Articles tagged with Physical Maps
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The Apodanthaceae family comprises 10 species of endo-parasitic plants, specialized to parasitize legumes or willow family species. The study provides a key, distribution map, and color photos of most species, shedding light on their ecology and evolution.
Researchers discovered 20 million base pairs of genetic sequence hidden in centromeres, a key finding that could aid in mapping the human genome. Latino genomes proved uniquely powerful in filling in uncharted regions due to their African ancestry.
Researchers have created a comprehensive regulatory map of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, revealing how the bacterium adapts to changing conditions. This breakthrough provides unique insights into how TB survives in the host and how it can be tackled with new drug interventions.
The first high-quality reference genome of the domestic goat has been successfully assembled using OpGen's ARGUS Whole Genome Mapping System in combination with next-generation sequencing. The study demonstrates the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of this technology for large, complex genomes.
Scientists have created a network map of genes involved in pain perception, showing remarkable similarity between humans and fruit flies. The map includes hundreds of known genes and dozens of new ones, highlighting the importance of phospholipid signaling in pain processing.
The CNIO group is part of the Gencode project, creating a reference geneset from Encode data. This effort has mapped four million 'switches' controlling human cell and tissue gene activity, revealing a complex web of interactions.
Researchers catalogued thousands of non-coding genome switches that subtly turn up or down gene activity and influence cell-type specific utilization. These maps revealed regions active in immune cells for autoimmune diseases and liver cells for metabolic disorders.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have developed a method for determining more precise geographical locations of an individual's ancestral origins using genetic traits. By analyzing DNA samples from 1,157 people across Europe, they were able to accurately determine two separate points on the map for an individual's mother and father.
Researchers found that genetic and environmental factors influence childhood characteristics differently across the UK, with some traits more strongly linked to genes in certain regions. The study's nature-nurture maps provide a global overview of how environment interacts with genetics.
Researchers have developed a detailed genetic sequence and map of foxtail millet, a close relative of switchgrass and an important food crop in Asia. The study provides a powerful tool for scientists working to increase biofuel and crop yields by systematically searching for genes that influence desirable traits.
Researchers have identified two novel genetic loci, Hfhl1 and Hfhl3, that affect high-frequency hearing in ageing-related hearing loss. These loci are limited to specific portions of the hearing frequency map and may explain only a portion of the variation in high-frequency hearing loss observed in mice.
A study mapping sheep ancestry over 11,000 years reveals vast genetic diversity and adaptability to diverse environments. The research provides insights into the evolution of selective breeding for traits such as coat color and body size.
Researchers at the Salk Institute have produced neuron-by-neuron maps of the mouse brain's visual processing system, laying the groundwork for decoding brain circuitry using genetic research techniques. The study revealed specialized roles for different areas in processing visual information, including direction and fine detail.
Researchers have provided the first ever map of the genes that determine how bacteria interact with their surrounding environment. The study reveals critical genetic secrets of a bacterium that holds potential for removing toxic and radioactive waste from the environment.
Researchers have developed a method to dissect the genomes of polyploid crops like oilseed rape and bread wheat, allowing for predictive breeding. By integrating sequence data from different sources, they created genetic linkage maps that can identify useful genes and accelerate breeding in new traits.
Scientists have developed a genetic map of African-Americans, revealing distinct recombination patterns that differ from those in Europeans. The map holds promise for understanding the roots of disease and identifying new disease genes, particularly in African-American populations.
Researchers found that orphan disease genes encode hub proteins with multiple protein-to-protein interactions vital to cell function. Deleting about 43% of these gene homologs is lethal or causes premature death, highlighting their essential survival role.
Researchers mapped chromatin marks in nine cell types and linked non-coding SNPs to regulatory networks. This study provides insights into the functions of non-coding regions associated with human disease.
Researchers used differential epistasis maps to study how genes interact in response to stress by DNA-damaging agents. The genetic network was found to completely reprogram itself, revealing functional relationships that would go undetected using other approaches.
The project produced a comprehensive map of human genetic variation using next-generation DNA sequencing technologies, containing approximately 15 million SNPs and over 20,000 structural variations. The database contains more than 95 percent of the currently measurable variants found in any individual.
The new HapMap adds more than 1 million SNPs, increasing resolution and helping researchers interpret genome studies. Non-African diversity is largely a subset of African diversity in the updated map.
Researchers have created comprehensive genetic interaction maps for mammalian cells, revealing which genes work together and their roles in disease. The study, published in Genome Research, offers valuable information for research and potential therapeutic targets.
Researchers at the University of Sheffield created a unique map showing General Election results based on population data. The map provides an alternative perspective by reflecting where people live in the country, enabling a better understanding of voting preferences and population density.
Maynard V. Olson receives the Promega Biotechnology Research Award for his development of orthogonal-field-alternation gel electrophoresis, yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) system, and sequence-tagged site (STS) mapping techniques. His work significantly contributed to the completion of the human genome map.
Researchers at UNC Chapel Hill created a first-of-its-kind map of the human genome's regulatory elements, revealing clusters specific to pancreatic islet cells. The study identified genetic variants associated with type II diabetes and found that certain genes are 'turned on' or 'off', opening new avenues for understanding the disease.
The maize genome is a complex sequence of DNA that has been analyzed using a unique optical mapping facility at UW-Madison. The research advances knowledge of corn's ancestry and guides breeders in extracting increased productivity from the crop.
A new gene map has been developed to aid plant breeding efforts in maize, a major source of food and fuel worldwide. The map charts genetic diversity and recombination across the genome of 27 inbred lines, providing insights into complex traits.
Researchers linked genetic data to visualize H1N1 flu virus movement around the world using Google Earth. The resulting map represents the most comprehensive analysis of avian flu transmission among sites in Asia, Africa, and Europe.
A study found that left- and right-handed individuals have distinct body maps in the brain, influencing how they perceive their physical bodies. Left-handers estimated both arms as equal length, while right-handers consistently perceived their right arm as longer.
Researchers from Stanford University and colleagues have discovered a gene associated with human kidney aging, revealing new insights into the aging process. The study used sequential transcriptional profiling and eQTL mapping to identify genetic variants linked to kidney aging.
A team of scientists at UCR has developed a high-density consensus genetic map of cowpea, accelerating conventional breeding and facilitating the production of new varieties. The map enables breeders to locate valuable genes and incorporate them into new varieties more efficiently.
Scientists have decoded the genome of Phytophthora infestans, the cause of late blight, which destroyed potato crops in the 19th century and is now affecting tomatoes. The genome contains a massive amount of repetitive DNA, thought to be key to its adaptability and effectiveness as a plant pathogen.
Researchers created a genetic linkage map for the saltwater crocodile, facilitating genome scans to identify genes affecting complex traits. The map provides a scaffold for genome sequence assembly and will aid in understanding reptilian molecular evolution.
Researchers created a genetic linkage map for S. mansoni, a blood fluke infecting 90 million people in Africa and the New World. The map will facilitate high-resolution population genetic studies and improve understanding of transmission patterns.
A Canada-wide technology platform will map the human interactome, providing Canadian researchers with state-of-the-art equipment and integrated infrastructure. The project, led by Dr. Benoit Coulombe, aims to elucidate dynamic organization of proteins and molecules, potentially leading to better disease treatments.
The Stowers Institute's new whole-genome sequencing approach enables rapid identification of mutations in fruit flies, a crucial step towards discovering genes linked to human diseases. This innovation promises to accelerate the discovery process, making it faster and more cost-effective than traditional methods.
Incipient sex chromosomes have been found in New Zealand's eponymous export, the kiwifruit. The genetic linkage map of the kiwifruit reveals that a subtelomeric region bears hallmarks of an early sex-determining locus.
The San Diego Epigenome Center will study epigenetic processes controlling gene regulation, differentiation in human embryonic cells, and DNA methylation. The goal is to develop more effective ways to prevent and treat disease.
Researchers at EMBL generated the most precise map of genetic recombination in yeast, revealing new insights into its organisation. The study provides a wealth of information about crossover and non-crossover events, with implications for tracking disease genes in humans.
Three biotech companies, 454 Life Sciences, Applied Biosystems, and Illumina Inc., will contribute to the 1000 Genomes Project by sequencing hundreds of human DNA samples. The project aims to create the most detailed map of human genetic variation for medical research.
Scientists at Karolinska Institutet have developed a new, cheaper DNA-sequence method that can map disease genes in large patient groups, leading to quicker breakthroughs for new treatments.
A nationwide team of researchers has produced the first sequence-based map of large-scale structural variation across the human genome. The map reveals new variations and provides a more detailed look at nearly 1,700 structural variations, including deletions, out-of-place insertions, and copy number variants.
Researchers have created a three-dimensional map of the yeast genome, enabling them to locate nucleosomes and predict their behavior. This breakthrough could lead to early detection of diseases like cancer by identifying genes that are actively being converted into proteins.
The Phase II HapMap contains over 3.1 million SNPs, three times more than the initial version, improving the detection of genetic variants involved in common diseases and exploring human genetic variation. Researchers have associated over 60 common DNA variants with risk of disease or related traits using this powerful new tool.
Scientists create whole genome maps of chromatin in embryonic stem cells, revealing a special code that underlies cell identity. The study provides a framework for mapping the complete chromatin landscape of almost any kind of cell.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have created a new technique to map fruit fly chromosomes, allowing for more accurate study of their structure. This approach uses mechanical devices and computer-based image processing to analyze hundreds of images, providing an impartial estimate of chromosome band locations.
Scientists at PNNL and UCLA developed a new proteome map, enabling comparisons of healthy brains with those affected by Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other neurological diseases. The study uses quantitative proteomics and imaging to generate detailed information on brain proteins.
Scientists developed a comprehensive map of copy number variants (CNVs) in the human genome using advanced microarray technology and algorithmic tools. The study identified over 1,400 CNVs covering 12% of the genome, shedding light on genetic changes linked to diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Researchers created a detailed genetic map of the mouse genome using two groups of mice, tracking over 10,000 SNPs to identify patterns of inheritance. The study found variations in recombination rates across the genome, between sexes, and identified sequence motifs that may be representative of recombination hot spots.
A novel genome mapping method has been extended to humans, offering a faster and more cost-effective tool than traditional DNA sequencing. The algorithm makes it possible to optically map the human genome, revealing large-scale structure and detecting genomic abnormalities. This breakthrough may accelerate research in cancer biology.
A new genetic 'roadmap' tool connects human diseases with potential drugs, revealing potential applications in cancer and other diseases. The Connectivity Map uses genomic signatures to predict molecular actions of novel therapeutic compounds and suggest ways existing drugs can be newly applied.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine discovered that fruit flies' visual systems are genetically programmed and don't require neuronal activity for formation. This finding challenges the idea that brain wiring needs activity from neurons to function correctly.
Emory scientists have identified and mapped over 400,000 insertions and deletions (INDELs) in the human genome, providing an expanded view of human genetic differences. These variations differ from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and are likely to impact human health and disease susceptibility.
Researchers developed a genome-wide map of miRNA-mRNA interactions using the PicTar algorithm, predicting that one-third of C. elegans miRNAs target related genes. The study also found that 3' UTRs contain a largely unexplored universe for gene regulation.
Researchers mapped how genes are shared between bacteria through lateral genetic transfer, a process where genes are transferred between unrelated organisms. The study reveals that this phenomenon is widespread and can occur even between distantly related organisms, contributing to the rapid spread of disease-causing bacteria.
The HapMap project provides detailed information on genetic variations common in human populations, shedding light on the relationship between gene changes and diseases. Researchers have identified key sites of DNA recombination that may hold clues to understanding various conditions.
Lan Zhang et al. integrated five biological relationships to discover recurring patterns and themes, highlighting previously unknown relationships between functional modules. Their approach can predict interactions and gene functions, offering a basis for detailed network reconstruction and understanding biological networks.
Researchers at Perlegen and Calit2 have developed a method to analyze whole-genome data, making it possible for genome-wide association studies to be performed on a reduced budget. The study reveals that most functional human genetic variation is not population-specific, with only 18% of SNPs segregating in one population sample.
Boston University chemist Thomas Tullius receives NIH grant to develop ENCODE technology for mapping protein-binding sites. His research aims to decipher patterns on DNA's landscape, building tools to understand how structure affects function.
Researchers have created a genetic map of purebred dogs, revealing how breeds evolved and inherited traits. The study also found that similar trade-offs in genetics are present in both dogs and modern foxes.