Articles tagged with Genetic Analysis
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have developed a new stand-alone detector that can identify three types of biological agents: bacteria, viruses, and toxins. The Autonomous Pathogen Detection System continuously monitors the air like a biological smoke detector, providing information required before public-health action can be taken.
The analysis of the chicken genome provides new insights into its value as a model for study of developmental disorders and diseases. The genome has about the same number of genes as the human genome, but contains significantly less DNA. Key similarities with humans include genetic sequences related to early development and telomeres.
Researchers from the University of Toronto developed a new method for predicting mammalian gene function by analyzing RNA expression patterns. They used a support vector machine algorithm to analyze over 40,000 known mouse mRNAs and predicted functions for thousands of genes, with high accuracy.
Researchers identified two new loci influencing female mate choice, favoring same-species mating over closely related ones. Genetic analysis shows female mating discrimination is inherited as a dominant trait, with genes linked to olfaction and X chromosomes.
A study published in Clinical Genetics found that genetic testing for a rare cancer syndrome saved $16,900 per year for 54 family members. The test also identified two asymptomatic family members who underwent prophylactic surgery to significantly decrease their risk of cancer.
The LigAmp test detects single nucleotide differences in cancer and HIV, improving diagnosis and monitoring. Researchers have identified potential mutations for early cancer detection and drug resistance in HIV patients.
A three-year analysis of over 10,500 genes reveals a host of interesting leads on which genes may play a role in controlling sinusitis and nasal polyps. The study found that 192 genes were up-regulated and 156 were down-regulated in diseased tissue samples.
A study published in PLoS Biology demonstrates the effectiveness of DNA barcoding in identifying species. Using a specific gene, researchers correctly identified 260 North American bird species with unique genetic barcodes. The findings suggest that this method could advance life cataloging efforts but require further validation.
The identification of the BBS3 gene marks a significant breakthrough in understanding the complex obesity syndrome. By studying the function of the newly discovered protein, researchers hope to unravel the details of other BBS proteins and their potential connections to obesity, learning difficulties, and other related problems.
A study reveals that 97% of infertile couples and 80% of the general population believe PGD should be permitted for detecting genetic diseases. The majority also oppose reproductive cloning, with only 7% in favour. Germans demand change in German Embryo Protection Law to allow PGD.
A one-year study found that specialists in dysmorphology are recognized by their peers for knowledge and authority, despite the increasing use of genetic testing. Laboratory tests do not replace clinical expertise, but rather complement it with techniques such as photographs and family trees.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital have developed a strategy using small interfering RNA to enhance cancer treatment in cases of drug resistance. They tested their theory in a form of leukemia that is resistant to commonly used anti-cancer drugs.
Colonoscopy emerges as a superior method for colon evaluation, surpassing alternative imaging tests in terms of accuracy and cost. New technologies like the ColonoSight device address patient discomfort and increase diagnostic efficiency.
The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth has secured a $9 million grant to study Neurospora crassa, a fungus with significant animal, human and plant pathogens. The research will focus on understanding the genetic functions of this model organism.
A study by OHSU researchers has identified genetic defects in five genes as responsible for a minority of unexplained sudden cardiac deaths. The findings provide hope that gene defects may also have caused remaining deaths and bring closer to predicting who is vulnerable to sudden death.
A new study has found that the APOE-2 form of the gene increases the risk of developing Parkinson's disease by 20 percent compared to other forms of the gene. The study analyzed data from 22 studies and 9,988 participants, providing strong evidence for the link between the APOE gene and Parkinson's disease.
Researchers identified 24 genes that can be used to single out patients for alternate therapies or lower radiation doses. The test could make treatment decisions easier and allow for personalized treatment plans tailored to individual patients' needs.
Researchers developed a preoperative diagnostic test that uses gene expression to distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid carcinoma. The test has the potential to improve diagnosis accuracy and treatment outcomes for patients with thyroid cancer.
Cumbria's unique genetic 'unique' red squirrels are dwindling in number due to an American grey squirrel invasion. Conservationists argue that a captive breeding programme should be introduced as additional measure to ensure their survival.
Protein nanostructures have been created using a novel method that allows for precise control over their shape and size. The technique involves the use of nanoparticles to guide the assembly of protein molecules into specific structures.
Researchers suggest that small molecules, known as molecular midwives, played a crucial role in the production of the first RNA-like molecules. These midwives would have worked together to form RNA by spontaneously mixing with chemical building blocks.
A novel method of three-dimensional mathematical analysis has been developed to quantify bone characteristics of humans and great apes. The results agree with genetic analyses, providing a clear family tree that defines ancestral relationships down to the subspecies level.
A Virginia Tech undergraduate, Cindy Schreiber, developed a PCR machine that rapidly identifies mismatched base pairings and mutations in DNA samples. The machine also automates the process, making it more efficient and cost-effective for high school and undergraduate labs.
A new DNA test using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy has been developed to identify patients with myelodysplasia (MDS) or those at high risk of developing the disease. The test is highly predictive and can distinguish MDS patients from those with non-malignant bone marrow disorders.
Novel genetic profiling can identify residual tumors and precancerous lesions, allowing for targeted treatment. Early clinical trials show promise for gene-mediated strategies to replace defective sequences and block signal transduction.
A new imaging technique uses quantum dots to detect faulty genes in DNA, offering improved detection of breast cancer patients who would benefit from specific drug therapy. The method provides signals that are 200-1,100% more intense than conventional tags, reducing uncertainty in the FISH test.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center have identified a new compound that accelerates genetic discovery by reducing the time and cost associated with DNA separation. Sodium boric acid has been found to replace outdated solutions in electrophoresis, resulting in significant improvements.
Researchers at USAMRIID successfully detected variola virus in a 50-year-old tissue sample using integrated diagnostic methods. The study demonstrates the capabilities of modern molecular diagnostics in identifying biological agents, which is crucial for national defense and infectious disease research.
A study published in Science has identified the Alox15 gene as a potential human therapeutic target for osteoporosis risk. The gene's over-activity leads to reduced bone density and increased risk of osteoporosis, but inhibitors of the gene's enzyme can improve bone mass and strength.
Two Vanderbilt researchers have received NAAR fellowships to develop new tools for identifying and understanding the genetic causes of autism. Lynnette Henderson is working on extending Stone's Screening Tool for Autism in Two-year-olds, while Jacob McCauley will conduct a genetic analysis of serotonergic and GABA-ergic genes.
A recent genetic study found a strong association between the dopamine receptor D1 gene and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study suggests that this gene variant may increase the risk of developing inattentive symptoms of ADHD. Further research is needed to confirm these findings, but the discovery provides new ins...
Researchers have linked genetic factors to severe kidney disease in blacks, with evidence pointing to genes on chromosome 18 and another unidentified region. The study involved a large African-American cohort and could pave the way for targeted therapies.
A genome-wide analysis of 1,875 people found a significant link between a region on chromosome 1 and blood pressure regulation. The study identified 24 genes that may play a role in hypertension, with three genes showing specific genetic changes associated with the condition.
A new Standard Reference Material issued by NIST uses both SNPs and STRs to improve reliability of laboratory analyses of male DNA. The standard consists of six vials of carefully analyzed DNA, providing certified sequences for 22 STR locations and 42 SNPs.
Researchers developed a molecular test that detects residual cancer cells with high accuracy, outperforming standard cytogenetic analysis. The test predicts disease progression and can be used to stratify patients according to their level of remission, potentially shortening clinical trial duration.
A new gene mutation has been discovered for a rare form of inherited paralysis called hereditary spastic paraplegia. This breakthrough could lead to improved diagnosis and potential treatments for the condition, which affects around 20,000 Americans.
A recent study identified 35 genes that may be linked to prognosis in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML), providing new insights into the disease. These unexpected genes were found independently of current classification methods and separated patients into high- and low-risk groups.
Researchers measured DNA's torsional stiffness, finding it 40% more resistant than previously reported. This breakthrough enables understanding of energy costs and mechanical behavior in biological processes.
A new bead-array test can identify the 25 most common cystic fibrosis mutations in just 15 seconds, enabling potential parents to make informed decisions about conception and treatment options. The test requires only genomic DNA from a patient and uses a single reaction to screen for all 31 CF mutations.
A team of researchers analyzed ancient DNA from Joseph Merrick, aka the Elephant Man, to uncover the cause of his severe deformities. The study revealed that Merrick likely suffered from Proteus syndrome, while some experts suggest he may have had both Proteus syndrome and neurofibromatosis.
Researchers have developed a miniature biolab on a silicon chip that captures DNA from samples, purifies it, and performs polymerase chain reaction to rapidly replicate the selected segment of DNA. This breakthrough simplifies the process and enables real-time automated detection of biological agents.
A recent study has identified GATA4 gene mutations as a primary cause of human cardiac septal defects, which are characterized by the incomplete formation of the heart's four chambers. The discovery is significant, as it may one day enable doctors to prevent congenital heart defects by fixing the problem before birth.
The research team successfully cloned a mule, marking the first time a hybrid animal has been cloned. The cloning process uses fetal cell culture established in 1998 at the University of Idaho and demonstrates potential for advancing understanding of human cancer.
Researchers at North Carolina State University found that loblolly pines and Arabidopsis thaliana share 90% of their genes, despite being vastly different in appearance. This suggests that woody and herbaceous plants may have evolved using the same genetic mechanisms.
Researchers found that every slice of toothed whale red meat exceeded Japan's mercury limit, with some samples containing almost 200 times the maximum value. Mercury levels were higher in whales caught off the southern coast of Japan.
A new study has established genetic associations in hepatitis C, finding correlations between the CD4 and IL-1B genes and disease activity. The research suggests a possible role of intrahepatic CD4 T cells in hepatic injury and immune response to HCV infection.
Researchers found a link between African-origin genetic markers and decreased insulin sensitivity in children, suggesting a genetic basis for the disparity. The study also highlights the importance of genetic factors in understanding and preventing type 2 diabetes in black communities.
A new method, KL clustering, has been identified as more effective than hierarchical clustering in separating gene expression data into dense clusters. The approach uses a novel measure of similarity to create well-separated clusters, offering insights into gene-gene interactions and biological processes.
Hancock's pioneering work on separating proteins using HPLC has significantly contributed to understanding complex disorders like cancer and Alzheimer's disease. His research utilizes mass spectrometry to analyze protein fragments and identify patterns in blood, paving the way for personalized medicine.
Researchers discovered a correlation between a specific genetic variation in the COMT gene and higher levels of anxiety in women. Women with the COMT Met158/Met158 genotype tended to exhibit increased anxiety symptoms, as well as altered brain wave patterns associated with anxiety disorders.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory identified 92 unique fruit fly memory genes that could be important for understanding human learning and memory. The study found that many of these genes have counterparts in humans and may be potential targets for developing therapies to treat Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have created SNOMAD and DRAGON to help decipher the complex patterns of gene activity in brain tissue. By applying these tools to microarray data from conditions like Down syndrome, they aim to identify genes involved in causing problems.
Gavin Sherlock, PhD, director of the Stanford Microarray Database, discusses the history of gene microarray databases and their growing importance in making research data publicly available. A common standard, Minimal Information About a Microarray Experiment, has been established to facilitate easy access to the data.
A host gene variant on chromosome 6 has been identified as making people more vulnerable to leprosy. Researchers used genome scanning to analyze DNA samples from nearly 100 families and confirmed the findings in an additional 200 families.
Experts agree that inheritable genetic modification (IGM) can improve human health, social life, and access to medical technologies. However, they also emphasize the need for fair decision-making processes, informed participation of stakeholders, and consideration of moral and religious perspectives.
Researchers at UT Southwestern and Children's will develop protocols and procedures for a thermocycler called GeneXpert, which rapidly processes and analyzes DNA samples. The new testing methods should allow children to leave the hospital sooner or avoid hospitalization altogether, with results available within hours.
Researchers have found genes in Anopheles mosquitoes that enable them to resist infection by the deadly malaria parasite. The discovery could lead to new strategies to prevent malaria transmission by spreading the parasite-blocking genes among mosquito populations.
A study found that visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and HPV DNA testing are less expensive alternatives to traditional Pap smear screening for cervical cancer in developing countries. VIA, performed every 5 years in women ages 35-55, was the least expensive approach and saved the most lives.
Researchers recreated a 240-million-year-old protein to study the vision of dinosaur ancestors, finding evidence that they may have had dim-light vision. The discovery offers insights into how biologically important molecules evolved over time and paves the way for further studies on ancient species.
The American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology has released comprehensive national consensus guidelines to evaluate women with abnormal Pap tests. The guidelines recommend utilizing new technologies, including liquid-based cytology and HPV testing, to standardize care.