Articles tagged with Dna Sequences
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study published in Journal of Biogeography reveals that ancestors of Proteaceae plants must have crossed the Atlantic and Indian Oceans to reach their current distribution ranges. This finding challenges the long-held assumption that Gondwanaland's biota simply moved with the continents as they broke up.
The ENCODE project reveals that most human DNA is transcribed into RNA and that transcripts extensively overlap one another. This challenges the long-standing view of a small set of discrete genes and 'junk' DNA, suggesting instead that genes are just one type of functional DNA sequence.
A major new effort uncovers medium- and large-scale genetic differences between humans, including structural variations in DNA sequences that amount to 5-10% of the genome. These changes can influence disease susceptibility and normal functioning.
Scientists at Arizona State University are working on a new DNA sequencing project that combines physics, chemistry, and nanotechnology to dramatically lower the cost of genome sequencing. The goal is to make genome sequencing a routine diagnostic tool in medical care for diagnosing and treating common diseases.
Scientists at UCSD and Brown University have developed InvChecker, a software program that accurately detects microinversions in genomes. By comparing DNA sequences of multiple species, the tool reveals shared mutations, providing valuable insights into evolutionary relationships and biological mechanisms.
Researchers developed a DNA cassette allowing insertion of a nanomechanical device into a DNA array. The device enables manipulation of the array at specific sites, with potential applications in synthetic fibers, information encryption, and DNA-based computation.
Researchers found protein splicing occurs beyond RNA splicing, producing non-linear peptides and expanding antigenic options. This mechanism increases the number of potential antigens from a single protein, widening vaccine applicability against cancer and infectious diseases.
A Brown University research team has successfully used DNA to assemble and grow complex zinc oxide nanowires, which can create light and generate electricity. The new structures have potential applications in medical diagnostics, security sensors, fiber optical networks, and computer circuits.
A recent study by Stanford University researchers has discovered that gene transcription enzyme RNAP makes frequent pauses at specific sites on the DNA double helix. The pause durations and frequencies were found to be sequence-dependent, with enzymes pausing at particular sites in response to specific signals in the DNA.
Cross-species DNA sequence comparisons can accurately identify human regulatory DNA sequences when comparing closely related species. The study used a uniform approach to assess the impact of evolutionary distance, finding sensitivity improved by 53-80% and true-positive rates ranging from 53-67%.
Researchers found genetic markers revealing the origins of two major rice types grown today: Oryza sativa indica from India and Myanmar, and Oryza sativa japonica from southern China. The study's findings provide insights into improving the crop's nutritional value and disease resistance in Asia.
Researchers have developed a new method called colorimetric screening to detect molecules that can facilitate the formation of a special form of DNA called a triple helix. This method uses gold nanoparticles and DNA to distinguish between strong, medium and weak binders to DNA.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a method to detect trace amounts of contaminants using single-walled carbon nanotubes coated with DNA. The technique allows for passive sensing of hybridization, enabling the detection of specific DNA sequences in living cells.
Scientists uncover the final steps of retrotransposon replication, revealing how they integrate into human genomes and contributing to genetic disease and genome expansion. The study sheds light on the mechanism behind the accumulation of millions of 'junk' genes.
The new technique involves an unusual blend of organic and inorganic components, using quantum dots as a DNA sensor to detect specific parts of a DNA sequence. It can identify genetic defects and mutations quickly and relatively simply.
Scientists have developed a method to add larger chemical groups to DNA using enzymes that recognize specific sequences. This technique allows for the manipulation of DNA function and has potential applications in labeling biomolecules such as RNA and proteins.
Researchers at Oregon State University have used X-ray crystallography to determine the three-dimensional structures of nearly all possible sequences of a macromolecule, creating a map of DNA structure. This breakthrough should fundamentally improve our understanding of genetic function and biological processes.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a method to create DNA-based structures using magnetic nanoparticles and restriction enzymes. By clipping the DNA 'wires' into smaller pieces, they aim to reduce production costs and increase efficiency in electronic devices.
Researchers have developed a DNA translation machine that imitates the ribosome's translational capabilities. The device uses an arbitrary code to construct specific DNA sequences, potentially leading to new synthetic polymer materials and advancements in DNA-based computational methods.
A new system, Genomic Messaging System (GMS), has been developed to store and transmit whole sequences of patient DNA in a compressed form while maintaining privacy. This technology could enable doctors to prescribe tailored treatments based on unique genetic variations.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding how proteins interact with DNA. Using NMR spectroscopy, Rutgers chemist Babis Kalodimos determined how proteins find their specific sequences among millions of non-functional ones. This breakthrough offers valuable insights into protein-DNA interaction and gene expression.
Researchers at UNC found that 77% of red snapper samples were mislabeled as another species, including lane snapper and vermilion snapper. This widespread mislabeling threatens to distort fish stock estimates and fisheries management.
Researchers discovered a chromatin remodeling protein called DRD1 that enables RNA-directed DNA methylation in plants. This finding highlights the importance of chromatin remodeling in rendering nucleosomal DNA accessible to RNA signals and/or DNA methyltransferases.
A team of scientists at Stanford University re-analyzed the DNA samples from the alleged Romanov remains, finding significant discrepancies that challenge previous conclusions. The researchers argue that the original genetic tests were flawed due to contamination or degradation, which led to inaccurate results.
Researchers have developed a new software tool called PathBLAST that can represent and compare protein interaction networks from different organisms. The tool uses algorithms to translate the information into a linear code, allowing for rapid comparisons of interaction networks.
Researchers at UC Davis discovered that a DNA enzyme called RecBCD slows down its movement when it encounters a specific short DNA sequence called Chi. This finding provides new insights into how DNA is repaired and replicated, and could lead to the development of more efficient nanomachines.
Researchers at the University of Rochester have developed a new DNA chip that can rapidly detect and identify dangerous pathogens. The chip uses a simple method to analyze genetic material quickly and accurately, eliminating time-consuming steps typically used in traditional techniques.
The study generates a comprehensive description of human chromosome 7, including medically relevant landmarks and disease-related mutations. The database is publicly accessible, enabling healthcare professionals and researchers to identify specific genes associated with diseases such as autism.
A team of researchers led by Michael R. Brent developed a new computer program to predict genes by analyzing patterns of evolutionary conservation. They identified 1,019 predicted novel mouse genes with high accuracy, including those involved in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and neural development.
Researchers found that abnormally short DNA sequences on chromosome 4 interfere with the function of a protein complex, leading to over-activity of nearby genes. This discovery provides insights into novel ways genes can influence disease and may lead to new treatments for FSHD.
Scientists at the University of Warwick have created a large synthetic molecule that binds to the major groove of DNA, causing it to coil up and resembling how chromosomes package DNA. This breakthrough could enable precise control over gene expression and improve treatments for diseases by delivering drugs directly to specific cells.
A new test standard developed by NIST increases the accuracy of paternity testing through the use of 20 markers on the Y chromosome. The test helps simplify and validate DNA identification processes in forensic and human ID tests.
A comprehensive study of flamingo genes reveals a shocking family tree, with the elegant flamingo's closest relative being the squat grebe. The study's findings suggest that physical features like long legs and webbed feet evolved repeatedly in aquatic bird species, contradicting traditional classification systems.
A comprehensive analysis of aquatic bird genes reveals that flamingos are closely related to grebes, contrary to their physical appearance. The study suggests that evolutionary change occurred at a faster pace than previously recognized, with physical features evolving repeatedly in different species.
Future wireless devices may use multiple antennas to outperform single-antenna versions, reducing interference and increasing reception accuracy. This technology could enable three times as many users to operate within the same frequency band.