Articles tagged with Gene Products
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at MIPT found that combined mutations of two genes in Drosophila flies result in synergistic effects on phenotypic expression, leading to defects in leg formation, memory impairment, and reduced resistance to superoxide radicals. The study provides insights into the mechanisms of morphogenesis and detoxification.
Researchers identified a chromosomal deletion in the CFHR gene cluster, resulting in production of a hybrid CFHR2/CFRH5 that stabilized C3 convertase. Treatment with soluble C1 restored C3 convertase decay and may be a promising treatment option for patients with refractory dense deposit disease.
A new study reveals fewer differences in white shark gene products associated with metabolism compared to humans than zebrafish, sparking questions about the distinctiveness of this iconic species. The research also finds greater similarity between white sharks and humans in other aspects of their heart transcriptome.
A study has identified 114 genes on the X chromosome that have escaped silencing, including 76 previously unknown. These genes are often associated with mental impairment and may hold clues to better management of XXX syndrome.
A recent study published in the Journal of Political Economy suggests that intellectual property rights on existing technologies can discourage subsequent scientific research. Researchers found a persistent 20-30% reduction in subsequent scientific research and product development for genes held by Celera's intellectual property.
Researchers found that DNp63a employs epigenetics to silence anti-proliferative genes, keeping cancer cells alive independently of p53. This discovery opens up new possibilities for targeting the protein's partner enzymes to break its cancer-causing mechanism.
Scientists are investigating the genetic components of song expression in singing mice, a species known for its melodic trills. By analyzing the FOXP2 gene, researchers aim to gain insights into the neural mechanisms underlying vocalization and potentially shed light on human language disorders.
Researchers at University of York and GlaxoSmithKline have identified a complex gene cluster responsible for producing the medicinal compound noscapine. This discovery will accelerate breeding of high-noscapine poppy varieties, which could provide a reliable source of this valuable medicine.
A team at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has found a striking association between Fragile-X gene mutations and autism, identifying 60 new candidate genes. The study suggests that these genes are regulated by FMRP, a protein encoded by the Fragile-X gene, which plays a vital role in neural development and synaptic plasticity.
Two distinguishable gene groups have been detected: one producing abundant biochemical products and functioning properly in most biological processes, and another with potentially abnormal function in diseases. The findings have significant implications for tailoring therapy to individual patients
Researchers aim to generate antibodies against human proteins without animal testing, using bacterial and yeast libraries to identify active genes. This could lead to a better understanding of human disease and potential therapeutic targets.
Researchers have discovered two gene clusters in plants producing valuable compounds, providing insights into their evolution and function. The clusters, found in dynamic regions of the genome, are maintained as a whole due to evolutionary pressure, enabling coordinated gene expression.
The 1001 Genomes Project reveals a vast number of variations in the Arabidopsis genome, including hundreds of genes missing or present in different strains. This flexibility is believed to contribute to the plant's adaptability to various environmental conditions.
Elsevier's Genome Viewer provides interactive gene sequence information from NCBI's databases, allowing readers to hover over genes for specific details and download complete lists of genes and genomes. The tool enhances the reading experience for both authors and readers, enriching article content and improving presentation.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute discovered how cells create alternate versions of mRNA transcripts by altering how they read DNA. This leads to alternative forms of proteins, which can be used in different developmental stages or cell types.
A new method developed by researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine has revealed functional gene networks in a live organism. The technique allows for the prediction of gene functions and could be useful for understanding human disease.
Researchers have developed a method to profile malaria-causing parasite P. falciparum, identifying genes associated with severe infection in pregnant women and children. The study aims to provide new understanding of childhood malaria severity.
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg have identified 12 genes linked to aggressive breast cancer, which could lead to more reliable prognoses and better treatment strategies. The study found that these genes are associated with an increased risk of tumor progression, cell growth, motility, and development.
Rutgers researchers have discovered the genetic basis for a hard kernel in quality protein maize (QPM) corn, which is essential for economical and nutritious food crops. The findings could lead to better hybrids and increase the supply of this nutritional staple in developing countries.
Researchers use a virus-induced gene silencing approach to study the function of genes in plants' aging processes. They found that modifying genes involved in ethylene production can delay senescence in cut flowers and potted plants.
A new study by University of Michigan scientists suggests that evolutionary genetic mechanisms underlying changes in form and function are distinct. Researchers found that genes affecting morphology (form) evolved faster than those affecting physiology (function), supporting the idea that morphological changes result from gene expressi...
A Stanford University computer scientist developed a method that uses mathematical logic and large public databases to find new genes involved in stem cell development. In just milliseconds, the technique identified 62 genes that match expected patterns, providing clues for researchers on where to look next.
Scientists found an inverse relationship between gene duplication and alternative splicing in plants, with implications for diversity in animals and humans. The study reveals distinct defense strategies between fast-growing and woody perennial trees.
A team of scientists led by Ross Hardison has made significant discoveries about the mechanisms of gene regulation in red blood cells. They found that transcription factor GATA-1 controls the expression of over 2,600 genes by binding to specific sites on DNA.
Researchers at NC State will analyze the role of 33 lignin-producing genes in black cottonwood trees to determine how they impact lignin content. The study aims to develop a mathematical model to create specific types and levels of lignin suited for various applications.
Researchers discovered Alc1's chromatin remodeling enzyme activity is strongly activated by NAD and Parp1. This suggests a mechanism for Parp1 and poly(ADP-ribose) to function in transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, and DNA replication
A special issue of Trends in Microbiology publishes reviews on the Gene Ontology, a powerful language that enables researchers to describe disease-related and beneficial interactions between microbes and their hosts. The Gene Ontology provides a shared vocabulary for scientists to link experimental results to computer-readable language...
The Peter and Patricia Gruber Foundation awards $500,000 to Hall, Rosbash, and Young for their groundbreaking discoveries on the molecular mechanisms controlling circadian rhythms in the nervous system. Their research revealed a transcriptional feedback loop that oscillates during the 24-hour cycle, driving daily behavior.
Researchers at NYU's Center for Genomics and Systems Biology identified approximately 300 genes that break phenotypic robustness when knocked out, leading to physical differences in the species. These findings provide new understanding of how organisms develop and function reliably despite environmental changes.
Researchers at Uppsala University have identified a novel cell division mechanism in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, which may provide insights into human cell biology and evolutionary history. The discovery of three genes that form a sharp band between chromosomes suggests a unique process for cell separation.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute found that certain microRNAs regulate growth and aging processes in plants by inhibiting TCP transcription factors. This results in slower aging and increased lifespan, with potential applications for cultivating longer-lived and faster-growing plants.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have uncovered the genetic pathway that controls abscission in plants, shedding light on this fundamental physiological process. The discovery has significant implications for regulating fruit quality and pre-harvest fruit drop in commercial industries.
Scientists have identified intricate biochemical networks involving a class of proteins that enable genes to express themselves in specific tissues. The discovery sheds light on gene regulation and its relevance to human diseases, including developmental illnesses such as autism and heart disease.
Scientists identify a new role for 'power plants' in human cells, where tRNAs are imported from cytoplasm to mitochondria, offering potential therapeutic options for dozens of diseases. The discovery could lead to therapies for conditions like diabetes, hearing loss, and neurological disorders.
The study reveals hundreds of biological differences between male and female gene expression in the cerebral cortex, indicating a long-evolved signature of sex differences. These findings have implications for medical dosages and treatments of diseases or damage to the brain.
A recent study published in PLOS Genetics reveals hundreds of biological differences between male and female brains, with some differences persisting for millions of years. The findings suggest that these sex differences may have functional implications for brain function and disease treatment.
Researchers have identified a plant gene cluster that produces a triterpene compound, previously unknown in plants. The study reveals how plants can assemble beneficial gene clusters to produce valuable natural products.
Researchers at NC State University have developed a method to silence a gene that turns nicotine into a carcinogen, resulting in a six-fold decrease in N-nitrosonornicotine and a 50% overall reduction in TSNAs. This breakthrough could lead to tobacco products with reduced amounts of cancer-causing agents.
A University of Toronto-led study found that alternative splicing is more highly regulated in nervous system tissues, allowing for specific functions in memory and learning. This new understanding of gene regulation has significant implications for human diseases such as cancers.
The Pichia stipitis fungus has been harnessed for improved biofuels production through the characterization of its genetic blueprint. The research identified key genes responsible for xylose fermentation and analysis of metabolic pathways. This knowledge can be applied to improve cellulosic ethanol production.
A team of researchers from the University of Georgia has created a working model that explains how biological clocks work at the molecular level. The discovery has significant implications for understanding diseases such as cancer and sleep disorders, which are often linked to clock gene regulation.
Invitrogen introduced its new free online scientific resource collection, iGene, allowing researchers to search for experimental reagents by gene or protein. The company also launched the Premo comeleon calcium sensor, which uses fluorescent protein color emission to detect calcium levels in live cells.
Researchers at HortResearch have fine-tuned gene discovery to accurately determine fruit flavors and fragrances, enabling the creation of 'Nature Identical' compounds. Biofermentation techniques can produce desired compounds at low cost and environmental impact.
The DOE JGI has released IMG 1.5, which contains 62 finished and 100 draft genomes sequenced by the institute. The release includes 38 new DOE JGI genomes and 21 new public microbial genomes, with 22 archaeal genomes featuring curated gene models.
Researchers at Rutgers University discovered that the human protein lipin is a critical enzyme in regulating body fat. The study found that lipin plays a crucial role in fat metabolism, and its activity may be an important target for treating obesity and related conditions.
A comprehensive update of E. coli K-12 genes has been published, providing a centralized resource for the scientific community. The project, led by MBL scientists, aims to improve understanding of gene function and accelerate laboratory work.
Researchers have identified 10,567 active promoters in the human genome using a set of DNA microarrays. This breakthrough may help investigate genetic causes of diseases and inform personalized therapies.
Researchers found unique patterns of gene expression on women's X chromosomes, with 15% of genes escaping inactivation. This variation can affect sex-specific traits and health outcomes, highlighting key differences between male and female genomes.
A new tumor-suppressor gene called mats has been discovered by researchers at Penn State, which works with another tumor suppressor to control tissue growth. The study found that the mats gene can shrink tumors in flies and may regulate cell number and tissue growth by restricting cell proliferation.
Researchers identify 22 new human-specific genes, including RanBP2, which evolved unique functions through gene duplication and domain acquisition. The study reveals a key role for gene duplication in evolution and sheds light on species specificity.
Scientists discovered that humans have only 30,000 genes, far fewer than expected, and that RNA editing plays a crucial role in protein diversity. A-to-I RNA editing has been linked to various diseases, including ALS, epilepsy, and depression, and may shed light on evolutionary processes.
Researchers discovered a genetic set of keys that unlocks the mystery of why some people can eat fatty foods without suffering from heart disease. The study found significant variations in genes associated with sugar and fat metabolism, which explain much of the variation in cardiac metabolism.
Researchers have developed 'supermice' with an extra copy of the Ink4a/Arf tumor suppressor locus, revealing increased resistance to cancer. The study implies that differences in gene expression levels of tumor suppressors significantly contribute to the risk of developing cancers and may influence therapeutic development.
A three-year analysis of over 10,500 genes reveals a host of interesting leads on which genes may play a role in controlling sinusitis and nasal polyps. The study found that 192 genes were up-regulated and 156 were down-regulated in diseased tissue samples.
The Max Planck Research Prize recognizes the work of Martin Vingron and Eugene W. Myers in bioinformatics, enabling precise gene expression analysis and tailored therapies. The prize honors international cooperation in this field, providing significant research funding.
A large international consortium has successfully annotated over 21,037 human genes using publicly available resources. The study provides a reliable systematic network of human-curated relationships between genes and their biological functions, setting the standard for analysis of gene expression and human diseases worldwide.
Researchers developed a new method to alter gene expression levels without disrupting essential control elements. This technique uses the 3' untranslated region (UTR) to influence protein production, allowing for predictable and controlled changes in gene expression.
The GRAM program combines data sets on gene regulatory pathways and messenger RNA levels to determine causal relationships between regulators and genes. By processing these data sets together, researchers can identify regulators that switch genes on or off across the entire genome.
Lei Wang, a post-doctoral researcher, developed a method to insert an extra amino acid into proteins in live cells, expanding the genetic code. This breakthrough has opened new research horizons and could lead to highly specific genetic engineering.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center have identified 19 genetic loci associated with depressive disorders, which may lead to more effective treatments. The study also found that individuals with these genes had a significantly reduced lifespan, particularly in children.