Articles tagged with Physical Maps
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have mapped the diversity of a globally important pea collection, revealing secrets behind Mendel's famous traits and uncovering agriculturally useful genetic diversity. The new set of gene bank and genomic resources could revolutionize pea breeding and research.
A team of Harvard researchers, led by Jeff Lichtman, has created the largest synaptic-resolution, 3D reconstruction of a piece of human brain to date. The dataset contains 1,400 terabytes of data on neural connections in a tiny piece of human temporal cortex.
Researchers have created a computer using an array of VCSELs that leverages optical feedback to efficiently solve complex optimization problems. The system encodes information in linear polarization states, minimizing interactions between variables and overcoming the von Neumann bottleneck.
A new study has created the world's largest map of normal breast tissue, highlighting 12 major cell types and 58 biological cell states. The atlas also identifies differences based on ethnicity, age, and menopause status, providing a powerful resource for researchers studying breast cancer and other diseases.
A recent NTU Singapore study reconstructed the history of The Sundaland using paleogeography and population genetics to show that rapid sea-level rise drove early settlers to migrate, increasing genetic diversity. This finding provides insight into how climate change can profoundly impact human populations.
Researchers have identified a new genetic pathway involved in regulating sleep from fruit flies to humans. The Pig-Q gene is associated with sleep regulation in both humans and animals, providing a novel insight into the genetics of insomnia.
Researchers at WVU are using robots to analyze potential hazards and provide walkability maps in retail environments, aiming to reduce occupational injuries. The team plans to test the robots after hours in an actual retail space, combining camera data with wheel speed measurements to estimate slip risks.
Researchers are combining optogenetics and fMRI to study the links between brain activity and behavior. This hybrid approach allows for targeted manipulation and monitoring of brain function in awake and behaving rodents, providing valuable insights into neural mechanisms.
Researchers find that male golden orb-weaving spiders use animal magnetism and physical forces to approach females without being detected. By sensing vibrations on the web, males can balance risk and reward to survive, demonstrating complex decision-making capabilities.
The study provides a unique genomic blueprint for understanding the complex mechanisms linking obesity with comorbidities like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The Ossabaw pig's genome is highly relevant to humans, making it an ideal model for studying human obesity.
Researchers have developed a dye-free method to visualize blood flow in the brain, allowing for detailed mapping of small capillaries and assessing blood flow rates. The technique has potential applications in understanding cardiovascular diseases, tumor growth, and targeted drug delivery.
A multidisciplinary team has developed a genomic single-cell map that identifies cell-type specific transcriptional signatures of hyper-excitability and neurodegeneration. The study provides grounds for improved diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy and may also shed light on Alzheimer's disease.
A study by Toronto researchers found that Baker's yeast cells employ a consistent network of gene interactions to coordinate growth in response to various environments. The majority of genetic interactions remained present across different conditions, revealing the stability of the cellular genetic program.
The Tomographer algorithm transforms gene-sequencing data into spatially resolved images, mapping gene expression patterns across tissues. By analyzing tissue strips and mRNA measurements, the algorithm reconstructs spatial gene-expression patterns in tissues like the brain of the Australian Bearded Dragon.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory created an anatomical map of corn development by analyzing individual cells. This map will aid in breeding more sustainable crops with improved yields.
Scientists have created highly detailed 3D models of chromosomes for individual cells using a computational technique that uncovers spatial relationships between genes. These models provide valuable insights into how genes work together to drive biological processes, such as development and cell differentiation.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology created 3D maps of how enhancer sequences and genes interact in several types of immune cells. The new study opens the door to understanding individual risk for diseases from asthma to cancer.
A new whole-body tissue map of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) modifications was published, expanding understanding of a global biomarker for disease diagnosis. The map confirms 5hmC as a prevalent gene activation mark with superb tissue specificity, providing a resource for future diagnostic tests.
A new study has created a comprehensive map of how immune cells learn to fight infections and preserve memories of these encounters. The findings, published in Nature Immunology, could help scientists develop new vaccines and therapies for various diseases by targeting specific immune cells.
Researchers have developed a new technology called OligoFISSEQ that can visualize hundreds to thousands of genomes simultaneously under the microscope. This breakthrough enables researchers to study genome function and organization in unprecedented detail.
Researchers found that brain organizes knowledge learned from separate experiences into a structural form like a map, allowing for quick adaptation to new situations. The study suggests that the human brain uses the same codes to represent abstract information as it does physical space.
Researchers created a new method to map metabolic pathways in microbes, unlocking routes for new vaccines and antimicrobials. The study reveals new insights into the metabolic function of M. agalactiae and M. pneumoniae, two common bacteria that infect livestock and humans respectively.
The Human Reference Interactome (HuRI) map charts 52,569 interactions between 8,275 human proteins, providing insights into protein function and disease mechanisms. The data reveal new cellular roles for human proteins and molecular mechanisms behind diseases like cancer and COVID-19.
A new genetic mapping system for polyploid species has been developed in Brazil, allowing researchers to analyze the genes of complex organisms like sugarcane, kiwi, and blueberry. The open-source software package, MAPpoly, can be downloaded free of charge and has already been adopted by researchers at seven institutions worldwide.
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi's Center for Genomics and Systems Biology have developed an improved assembly of the date palm genome using long-read sequencing technology. This will help advance research and inform propagation practices for this essential MENA region food source.
Researchers have created a method to track gene expression in cells during development, providing unprecedented detail. This technique could be used to develop future regenerative treatments for diseases like macular degeneration and other neurological disorders.
Scientists have constructed the first complete map of the cultivated tomato's genetic makeup, revealing a wealth of new information on how to improve flavor. The discovery includes a rare gene variant that influences fruit flavor and a group of compounds contributing to its aroma.
The new ultra-low input CUT&RUN (uliCUT&RUN) technique allows for genome-wide mapping of DNA binding proteins from single cells and individual pre-implantation mouse embryos. This enables researchers to focus on cell heterogeneity and studies from limited biological samples.
Researchers at Garvan Institute of Medical Research have developed a computational method to reduce the amount of memory necessary for genome alignment, allowing for real-time analysis on smartphones. This breakthrough enables remote disease identification and point-of-care microbial infections.
Researchers used a massive dataset of over 100,000 individuals to identify constrained regions of genes that may underlie developmental disorders. These 'constrained' regions are intolerant to DNA changes and may cause disease when mutated, according to the study published in Nature Genetics.
A genetic map of garden asparagus has been created, allowing researchers to identify the chromosome that determines the plant's sex. The map is a significant breakthrough in understanding this dioecious species and will enable the development of new varieties with improved characteristics.
Researchers created a 3D map of enhancer-gene interactions that play a key role in cardiovascular disease. The map identifies the most important genes for developing new treatments for heart attacks, heart failure, and heart rhythm disorders.
A study published in Cell Reports has mapped the genetic regulators of facial development, revealing thousands of previously unknown enhancers linked to craniofacial abnormalities. The researchers found that these enhancers contribute to many cases of cleft palate and provide new insights into the causes of this birth defect.
Researchers discovered that plant DNA repair works more efficiently on active genes, which are transcribed into RNA and proteins. The system's efficiency varies according to the day/night cycle, reflecting normal daily variations in transcription activity.
Researchers develop RNA Capture Long Seq (CLS) method to map non-coding DNA regions, improving gene catalogues for long non-coding RNAs. The new method enhances genomic databases like GENCODE, enabling better understanding of genomic function and its impact on health and disease.
The study identified over 760 genes that cancer cells from multiple types strongly depend on for growth and survival. Many of these dependencies are specific to certain cancer types, while about 10% are common across multiple cancers, suggesting new therapeutic targets.
A new technique developed by UNC School of Medicine scientists has mapped DNA damage caused by cigarette smoking at high resolution across the genome. The study provides a genome-wide map of the damage caused by benzo[α]pyrene, a chemical that accounts for about 30 percent of cancer deaths in the United States.
Scientists have developed a way to track genes inside living cells, mapping their positions in three dimensions. This approach could lead to a better understanding of gene interactions and their effects on health, potentially leading to new treatments and cures for cancer and other genetic diseases.
Researchers have devised a powerful new technique to map the entire genome in three dimensions, revealing key interactions between genes and their switches. This breakthrough aims to shed light on genetic variation and its impact on human health.
The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory will establish a Center for In Vivo Characterization of ENCODE Elements (CIViC) to explore the functional impact of genomic elements on organismal biology and health. Researchers will use CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to systematically test the function of representative sequences in mice.
Researchers have discovered a new termite species Proneotermes macondianus in Colombian dry forests, featuring elongated heads and voracious appetites for drywood. The species has been described as part of the Colombian natural ecosystem, recognizing its importance in the region's biodiversity.
Researchers discovered that missing enhancers result in abnormal heart function, a finding that bolsters the significance of noncoding regions. A comprehensive genome-wide map of 80,000 human heart enhancers was also provided to facilitate interpretation of human genetic data sets.
A new study introduces Juicer, an open-source tool that enables fully-automated pipeline for Hi-C processes, producing high-resolution contact maps of looping in a single click. The researchers achieved the deepest 3-D maps of the genome to date, spanning over three terabytes of data.
Scientists at Salk Institute create system to rapidly map regions of DNA targeted by regulatory proteins, revealing how plants control gene expression and uncovering potential role of epigenomic marks in regulation. The technique, DAP-seq, identifies thousands of binding sites across the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana.
Scientists at the University of Minnesota and BioNano Genomics have developed a new method to analyze DNA sequences in nanochannels, enabling more accurate genome mapping. By analyzing the probability distributions of DNA barcode label separations, researchers can identify structural oddities and improve the accuracy of genome maps.
A research team has generated comprehensive 3D maps of the mouse genome's spatial organization, showing how genes are regulated and interact. The findings could help track down genes involved in hereditary diseases, such as cancer and congenital disorders.
A study published in BMJ Open found that Canadians living in densely-populated areas with close services report more utilitarian walking but have lower total physical activity. The researchers suggest that walkability can be an opportunity to integrate activity into daily life.
The new center aims to understand how 3-D genome structure influences gene expression, cellular function, development, and disease. Researchers will generate three-dimensional models of the human genome using advanced technologies and imaging methods.
A team led by Professor Andrew Belmont is using a combination of cytological, genomic, and functional mapping techniques to understand the organization and function of the nucleus. The research aims to uncover how changes in DNA positioning affect gene activity and overall genomic function.
A detailed genetic road map of Upland cotton has been created to improve crop yields, reduce water usage, and minimize pesticide applications. The new sequence will enable researchers to better understand the interactions between genes that determine fiber production and oil content in seeds.
The Genome Analysis Centre (TGAC) successfully trialled the MinION portable DNA sequencing device for real-time analysis of environmental samples. The team sequenced complex metagenomic samples, identifying species in real-time using bioinformatics tools Kontaminant and NanoOK.
Researchers have mapped the epigenomes of over 100 human cells and tissues, offering new insights into how genes are turned on and off in different cellular contexts. The comprehensive data set provides a powerful tool for studying human biology and understanding the links between the genome and disease.
Researchers at UC Santa Cruz aim to build a new map of human genetic variation with a $1 million grant from the Simons Foundation. The Human Genome Variation Map will provide a critical resource for both medical and basic research in the life sciences, overcoming limitations of current models.
Researchers created a detailed map of human genome's looping structure, revealing that DNA loops play an essential role in nearly every cell process. The study also identified thousands of hidden genetic switches and rules governing loop formation.
High-resolution 3D maps of the human genome reveal thousands of hidden switches that regulate genes, including those associated with cancer and diseases. The study provides a new understanding of genetic regulation and its role in cellular differentiation.
Scientists have created a massive map of direct protein interactions, revealing dozens of new cancer genes involved in lymphoid tumours. The study's findings shed light on how proteins 'stick together' to form the network, enabling researchers to pinpoint potential targets for treatment.
A new genome sequencing technology has identified over 26,000 previously unknown genetic variants in the human genome. These discoveries have significant implications for understanding the causes of genetic conditions and may lead to breakthroughs in personalized medicine.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to analyze data from genome-wide association studies, pinpointing genetic variants that cause autoimmune diseases. The study found strong links between the immune system and neurologic disease MS, suggesting a primary role of the immune system in causing the disease.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute generate accurate structural map of Mediator, a critical genetic machinery. The mapping reveals the precise locations of protein subunits and their interactions with RNA polymerase II.
Researchers at Aarhus University have sequenced the spider genome, providing a genetic map for future studies. The study reveals genes specific to spiders and sheds light on their incredible abilities, such as making silk and producing venom.