Articles tagged with Evolutionary Genetics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study by Johns Hopkins researchers found that neutral genetic drift contributed significantly to the human genome, with mitochondrial DNA elements accumulating and spreading across populations. The study suggests these neutral elements had little impact on human health and fitness.
Scientists identify rapid evolution of plant defense genes as a cause of hybrid incompatibility, leading to sterility and defective offspring. This phenomenon may contribute to the formation of new species through gradual genetic incompatibilities.
A study from Rice University reveals that cooperative single-celled amoebae use family ties to prevent cheaters from undermining their colonies' health. By associating with kin, the amoebae's social system prevents the spread of selfish mutants.
Researchers at the University of Oregon discovered a fundamental genetic mechanism in a marine worm that determines cell diversity and plays a role in cancer. The beta-catenin signaling pathway was found to be highly conserved throughout the animal kingdom.
New study reveals chimpanzees act altruistically toward genetically unrelated conspecifics, even when no reward is expected. This finding suggests the evolutionary roots of human altruism may be deeper than previously thought, reaching back to the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees.
A study reported in Current Biology shows that captive chimpanzees can acquire new traditions and spread them to other troops. This suggests a considerable capacity for cultural spread of innovations among chimpanzees, similar to what is seen in the wild.
Researchers found a correlation between horn growth and genetic diversity in alpine ibex, with greater diversity associated with longer horn lengths. The study suggests that genetic quality becomes more apparent as the animal ages, supporting the mutation accumulation theory of ageing.
Researchers at the University of Leeds discovered that leaf-cutting ant larvae can switch development based on environmental stimuli and colony needs. This flexible genetic coding allows colonies to adapt to changing workforce demands.
A team of international scientists has described the rules that govern how plants arrange flowers into branching structures, known as 'inflorescences'. The new unifying theory provides an explanation for the diversity of inflorescences in nature, including regional variations and developmental patterns.
The first issue of the HFSP Journal showcases innovative interdisciplinary research at the interface between biology and physics. The journal features articles on topics such as magnetoreception, ERKII signaling, and protein evolution, highlighting the intersection of multiple scientific disciplines.
Scientists found that genes present in primitive bony fish like paddlefish are also found in tetrapods, overturning the long-held theory of limb acquisition. The study reveals a pattern of gene activity similar to that seen in tetrapod limbs in paddlefish fins.
A study by Cardiff University found that DNA similarity between African bushbuck populations can reveal similarities and differences in ecoregions. The research identifies 28 key regions for the species, providing a framework for pan-African conservation efforts.
Researchers analyzed 30 years of data to understand how initial processes shaped the virus's geographic spread, revealing key factors like mountain ranges and rivers affecting its expansion. The study provides insights into the epidemiology of rabies and other emerging zoonotic diseases.
Scientists found a new species of sea anemone, Anthosactis pearseae, living on the carcass of a dead whale 1.8 miles below sea level. The anemone is small and white, with roughly uniform tentacle length, and may provide clues about human impact on deep-sea ecosystems.
Researchers found that all hooded seal populations worldwide exhibit identical genetic diversity, indicating they intermingle and mate across populations. This discovery sheds light on the mysterious animal's behavior, with potential implications for conservation efforts.
Researchers have discovered a genetically pure Pinta tortoise, potentially leading to species recovery for the endangered giant Galápagos tortoise. The findings offer hope that Lonesome George's legacy can be transformed from an enduring symbol of rarity into a conservation success story.
Researchers created a supermap of the H5N1 virus using genetic, geographic, and evolutionary data to predict future outbreaks. The map revealed no significant association between mutations in surface proteins HA and NA and specific host types.
Researchers at Yale University have identified a tortoise with half its genes in common with Lonesome George, the famous Galápagos tortoise. The discovery raises hopes for a conservation success story and potentially sets up a captive breeding program to recover the species.
Scientists have found that a group of sea snails can regain the lost larval stage, breaking Dollo's Law. This discovery suggests that animals may carry the potential for evolutionary change around with them.
A recent study on chimpanzee genetics reveals three distinct groups with considerable genetic variation, which has important implications for conservation efforts. The research team found that the traditional geography-based sorting of chimps into western, central, and eastern populations is supported by significant genetic differences.
The completed Rhesus macaque DNA sequence has advanced understanding of primate evolution and will enhance medical research in various fields. The analysis revealed examples of duplicated segments, expanded gene families, and individual genes influenced by natural selection.
A new study has found that the ancestors of modern mammals did not quickly evolve and spread to fill empty niches following the mass extinctions of dinosaurs. Instead, diversification rates dropped and stayed low for 40 million years, with modern mammal orders emerging around 50-55 million years ago.
A new study published in PLoS Genetics used computer simulations to trace genetic changes over thousands of generations in a simulated population, testing the effectiveness of statistical genetic methods in identifying multiple genes causing complex diseases. The researchers found that known methods are limited and identified which met...
Researchers successfully engineered mice to see colors beyond the normal range by introducing a single human gene that codes for a light sensor. This breakthrough demonstrates the flexibility of the mammalian brain in processing sensory information, opening new avenues for understanding the evolution of color vision.
Researchers found that asexual bdelloid rotifers have evolved independently into distinct entities, with genetic and morphological cohesion within populations and divergence between them. This suggests that factors other than interbreeding control species cohesion and divergence in these organisms.
A genetic analysis of vespid wasps reveals that eusociality evolved separately in two groups, contradicting a long-held model. The study adds weight to earlier findings and sheds light on the complexity of evolutionary processes.
A UCSB study found evidence of a nonconscious mechanism in the human brain that identifies genetic siblings based on cues guided by hunter-gatherer ancestors. This mechanism regulates feelings of altruism and aversion to incestuous relations, suggesting natural selection played a role in its evolution.
Studies on Mexican cavefish reveal distinct evolutionary pathways for eyes and pigmentation. Evolution by natural selection drives eye regression due to metabolic costs, while genetic drift influences pigment cell density variations.
A new statistical method helps choose animals that are more congenial in groups, improving productivity and animal well-being. The tool aids in predicting how social interactions impact the natural evolution of species, with potential applications for securing the world's food supply.
A new study suggests that human males have evolved mechanisms to outcompete rivals for fertilization, even after sex. This phenomenon, dubbed 'sperm competition,' can lead to increased sperm count and more aggressive sexual behavior in response to perceived infidelity.
A new model proposes that sexual differentiation may exact a high biological cost, reducing function of mitochondria and influencing longevity. The model predicts which genes regulate life span and suggests testable hypotheses for exploring the biggest question in aging research.
Researchers found that splice-enhancer domains, which code for specific amino acids, influence protein evolution and are subject to selective pressure. Smaller exons near intron-exon boundaries also evolve more slowly.
Recent studies on animal migration have gained insights into the evolution of this complex phenomenon, yet much remains unknown. Advances in technology are helping scientists better understand the mechanisms behind migration, including the role of genetic correlations in determining future evolutionary changes.
New research by Rice University scientists reveals that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) contributes to the speed of evolution, allowing life forms to adapt faster. The study proposes a mathematical model that accounts for HGT and its impact on the dynamics of evolution.
Researchers at the University of Southern California have identified approximately 350 genes influencing oyster growth rate, revealing new insights into hybrid vigor. This discovery has implications for efficient and sustainable domestication of oysters and other ocean species.
Marine scientists discovered that baby fish can find their way back to their home coral reef by using their sense of smell, braving strong currents and predators. This unique ability has major implications for how reefs are managed and drives evolution on the Reef.
A 36,000-year-old human skull from South Africa confirms the 'Out of Africa' theory of modern human origins. The fossil provides critical evidence that modern humans migrated out of sub-Saharan Africa around this time.
Despite rapid brain growth, human brain genes have slowed down evolution since the split from chimpanzees. Complexity and gene-gene interactions place constraints on brain genes, hindering change. Genes in humans evolve more slowly than in other primates or mice.
A study at UNC Chapel Hill found that specific genetic variants of the COMT gene can affect pain processing by altering messenger RNA secondary structure. The discovery may lead to more effective treatments for TMJD and other chronic pain conditions.
UCSF scientists have identified a cell population, known as von Economo neurons, that is selectively targeted by frontotemporal dementia. This discovery provides new insight into the early degenerative process of the disease and may lead to new strategies for treatment.
Russian mathematician Grigori Perelman solved the Poincaré Conjecture in 2006, a problem proposed by Henri Poincaré in 1904. His proof was completed by three separate teams and led to him being awarded the Fields Medal.
A plant evolutionary biologist is conducting genetic studies on red rice to understand molecular differences with cultivated rice, which could lead to eradication of the weed. Researchers are testing hypotheses that red rice may have originated from feral or hybridized wild species, and will use this knowledge to develop control methods.
Researchers identified a male-specific gene, PlestMID, in an oogamous green algae species that evolved from its isogamous ancestor's dominant sex. This breakthrough provides insights into the evolution of male-female dichotomy and the origin of distinct sperm and egg cells.
A massive effort to sequence and compare complete or partial genomes of Plasmodium falciparum has revealed nearly 47,000 genetic variations. This data will help researchers understand the parasite's evolution and study malarial drug resistance. New antigens identified may be potential targets for new therapeutics or vaccines.
Researchers at Cornell University discovered a mutant mouse with increased genomic instability, leading to mammary tumors. The study suggests that impaired DNA replication genes may contribute to breast cancer.
Two studies on bee evolution support a new hypothesis that bees originated in Africa over 100 million years ago. The discovery of an ancient bee fossil in amber provides strong evidence for this theory.
Researchers discovered a new gene in the gulf pipefish that codes for an astacin protein, previously associated with kidney and liver function. This protein may have evolved to support male pregnancy in this species, a mystery in evolutionary biology.
A recent study published in BMC Evolutionary Biology found that lemurs with strikingly different coat colors are genetically related and belong to the same species. The research analyzed mitochondrial genes from 70 mouse lemurs, showing they all belong to Microcebus griseorufus, regardless of their geographical location.
Researchers analyzed mitochondrial genes of 70 lemurs suspected of being different species due to striking coat colors, finding they belonged to the same Microcebus griseorufus species. Genetic analysis revealed no significant differences among them, suggesting that morphological variations may not necessarily indicate distinct species.
Researchers sequenced the purple sea urchin genome, detecting an unusually large number of innate immunity genes and early components of adaptive immune system. The findings suggest that complex genetic regulatory circuits were assembled in a late evolutionary event.
Researchers have produced the first molecular 'dictionary' of social amoeba species, revealing a major trend in the evolution of increased cell specialization and organism size. The study provides a powerful tool to examine molecular mechanisms driving evolution and development.
A genetic study by Dr. Marie Kmita and her colleagues reveals how Hox genes control limb formation and generate asymmetry in arms and legs. The sequential activation of these genes sets up the architecture of limbs, triggering the activation of a 'polarizing' gene called Sonic Hedgehog.
Researchers found that some viruses, like the human polyomavirus JCV, may be evolving at higher rates than previously assumed. The virus is traditionally used as a genetic marker for human migration and evolution, but its reliability has been called into question by this new study.
In a study published in PNAS, researchers found that female pronghorns prioritize male vigor over ornamentation when choosing a mate. This leads to the survival advantage of offspring sired by these vigorous males, as they exhibit faster growth rates and increased survival up to five years.
Research on Glanville fritillary butterflies found that females with enhanced flight capabilities reproduce more quickly and establish new populations. The study suggests that genetic differences influence behavior, and the environment favors individuals with certain traits.
An interdisciplinary team will investigate how environmental changes influence an organism's evolution and how the evolving organism affects the ecosystem. The study, led by UC Riverside's David Reznick, aims to understand eco-evolutionary feedback loops in guppy populations coexisting with Hart's killifish.
Researchers discovered that the cell cycle's temporal regulation evolves rapidly, with changes occurring every 100 million years. This fast evolution is unexpected for a fundamental process like cell division.
A study in Heliconius butterflies reveals that a single 'supergene' controls the variation of their wing patterns. The researchers found that this supergene region, responsible for producing diversity in color patterns, is conserved across three species.
A recent study published in Journal of Vision found that judging facial similarity in children can accurately estimate the probability that two children are close genetic relatives. Researchers used participants' ratings to transform into estimates of genetic relatedness.
Research reveals that a specific receptor gene's variation affects perception of bitter compounds in plants, such as glucosinolates found in broccoli. This study supports the idea that evolution shaped human taste preferences to avoid thyroid-inhibiting compounds.