Articles tagged with Genetic Analysis
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A team of scientists has confirmed the existence of an enigmatic billfish species, the roundscale spearfish, which overlaps with the distribution of the white marlin. The discovery raises concerns about the true numbers of threatened white marlin populations and suggests that recent population assessments may have been overestimated.
A team of researchers investigated the mechanism of phage DNA packaging, directly testing the connector rotation hypothesis. They found that it is unlikely to be the correct mechanism, and instead suggest a nonrotating model where ATPases compress and extend alternately, drawing in the DNA.
The study assessed molecular testing's utility in caring for patients with genetic retinal diseases. Molecular testing confirmed a clinical diagnosis of hereditary disorders in 133 out of 266 diagnostic tests, while also identifying carrier status and ruling out familial mutations in asymptomatic individuals.
Researchers developed a simple and accurate two-gene test that distinguishes between gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and leiomyosarcoma (LMS) with near perfect accuracy. The Top Scoring Pair analysis approach has potential for wider application in individualized diagnosis and treatment of other types of cancer.
Researchers found facial composite systems produce poor likenesses of the intended face, affecting accuracy in criminal identification. Whole-face methods show promise as a solution by utilizing holistic processing and multidimensional similarity, leading to improved results.
A new non-invasive prenatal testing method has been developed and tested on 60 pregnant women, identifying chromosomal abnormalities in 58 cases, including two trisomy 21 instances. While preliminary, the technique holds potential as a complement to existing prenatal tests with further refinement.
Researchers found a rare Y chromosome type, known as hgA1, in one third of men with a specific Yorkshire surname, suggesting a centuries-old connection to Africa. The study sheds light on the complex history of human migration and challenges traditional notions of racial identity.
Russian mathematician Grigori Perelman solved the Poincaré Conjecture in 2006, a problem proposed by Henri Poincaré in 1904. His proof was completed by three separate teams and led to him being awarded the Fields Medal.
Researchers discovered a heat-loving archaeon capable of fixing nitrogen at 92 degrees Celsius, suggesting that life may have originated in extreme environments. This finding expands our understanding of the evolution of nitrogen fixation and its potential for life beyond Earth.
The study found that AVN944 significantly inhibited the IMPDH enzyme and induced biomarkers associated with cancer cell death. The gene HspA1A marker was elevated even at low doses of the drug, indicating potential for tumor cell apoptosis.
Researchers analyzed mitochondrial genes of 70 lemurs suspected of being different species due to striking coat colors, finding they belonged to the same Microcebus griseorufus species. Genetic analysis revealed no significant differences among them, suggesting that morphological variations may not necessarily indicate distinct species.
Biochemist Martin Egli and his team solved the X-ray crystal structure of homo-DNA, an artificial analog of DNA with a six-carbon sugar backbone. The study shows that fully hydroxylated six-carbon sugars are too bulky to produce a stable base-pairing system capable of carrying genetic information as efficiently as DNA.
An international team analyzed human genetic variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a critical immune region. The study provides a detailed map of MHC genetic variability, laying the foundation for future research into the genetic roots of immune-related diseases.
A massive 10-year study in Sardinia found no connection between Type A personality and heart disease, contrary to previous studies. The research measured the genes and traits of over 6,000 people aged 14-102, finding a strong genetic component for many traits.
A large follow-up study of over 50 families has identified more genetic perturbations in Loeys-Dietz Syndrome, providing clearer picture for diagnosis. The study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive clinical evaluations when diagnosing the disease.
Researchers at the Salk Institute found that specific plant hormones activate different factors rather than a common target, contradicting the long-held assumption that they converge on a central growth regulatory module. This discovery was made using gene-chip technology and analysis of microarray data from the AtGenExpress project.
A new strategy detects high-grade precancerous lesions more effectively than traditional smear tests, while minimizing incorrect diagnoses. This approach enables early treatment and improves cure rates for young women aged 25-34 years.
A whole-genome scan for OCD has identified six potentially significant regions in the genome linked to the condition. These regions are found on five different chromosomes and may hold the key to understanding the genetic basis of OCD.
A team of researchers led by UB microbiologist Steven R. Gill analyzed the DNA of microbes in the human distal gut using metagenomics. The study found significant differences between two microbial communities from healthy individuals, highlighting the importance of understanding the interactions between human and microbial genomes.
An international team of scientists has discovered a new primate genus, Rungwecebus kipunji, through genetic analysis and collaboration. The discovery highlights the importance of interdisciplinary research and undergraduate involvement in biodiversity studies.
A multi-site research team identified nearly 4,000 differentially regulated genes in mice with varying levels of alcohol consumption. The analysis revealed new candidate genes for further study, including some previously unknown, and provided valuable insights into the genetics of predisposition to drink alcohol.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a motorized nanocar that can be powered by light, paving the way for bottom-up construction. The nanocar, measuring just 3-by-4 nanometers, features a rotating motor that pushes it along like a paddlewheel.
Scientists at MIT uncover a crucial mechanism driving plankton evolution, enabling them to adapt to changing environmental conditions. The discovery highlights the importance of gene diversity and exchange between microbes and viruses in shaping ocean ecosystems.
Dr. Larry Kricka's work on chemiluminescence, bioluminescence, and analytical microchips has revolutionized clinical analysis, enabling point-of-care testing and bio-terrorism detection. His research also led to the development of miniaturization techniques for DNA analysis, fertility testing, and immunoassay analysis.
The NIH has launched two initiatives to identify the genetic and environmental underpinnings of common illnesses. The Genes and Environment Initiative will combine genetic analysis and environmental technology development, while a public-private partnership called GAIN will accelerate genome association studies with $5 million from Pfi...
A new method for targeted gene disruption has been developed for the filamentous fungus A. brassicicola, allowing for high-throughput identification of genes and their functions. This breakthrough enables researchers to dissect the pathogen's genome and establish the function of individual genes in disease development.
Genomatix has developed a new version of ChipInspector specifically for analyzing exon arrays, which promises to enhance transcript separation and promoter identification. The updated tool is expected to be released in Q2 2006 and will be an integral part of Genomatix's complete microarray analysis pipeline.
Researchers found HPV DNA testing to be a cost-effective strategy for women with ASCUS, detecting more precancer cases than immediate colposcopy. The approach was also less costly, making it economically viable.
A study analyzing 35 soldiers' remains identified lice carrying DNA from Bartonella quintana and Rickettsia prowazakii, linking these diseases to Napoleon's retreat from Russia. The findings suggest louse-borne diseases were a major factor in the army's decline.
A team of experts, including those from the NIH and the US Department of Justice, identified 850 of the 2,749 reported missing after the 9/11 attacks using DNA analysis. The panel's recommendations include improving forensic DNA typing systems and designing processes to test novel identification procedures.
The National Science Foundation has awarded support for a DNA analysis laboratory at Williams College, enhancing research capabilities and integrating technology into the curriculum. The lab will facilitate studies on human DNA variants, zebrafish neural development, and Hox gene regulators, revolutionizing life sciences.
A recent study analyzing ancient DNA from skeletons of early European farmers found that they did not contribute heavily to the genetic makeup of modern Europeans. Six out of 24 skeletons showed rare genetic signatures, suggesting that early farmers left only a minor genetic legacy in central Europe.
Researchers developed two screen-and-treat methods, HPV DNA testing and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), which reduced the prevalence of cervical cancer precursor lesions by 77% compared to traditional cytology-based screening. Cryotherapy was found to be highly efficacious and low-cost.
Two 'screen and treat' cervical cancer prevention programs in low-resource settings resulted in lower precancerous lesions and cervical cancer prevalence. Novel non-cytology-based screening methods, such as HPV DNA testing and visual inspection with acetic acid, were associated with significant reductions in cervical cancer risk.
Researchers have discovered the SEPS1 (Selenoprotein S) gene's role in inflammation, which is a common component of many human disorders. The study found that a genetic variation in the SEPS1 gene can lead to higher levels of inflammation and increased risk of diseases like cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes.
The NIH has renewed its license with Genomatix, expanding the contract to include Microarray analysis Package ChipInspector. This move strengthens research capabilities in gene expression and regulation, facilitating high-level scientific results.
A recent DNA study has identified a single origin for domesticated potatoes, tracing them back to a broad area of southern Peru. This finding contradicts prior hypotheses of multiple origins and sheds new light on the evolutionary history of one of the world's most widely cultivated crops.
Researchers found that riboorganisms, which use RNA for genetic information and metabolic reactions, can have a much bigger genome than previously believed. This discovery greatly relaxes the conditions necessary for the first living organisms to develop, allowing them to contain more than 100 genes.
A study combining genome scan data from 11 independent linkage studies found strong genetic signals on chromosomes 6 and 8 associated with bipolar disorder. The analysis involved over 1,000 families and 5,179 individuals from North America, Italy, Germany, Portugal, the UK, Ireland, and Israel.
Researchers have discovered the closest living descendant of the extinct giant deer, a species that once roamed the UK. The fallow deer was found to share key characteristics with the ancient animal, including flattened antlers and similar skull and teeth features.
Researchers analyzed gene activity in volunteers exposed to a bacterial product, identifying previously unknown relationships among genes involved in blood cell responses to infection. The study provides valuable insights into the human genomic response to inflammation, which can be fatal in severely burned or injured patients.
Researchers used genetic data and computer simulations to reveal that moon jellyfish migration post-dates European global shipping and trade. The study found that up to 23% of marine species in international harbors are non-indigenous, posing threats to ecosystems and causing billions of dollars in damage.
German and Malagasy primatologists have discovered two new lemur species, Mirza zaza and Microcebus lehilahytsara, highlighting biodiversity patterns among humans' closest relatives. The discoveries shed light on human origins and evolution, with lemurs being crucial to understanding ancient primate lineages.
The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is a crucial regulator of cell growth and survival in various organisms. Research at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying this pathway.
Researchers can analyze patient demographics, clinical data, and gene expression using the online toolbox. The platform enables integrated analysis of diverse data sets, potentially leading to better disease diagnosis and treatment outcomes.
A study examines the cost-effectiveness of HPV testing in France, Italy, the Netherlands, and the UK, finding both triage and combination strategies to be more effective than current cytology-based screening programs. The cost-effectiveness ratios range from $9,800 to $75,900 per year of life saved, depending on the screening interval.
A recent study using ancient DNA has confirmed that all living lemurs on the island of Madagascar descended from a single primate ancestor. The researchers analyzed DNA from nine subfossil individuals and found that they are closely related to living indriids, but not to other extinct species.
The new IMG 1.1 version features enhanced capabilities to improve the efficiency of genome analysis, including a function to compare gene occurrence profiles and support infrastructure for comparative organism statistics. The tool continues to be updated quarterly with new public and DOE JGI genomes.
Researchers discovered a positive role for gene recruitment to the nuclear periphery, with significant implications for cell polarity and development. The study's findings suggest a complex interplay between nuclear organization and transcriptional regulation.
A new software program, TWINSCAN, has been developed to predict genetic sequences in nematodes with high accuracy. The program predicts 60% of the genes in the C. elegans genome exactly, right up to the last amino acid, surpassing previous predictions.
A new tool for tracing human gene connections has been developed, enabling the study of complex systems like power grids and neural networks. The research used a novel approach to analyze gene activity in response to c-Myc activation, revealing over 1,000 genes significantly altered by the protein.
Researchers analyzed gene-expression libraries from daf-2 mutants to identify genes critical to aging. They found that metabolic processes were repressed in early and mid-life adults, contributing to longevity. Stress-response factors were also differentially expressed, suggesting protection against cellular stress may increase lifespan.
The Genographic Project is a five-year global study of human migratory history, analyzing genetic samples from indigenous peoples and public participants. Researchers will use markers encoded into DNA to trace lineages, unveiling new aspects of family trees that persist through genes.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute create DNA with a third pairing, allowing for replication of unnatural bases. The development improves fidelity to near-perfect levels, paving the way for applications in biotechnology, medicine, data storage, and security.
Researchers at Yale University have identified a common gene variant associated with age-related macular degeneration in Caucasian patients. The variant, found on chromosome 1, is linked to the complement factor H (CFH) gene and affects individuals over 60 years old.
Researchers have discovered evidence of barren ground grizzly bears on Melville Island, a remote area in the western Arctic. The presence of these bears is significant as they are known to prey on polar bear cubs and could potentially disrupt the balance of Arctic ecosystems.
Researchers developed a method to consistently analyze genes active in trauma patients, aiming to identify factors that enhance recovery and predict complications. The study's findings suggest that genomic analysis can provide meaningful information to doctors, potentially improving patient outcomes.
Scientists have identified a way to detect gene expression changes in fetuses using cell-free mRNA from amniotic fluid, potentially leading to advancements in human developmental research and biomarker development. The study found that the mRNA originates from the fetus, not the placenta.
Researchers found that asthma is caused by the interaction of multiple genetic loci, contradicting earlier studies that suggested a single-gene solution. The study used an elaborate mouse model to identify specific regions on chromosomes 2 and 6 associated with airway hyperresponsiveness.
A new study found that adding more types to the current HPV DNA test would detect relatively few additional cases of cervical cancer but lead to thousands of unnecessary exams for women without cancer. Meanwhile, esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased by sixfold over the last 25 years, with no clear explanation for the rise.