Articles tagged with Plant Genetics
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Researchers have sequenced the Arabidopsis genome at unprecedented detail, shedding light on centromere evolution and revealing genetic and epigenetic topography. The findings provide insights into the genomic equivalent of black holes, a region that has long been challenging to analyze.
New research enables regionally relevant eating-quality traits to be selected early in breeding programs, saving time and effort. Genetic markers associated with 10 grain-quality traits have been identified, which can now be used by rice breeders in Latin America and potentially worldwide.
Researchers have sequenced the quillwort genome, uncovering unique genetic mechanisms regulating CAM photosynthesis in these aquatic plants. The study found differences in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase function between quillworts and terrestrial plants.
A study by University of Tennessee researchers found two soybean genotypes, 'Ellis' and 'USG Allen', that outperformed others under drought conditions. These varieties showed improved yields and reduced wilting, making them suitable for water-limited areas.
Researchers discovered a novel type of bivalent chromatin that enables plants to quickly produce defense compounds like camalexin in response to pathogens. This understanding could inform strategies to improve crop yields and combat global hunger.
Researchers discovered that bacteria enter corn plants through natural openings at the leaf's edge, causing Goss's wilt. High concentrations of bacteria lead to freckles and disease symptoms.
Researchers have identified a key component of plants' light response, allowing them to regulate gene expression and control stem growth. By reducing PIF protein activity, they can slow down stem growth and promote leaf and seed production, leading to increased crop yields and improved food supply.
Research reveals that stronger lettuce stems are a key part of disease resistance against Sclerotinia spp., the causative agent of lettuce drop. The study found that wild lettuce species exhibit increased stem strength and reduced symptom development, while modern commercial cultivars are susceptible to rapid basal stem rot.
The New Roots for Restoration Biology Integration Institute aims to integrate plant traits, communities, and the soil ecosphere to advance restoration of natural and agricultural ecosystems. The project seeks to understand how root traits influence plant interactions with each other and with the soil.
The article reviews macrogenetics, a field that uses big data to identify global drivers of genetic diversity and answer fundamental biodiversity questions. Macrogeneticists aim to inform sustainable policies by analyzing large-scale patterns, settling long-standing debates among scientists.
Researchers sequenced DNA from plant specimens collected nearly 50 years ago to analyze genetic diversity and its response to climate change. The study found that several species restricted to the Guadalupe Mountains had surprisingly high amounts of genetic diversity, which could help them adapt to changing conditions.
A new collection of corn genomes provides a detailed understanding of the genetic diversity and adaptability of corn plants. Researchers have mapped the first corn genome in 2009 and filled in gaps since, revealing how the corn genome was shuffled over time.
A Cornell University study found no evidence that environmental stresses increase THC concentrations or CBD ratios in hemp. The research suggests genetics play a key role in determining THC content and CBD ratios.
Researchers from The Pennsylvania State University have discovered a previously unreported structure called the 'cantil' in wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana. Cantils are rare structures that develop under specific conditions and provide important clues for understanding plant growth and development.
Researchers found that hybrids become more productive as genetic distance between parents increases, contradicting previous contradictory studies. The team's study provides clarity to the issue, enabling rational selection of crossing partners for breeding new hybrid varieties.
Scientists have uncovered the mechanism behind chromosome elimination in plants, which could enable removal of harmful genes for medical purposes. The process involves impaired transport of B chromosomes, resulting in their degradation and sparing of root cells from potentially toxic genes.
The EU's new AGENT research project aims to establish a global network of actively cooperating gene banks and convert them into digital resource centers. The project seeks to standardize gene bank management and verification, making plant genetic resources more accessible to researchers and breeders worldwide.
A team led by CSHL Professor David Jackson has identified a gene in corn that contributes to both plant development and immune system control. Manipulating this gene, Gß, could increase crop yields by reprogramming the balance between growth and defense.
Researchers at the University of Córdoba discovered a new gene involved in strawberry fruiting duration, contradicting previous assumptions that only one gene controlled this trait. The study's findings provide valuable insights into genetic mechanisms and could lead to more efficient improvement programs for strawberry production.
Researchers at the University of Illinois identified genetic signatures that distinguish male from female waterhemp and Palmer amaranth plants, a crucial step in developing genetic control. The discovery aims to introduce genetically modified male plants that would contain a gene drive to control the damaging weeds.
Researchers studied the effects of ionizing radiation on plants, finding that it can alter physiological processes such as photosynthesis and respiration. The study suggests that ionizing radiation can have both negative and positive effects on plant life, depending on the context.
Scientists at The University of Toledo found that insects manipulate grape vines' reproductive programs to create a leaf gall, providing a protected space for the parasite. This discovery opens possibilities for protecting wine and raisin production from agricultural pests.
Scientists have found an optimal mating distance that maximizes genetic fitness in model organisms, including baker's yeast, Arabidopsis plants, and mice. This discovery has implications for animal and plant breeding as well as conservation.
The importance of plant genetic resources cannot be overstated, as they provide the building blocks for crop breeding and research. Crop wild relatives, in particular, offer valuable traits like drought tolerance that can help ensure global food security.
Researchers at the Natural History Museum used DNA barcoding to identify 80% of commercial orchid products as containing threatened species. The study highlights the need for increased regulation and monitoring in the global trade of orchids.
Monash University researchers have discovered a new mechanism that enables plants to regulate their flowering in response to raised temperatures. The finding could lead to the development of technology allowing us to control plant physiological responses and mitigate warming impacts.
Plant scientists found that parasitic nematodes use a specialized hormone to feed from plants, allowing them to cause devastating agricultural pests. The discovery could lead to the development of crop plants with enhanced resistance to these pests.
A University of Minnesota study identifies a single gene responsible for the difference in psychoactive content between hemp and marijuana. The discovery could strengthen hemp producers' arguments that their products should not be subject to the same narcotics laws as hemp's cannabinoid cousin.
Researchers discovered sustained human habitation and farming between 2,500-3,400 meters above sea level 3,600 years ago on the Tibetan Plateau. This finding challenges previous understanding of human adaptation to high altitudes.
Researchers have identified 871 wild plant species in China with potential to adapt globally important crops, including rice and wheat. These crop wild relatives (CWR) can improve crop tolerance and nutritional qualities.
A team developed a sophisticated tool to characterize the functions of genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a key subject for photosynthesis research. This breakthrough enables large-scale genetic analysis of the organism's mutants, leading to better understanding of cellular processes and potential applications in biofuel development.
UC Riverside plant geneticists Mikeal Roose and Timothy Close are developing a genetic tool to improve citrus breeding. They will use high-density SNP genotyping arrays to study citrus varieties and hybrids, identifying genes for disease resistance, fruit quality, and other essential traits.
A study published in Botany reveals that the genetic diversity of the Branched Bartonia plant in Ontario is greater than initially thought. The research found that the Muskoka population is genetically distinct from a core population in New York State, highlighting the importance of considering genetic novelty in conservation policies.
A new journal issue introduces guidelines for GMP monitoring using faunal species data. The VDI guidelines aim to detect environmental effects of GM plants in agricultural landscapes.
ARS scientists bred yellow potatoes with enhanced carotenoid levels, doubling their nutritional value compared to Yukon Gold. The new varieties have shown promise in improving eye health by protecting against age-related macular degeneration and cataract formation.
A new study reveals that insects feeding on plants drive genetic variation in their host species across large geographic areas. The researchers found that two aphid species exert pressure on plants to create diverse chemical defenses, leading to changes in the genetic makeup of plant populations.
The USDA's Agricultural Research Service has developed several new blueberry varieties, including 'Pink Lemonade', which offers a flavorful surprise with its taste similar to a raspberry. Another notable variety is 'Sweetheart', which produces firm, delectable berries in mid-to-late June and allows for an extended harvest period.
Researchers identified the genetic basis of a mutation in sunflowers that results in double-flowered varieties depicted by Van Gogh. The study found a single dominant gene responsible for creating the mutation, which disrupts the production of ray florets.
The JIPM authors refute Greenpeace's claim that genetically modified corn caused the western bean cutworm to spread. Instead, they cite various ecological and agronomic factors, such as conservation tillage, reduced insecticide use, and climate change, which may have contributed to the WBC's range expansion.
A study published in the Nature journal Scientific Reports found that many tea and herbal products contain unlisted ingredients, including weeds and plants from various families. The research used DNA barcoding technology to identify unknown species in 70 tea products and 60 herbal products, revealing a total of 25 unexpected ingredients.
Research reveals climbing affects plant size and distribution, altering genetic variation; conservation plans recommended to protect native vegetation
Scientists have genetically modified a trial crop of banana plants to survive Tropical Race Four, a fungus that has wiped out plantations in the Northern Territory. The modified plants have been inserted with a gene that starves the fungus, preventing it from attacking the plant.
Researchers discovered aphids on ginger and heliconia plants have genetic differences from those on banana plants, reclassifying them as a separate species Pentalonia caladii. This finding has significant implications for the biological control of banana aphids and preventing the spread of BBTV.
Researchers found that apathetic aphids, accustomed to ignoring pheromone alarms, are more vulnerable to ladybug attacks. This study provides a potential strategy for increasing the effectiveness of aphid predators in crop protection.
Researchers found established populations of genetically modified canola plants outside agricultural fields in North Dakota, reproducing and adapting to local environments. This discovery highlights concerns about the spread of biotech products and their impact on native species.
A new approach to boosting vitamin A levels in corn has been developed by US scientists, with potential to reduce child blindness and mortality in developing regions. The research identified genetic sequences linked to higher beta-carotene levels in corn and demonstrated an inexpensive method to identify and breed high-yielding varieties.
A Brown University-led research team has created a genetic model that charts the internal and external signals guiding plant flowering across its native climate range. The model accurately predicts how plants will respond to environmental cues and can be used to understand how plants will adapt to future climate conditions.
A new study identifies a genetic pathway that determines the pattern of flower growth in tomato plants. The researchers found that manipulation of this pathway can turn a single stem into hundreds of branch-bearing shoots, increasing crop yields.
Researchers found a novel gene, bZIP28, regulating heat stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana. This discovery may lead to creating crops more resilient to warmer climates.
Ecological balance diverges across cultural, economic and political perspectives, according to ASU researcher Ann Kinzig. The biosphere can be both robust and fragile, with instability in one part required for stability in another.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine developed genetically modified carrots that increase the transport of calcium across plant cell membranes. The modified carrots can provide up to 41% more bioavailable calcium than regular carrots, making them a promising source for improving bone mineral density and treating osteoporosis.
Researchers have discovered 36 bottlegourd accessions with complete resistance to ZYMV, a major scourge of commercial cucurbits. Grafting popular watermelon cultivars onto resistant bottlegourd rootstocks may provide a sustainable solution to control the virus.
Researchers at UCSD have identified a family of 11 genes involved in the synthesis of auxin, a key plant hormone. Disrupting these genes reveals that localized production of auxin controls plant architecture, contradicting previous assumptions. This discovery has significant implications for crop improvement and development.
Researchers identified a family of 11 genes involved in auxin synthesis and found that their localized production influences plant development. This discovery can be applied to agricultural problems like producing seedless fruit or stronger stems.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a vaccine approach to fight the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by infusing it into genetically modified cherry tomatoes. The study found that mice fed with these vaccine-containing tomatoes showed increased antibody production, providing protection against the virus.
Researchers used DNA fingerprinting to identify 16 wine-grape varieties, including Chardonnay, as the offspring of Pinot and Gouais blanc. This discovery provides valuable information for grape breeders, allowing them to preserve old varieties and develop new ones.
Researchers successfully revived bacteria extracted from ancient bees preserved in amber, opening up new possibilities for pharmaceuticals and industrial applications. Ancient plant specimens are also being studied to understand genetic evolution and identify potential biocontrol uses.