed cell death can be uncoupled from its DNA repair function.
Researchers have crystallized polynucleotide kinase (PNK), a key enzyme involved in DNA repair, opening up possibilities for developing drugs that inhibit cancer's ability to repair itself. The discovery builds on existing work and provides new targets for improving treatment effectiveness and preventing cancer growth.
Researchers identified genes in yeast that cooperate to prevent DNA mutations and genome rearrangements caused by oxygen radicals. This discovery may lead to new strategies for alleviating clinical symptoms of human diseases associated with genetic deficiencies of DNA damage responses, including potential cancer therapies.
Helices are a great way to bunch up long molecules like DNA, enabling information to be tightly packed and forming a surface for machines to grasp. Researchers envision a flexible tube immersed in hard spheres to visualize how space matters in helix formation.
A study found that breast cancer patients have lower DNA repair capacity compared to control subjects, increasing their risk of breast cancer. Deficient DNA repair capacity was associated with a threefold higher risk in women with poor DNA repair capacity.