Articles tagged with Genetic Variation
Researchers found that border-associated macrophages (BAMs) with ApoE4 protein produce inflammatory oxygen free radicals, damaging blood vessels. Removing BAMs or reducing ApoE4 expression eliminated the harmful vascular effects. The study may help identify new approaches to preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers identified over 3,000 harmful genetic changes in the RAD51C gene that increase ovarian cancer risk six-fold and breast cancer risk four-fold. These findings can help doctors and diagnostic laboratory scientists better assess cancer risk and provide more personalized care.
Researchers isolated drug-resistant strains of SARS-CoV-2 from immunocompromised individuals who received antiviral treatments. The virus variants showed resistance to Paxlovid and remdesivir, highlighting the need for combination therapy to treat COVID-19 in highly vulnerable patients.
A landmark study has identified novel ancestry-specific genetic variants linked to multiple sclerosis (MS) risk, offering new insights for treatment approaches. The research highlights the potential of ancestry-informed genetic studies to uncover previously unidentified risk factors for MS.
New research has identified four genes with a strong impact on menopause timing, which are also linked to an increased risk of cancer. The study found that women with only one working copy of these genes experience premature menopause, leading to a faster reproductive lifespan.
A new viewpoint review explores the impact of TAAR1 genetic variations on mental health and drug development. The study suggests that rare TAAR1 mutations may contribute to psychiatric symptoms by altering brain function.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes have developed a streamlined way to engineer bacteriophages, viruses that naturally kill bacteria. The new technique uses retrons to edit phage genomes, allowing for the creation of numerous variants and paving the way for alternative treatments for antibiotic-resistant infections.
A genetic variant in the Syntaxin 17 gene determines the speed of hair greying and susceptibility to skin melanoma in horses. The study found three gene variants at the Grey locus, with the G3 variant associated with a higher risk of melanoma.
A genome-wide association study found that three sequence variants in genes CCDC141 and SCN10A increase the risk of rhythm disturbances in individuals with accessory pathways. These variants are common, affecting up to 62% of carriers, and associate with increased conduction velocity and heart rate regulation.
A recent study uses CNV-seq and WES to detect congenital heart disease, identifying genes contributing to CHD and increasing diagnostic yield. The combination of these technologies boosts detection rates for CHDs, improving prenatal management.
Researchers have shown that repeated administration of lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA therapy significantly extended survival and reduced serum leucine levels in a mouse model of maple syrup urine disease. The treatment approach may represent a potential long-term universal treatment for MSUD.
Researchers identified genes associated with a thinner cortex and smaller cerebellum, which can lead to uncontrollable shaking of hands. The study also found that faulty protein disposal affects cell function and disrupts neural pathways, making it difficult to treat the condition.
Researchers found that CHEK2 variants do not increase colorectal cancer risk compared to controls. Three low-risk missense variants were identified as potential drivers of breast cancer risk variability.
A study sequenced the genomes of nearly 300 rabbits to understand their colonization success. Researchers found that domestication-linked genes are often eliminated in feral populations due to natural selection, leading to a mix of domestic and wild origin. This helps explain how domestic animals can thrive in the wild.
A recent study found that Chinese patients with ovarian cancer often carry a specific variant of the RAD51D gene, which can promote tumor growth. The variant also makes these patients more sensitive to PARP inhibitors, leading to a favorable prognosis and potential new treatment methods.
Researchers identified a long-postulated hidden spatial grammar embedded in DNA, which holds the key to understanding how gene activity is encoded. The study found that transcription factors have a complex function, acting both as activators and repressors, and their position relative to genes influences gene expression.
A study found that chromatin's spatial structure plays a key role in the evolution of social behavior in dogs. The researchers examined an intronic section of the GTF2I gene, which influences chromatin's spatial structure and causes differences in gene expression.
The study identified 96 mutated driver genes, 9 of which were previously unknown in CRC, and 24 that were new to any form of cancer. A new molecular classifier system was developed, identifying five distinct CRC prognostic subtypes with unique molecular characteristics.
A Mass General Brigham study highlights inconsistencies in generative AI that can affect patient safety if not addressed. The researchers found 'drift' (model performance changes over time) and 'nondeterminism' (inconsistent results between runs) in their tests, emphasizing the need for repeated testing and monitoring.
A recent study analyzed genomic diversity in 17 indigenous Peruvian groups, revealing significant genetic variations between Andeans and Amazonians. These differences can impact drug response and dosing, highlighting the need for inclusive genomics research to ensure equitable healthcare outcomes.
Researchers have found that the coevolution between water fleas and a parasitic bacterium has been ongoing for at least 15 million years, preserving genetic diversity. This process, known as balancing selection, ensures that multiple genetic variants for surface molecules are always preserved in the water flea without one ever prevailing.
Researchers have identified nearly 300 common and over 20 rare genetic variants as significant risk factors for schizophrenia. The study emphasizes the role of multiple genes rather than single-gene causation, revealing complexity in the mechanisms underlying the disorder.
Researchers have identified the human odorant receptor for geosmin, a compound responsible for the distinct 'earthy' to 'musty' odor found in soil, plants, and certain foods. The discovery could aid in developing novel detection systems to monitor food quality and water purity.
Researchers detected SARS-CoV-2 in six common backyard species, including deer mice, Virginia opossums, and raccoons, with unique viral mutations found in some animals. The study highlights the need for broad surveillance and suggests that areas with high human activity may serve as points of contact for cross-species transmission.
A study found that dogs with a gallbladder disease similar to human cystic fibrosis have impaired CFTR function, not a genetic mutation. This discovery could lead to new treatment targets and insights into the underlying causes of CF-like diseases.
A UAB study found that lower transthyretin levels are associated with an increased risk of heart failure and all-cause mortality. The research highlights the importance of TTR levels in predicting heart disease risk, particularly for individuals carrying the V142I gene variant.
The PD GENEration study has found that 13% of participants have a genetic form of Parkinson's disease, significantly higher than previous estimates. The study, which reached its goal of 15,000 participants ahead of schedule, provides insights into the genetics of the disease and its potential for precision medicine.
A study reveals that the usage of maternal and paternal X-chromosomes is not uniform throughout the body. Instead, different organs may prefer one over the other. Cells competing for 'permission' to form specific cell types drive this skew. The findings provide insight into the underlying principles of development in XX individuals.
Researchers found specific gene variants associated with behavioral health outcomes after a stroke. The study suggests that genetic differences may predict stroke recovery trajectory, enabling personalized medicine approaches for individualized treatment.
Researchers found a significant association between the KIT M541L variant and mastocytosis diagnosis in patients with systemic and cutaneous mastocytosis. The variant was identified in 19 individuals, mostly diagnosed with systemic mastocytosis, but without significant differences in symptomatology.
Researchers at KAUST have developed NanoRanger, an accurate and rapid method for genetically diagnosing Mendelian genetic disorders. This breakthrough enables diagnosis in just 12 minutes, providing a detailed picture of the genomic disorder.
Researchers highlight DDX41's distinct contribution to myeloid neoplasms with germline predisposition. The discovery sheds light on unique pathogenesis and disease phenotype associated with DDX41 variants.
The study analyzed over 1.8 million SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences to track virus variant spread and evolution. The introduction of free rapid antigen tests, mask regulations, and movement restrictions led to a significant decline in new variants entering Germany.
Researchers developed a new NIPT-based method that reveals 33 pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) in the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene. This study provides valuable insights into the frequency and spectrum of maternal CNV carriers in the Chinese population.
A new study has generated a global catalog of human gene expression data from around the world, increasing representation of understudied populations. The increased diversity empowers researchers to attain more-accurate insights into genetic factors driving human variation and disease risk.
Researchers have identified a mechanism in dogs that may render multiple antibiotic classes ineffective due to the loss of function of specific genes. This discovery opens up new avenues for therapies to treat both animals and humans, and establishes clinical infections in dogs as a surveillance approach for public health.
An international team of evolutionary biologists investigated the genomic underpinnings of plant adaptation to cold environments. The study found that polyploids exhibit genomic structural variants with signals for possible local adaptation more frequently than diploid species.
A start codon variant in the LAG3 gene is associated with decreased expression of the protein and increased risk of autoimmune thyroid disease. The variant, found in Iceland and Finland, has a founder effect and demonstrates the power of bottlenecked populations to identify rare disease-associated variants.
Scientists have mapped over 5,000 genetic variants in the 'tumour protection' gene BAP1 that significantly increase cancer risk. These variants can be used to develop new treatments, including IGF-1 inhibitors, to slow down or prevent cancer progression.
A large-scale genetic survey found that genes can influence the risk of developing atrial fibrillation. Researchers analyzed over 400,000 individuals and identified six genes whose genetic changes significantly affect a person's risk.
Researchers have discovered several rare types of helper T cells associated with immune disorders such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. The study found that genetic variants in bidirectional enhancer DNA are linked to specific immune-mediated diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease.
Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute have mapped all possible outcomes of changes to the tumour-suppressing VHL gene, enabling clinicians to predict cancer-causing variants with 100% accuracy. The study also found that faulty VHL mutations can increase the risk of kidney cancer and may benefit from belutifan treatment.
Pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing can predict how patients will respond to systemic therapies, enabling personalized treatment plans and optimizing medication dosages. A specific gene variant, HSD3B1, has been linked to castration-resistant prostate cancer progression.
A new editorial paper discusses molecular and cytogenetic analyses used to identify distinct subtypes of acute myeloid leukemias (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Researchers found that around 15% of AML cases remain genetically unclassifiable, emphasizing the need for further research.
A large-scale genetic study has found a significant link between the age of puberty in girls and weight gain, highlighting potential risks for early puberty and obesity. The study identified over 1,000 genetic variants that influence the age of first menstrual period, with around 600 being observed for the first time.
The RENEW system, launched in 2022, uses new research discoveries to pinpoint genetic variants causing rare diseases. Researchers successfully diagnosed 63 patients out of 1,066 undiagnosed cases with an average diagnosis time of 20 seconds.
A new genetic cause of obesity has been discovered, linking it to the SMIM1 gene variant. People with this variant tend to expend less energy when at rest, leading to excess weight and increased risk of obesity.
Researchers found that carrying just one copy of the Christchurch variant delayed cognitive decline and dementia in family members, with some showing lower levels of tau proteins. The study suggests potential benefits for drug development targeting this genetic pathway.
A genome-wide association study found consistent positive genetic associations between coffee consumption and harmful health outcomes in two large datasets. However, the relationship with psychiatric conditions was more complicated, showing both positive and negative correlations across different cohorts. The study highlights the compl...
Families with germline CDH1 P/LP variants show a cumulative risk of gastric cancer between 7-10% and breast cancer in female carriers at 37%
The Kids First DRC has introduced an upgraded data portal to streamline big data search and analysis, improving collaborative pediatric research outcomes. The new portal integrates diverse datasets, including genomic information from the Children's Brain Tumor Network, to foster cross-disciplinary research.
Researchers from Tokyo Medical and Dental University used long-read RNA sequencing to decode genetic intricacies and disease links. The study identified novel isoforms, cell-type-specific splicing patterns, and disease-linked transcripts associated with immune-related diseases.
Pharmaceutical genomic testing can optimize drug dosages and minimize adverse events in treating metastatic prostate cancer. By understanding an individual's genetic variations, clinicians can tailor treatments more effectively.
This study investigates the association of mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) with cirrhosis risk and finds that individuals with copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity mCAs have a significantly increased risk of cirrhosis. The risk is higher in patients with expanded cell fractions of mCAs, especially for decompensated cirrhosis.
Researchers identified 28 different cell types and linked gene expression to variants, enabling better understanding of how genetics lead to disease. The study provides insights into precision-medicine approaches for neuropsychiatric disease.
Adult carriers of BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome show a high incidence of onychopapillomas, a benign nail tumor. This finding suggests using these skin abnormalities to identify family members and patients with cancers associated with the syndrome.
Scientists have developed a functional model of thoracic aortic aneurysm using human cells in laboratory rats, offering new avenues for drug development and effective screening. The model successfully mimics dilation of the human aorta and has potential applications for treating this potentially fatal condition.
A study published in Nature Genetics has identified genetic variants associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in women of African ancestry. The research found that nearly 8% of women carry all six risk variants, making them 4.2 times more likely to be diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer.
A genetic variant present in 3-4% of self-identified Black individuals increases the risk for heart failure and death. Carriers of the V142I variant are at significantly increased risk for heart failure beginning in their 60s, with an increased risk for death beginning in their 70s.
Researchers created GraSSRep and rhea, tools that outperform current methods for handling repeats and structural variants in metagenomic data. These methods use self-supervised learning and graph neural networks to analyze microbiome data, offering new insights into biological processes and potential applications in antibiotic resistance.